As a social practice, ideological and political education covers all countries in society and different historical periods of countries. The ruling class will inevitably carry out ideological and political education on the people with its own ideology in order to maintain and consolidate its rule. This is true in socialist countries, and so is it in capitalist countries. With the development of economic globalization, the relationship between countries is getting closer and closer. For the needs of national development, both developed and developing countries have seen the necessity of ideological and political education (omitted). Ideological and political education has become an inevitable trend in the development of all countries. This paper starts with introducing the main ideological and political education methods in China and the West from ancient times to the present, summarizes their respective ideological and political education methods, and makes a comparative study of these ideological and political education methods. Summarized the similarities and differences. It makes people further (slightly) highlight the role of ideological and political education in modern society. Comparative study is a main line of this paper. The key point of this paper is to learn from the excellent western ideological and political education methods for our use through comparison. On the basis of inheriting the fine tradition of ideological and political education in China, combined with the development trend of today's society, we will inject fresh blood into our traditional ideological and political education methods and make them in China.