1, Fan Zhongyan

Fan Zhongyan (August 29, 989-1May 20, 052), of Greek origin, Han nationality. Suzhou Wuxian people. An outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, awarded Guangdejun's manager to join the army, welcomed his mother back to raise him, and changed his name.

Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the first year of Kangding (1040), together with Han Qi, he served as Shaanxi deputy envoy, appeasing and soliciting, and adopting the policy of "long-term farming" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense.

For three years (1043), Li Qing participated in the discussion of state affairs and launched the "Qingli New Deal". Soon, when the New Deal was frustrated, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing and learned about Zhangzhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou.

In the fourth year (1052), it was changed to Yingzhou, and Fan Zhongyan took office for illness and died on the way, at the age of 64. The King of Chu posthumously conferred the title of Minister of War, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as the Duke of Fan Wenzheng.

2. Zeng Guofan

Zeng Guofan (18 1 1 year165438+1October 26th-1March 872 12), whose first name was Zicheng, whose real name was Bohan. China was a politician, strategist, philosopher and writer in modern times, the founder and commander-in-chief of Xiang Army.

Zeng Guofan was born in a landlord family. He has been diligent and studious since childhood. He entered this school at the age of six. At the age of 8, he can read four books and recite five classics. At the age of 14, he can read Zhou Li and Historical Records. In the 18th year of Daoguang (1838), he entered imperial academy and studied under the military minister Zhang Mu.

Reluctantly moved to a bachelor's degree in cabinet, assistant minister of does, assistant minister of military, industrial, criminal and official departments. We are close friends with university students such as Woren, Huining Road and Guizhen, and strive for "practical learning".

During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Zeng Guofan formed the Xiang Army. After years of fighting, he turned the tide and wiped out the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Throughout his life, he pursued patience as the first priority, and advocated that everything should be frugal and not proud of being an official. He cultivated self-discipline, sought officials by virtue, put courtesy first, and sought politics by loyalty, and achieved great success in officialdom.

The rise of Zeng Guofan had a far-reaching impact on the politics, military affairs, culture and economy of the Qing Dynasty. At Zeng Guofan's initiative, he built the first ship in China, founded the first ordnance school, printed and translated the first batch of western language books, and arranged the first batch of students studying in the United States.

It can be said that Zeng Guofan was the pioneer of China's modernization. Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi were called "Zeng Hu", while Li Hongzhang, Zuo and Zhang Zhidong were called "four famous ministers of ZTE in the late Qing Dynasty". Official to the governor of Liangjiang, the governor of Zhili, the university student of Wuyingdian, the first-class Yi, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", later called "Ceng Wenzheng".

3. Sima Guang

Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty claimed to be descendants of Sima Fu in the Western Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), he was a scholar and moved to Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. In Song Shenzong, he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and left the court for fifteen years. He presided over the compilation of Zi Tongzhi Jian, the first chronicle in the history of China.

After four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, Shangshu's official position has always been Zuo Assistant Minister. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), he died in Wen Guogong, posthumous title, and Zheng Wen, posthumous title.

Ranked as "Yuan You party member", he has the right to Song Zhezong Temple and Graphic Zhao Xun Pavilion; From being enshrined in the Confucius Temple, it was called "Sima Zi's former Confucianism"; From the temple to worship the emperor.

Be gentle, humble and upright; Work hard, work hard. It boasts that "the day is insufficient, followed by the night", which is a model under Confucianism. He wrote many books in his life, mainly including Wen Guo Wen Official Documents, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui Ji, Xu Qian and so on.

4. Fang Xiaoru

Fang Xiaoru (1357 ——1July 25th, 402), a native of Ninghai, was called "Mr. goucheng" because his hometown used to belong to goucheng.

When King Xian of Shu was in Hanzhong Prefecture, he named his reading room "Zheng Xue", also known as "Mr. Zheng Xue", a minister, scholar, writer, essayist and thinker in Ming Dynasty.

Fang Xiaoru was smart and studious, alert and agile. When I grow up, I will learn from Song Lian, a great scholar, and be respected by my peers. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), he died of illness. After he acceded to the throne, he followed Mao's instructions, called Fang Xiaoru to Beijing, entrusted him with an important task, and successively named him a bachelor of Hanlin and a bachelor of Hanlin. ?

Judy, the prince of Yan, made an oath of "Jingnan" and sent troops south to build the capital. Hui Di also sent troops to the Northern Expedition. At that time, all the letters to the prince were written by Fang Xiaoru.

In May of the 4th year of Wen Jian (1402), after the Prince entered Beijing, many civil and military officials turned defeat into victory and surrendered to the Prince. Fang Xiaoru refused to surrender and was arrested and imprisoned.

Later, Judy, the prince who launched the "Jingnan War", was killed by Judy because she refused to draft the paper. Fang Xiaoru endured grief and never gave in. He was executed at the age of 46 outside Jubaomen, Nanjing, Jiangsu. The year of death was implemented in the history of the Ming Dynasty. When the Axe King was in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he pursued "Zheng Wen".

5. Liu Tongxun

Liu Tongxun (1698- 1773), born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province (now Gaomi, Shandong Province), was a politician in the Qing Dynasty.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), he was a scholar, and served as the minister of punishments, the minister of industry, the minister of officials, the minister of cabinet, the minister of imperial academy and the minister of military aircraft.

Liu Tongxun, from an official to a military official, has been in power for more than 40 years. He is honest and outspoken, and has made remarkable achievements in official administration, military affairs and river management.

In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), he died suddenly on his way to Korea. When Emperor Qianlong heard the news, he lamented the loss of the minister and posthumously awarded the title of Taifu, posthumous title Zheng Wen.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zheng Wen