Preventive measures of safety education in kindergartens 1 1. All-round three-dimensional conception and creation of safety education environment
1. It is to ensure the safety of outdoor environmental facilities.
We consider the safety of children's activities in the placement position and space design layout of large toys to ensure that children get full exercise and ensure safety. In outdoor venues of different sizes, our park has built swimming pools, sand, playgrounds, cobblestone health roads, groves and various green belts suitable for children with modern concepts and unique designs, and purchased large outdoor toys and equipment produced by regular manufacturers. Plastic mats are placed under climbing facilities such as large slides and poles; Set a fence around the swing or mark it with a warning line to ensure that there are no deposits and sharp objects around, and hang the correct play and precautions in a conspicuous position for parents to see clearly; Regular safety inspections are conducted by special personnel to ensure the safety of children's outdoor activities.
2. Eliminate unsafe factors in the indoor environment.
Teachers in each class find and eliminate hidden dangers in the class environment according to the specific situation of the class and the age characteristics of the children, and create an environment suitable for self-protection education with the children. For example, small classes create an environment for cultivating good living habits, middle classes create an environment for enriching children's life experience, and large classes create an environment for cultivating children's self-help ability. At the same time, use various signs to remind children to pay attention to safety, because eye-catching and concise signs can attract children's attention and are the best safety tips.
The teacher set up warning signs in all possible dangerous places. If a sign is set on the edge of the power socket, it means that there is electrical danger here, and warn children not to play with electricity; Set a sign next to the hot water bucket to remind children that there is boiling water here, and be careful of burns; Useful safety warning signs such as toilets, doors and stairs made of various cartoon images can remind children silently at any time. We will handle the wires and switches safely and put them out of the reach of children. We will also regularly check all kinds of facilities in the park and do safety education and safety measures when organizing children's activities.
3. Pay attention to students' psychological "safety"
In addition to material safety, we also pay attention to children's psychological "safety", treat children equally and kindly every day, accept children with warm and caring feelings, treat children's negligence with understanding and tolerance, and let children live in a warm and harmonious environment full of security and trust. Let children deeply understand that teachers care about their own safety and health, and know how to pay attention to safety and protect themselves.
Second, carefully design educational activities to acquire safety knowledge.
Activities are the main channel of preschool education. Through activities, children can be exposed to real scenes, and through various forms of activities such as theme teaching, systematic teaching and independent games, children can create a specific environment, strengthen their safety knowledge, let children put their safety knowledge into a specific environment to think, experience and solve problems, and gradually establish an independent safety cognitive structure, so that their safety knowledge and self-protection ability can be comprehensively improved.
The main contents include: traffic safety education, fire safety education, food hygiene and safety education, electric shock prevention and drowning prevention education, kindergarten toy safety education, etc. Safety education is very extensive, involving all aspects. Combining with the education and teaching activities in various fields, safety issues are infiltrated into them, and activities in various fields of kindergartens contain some opportunities for safety education. As long as teachers pay attention, they will find many entry points to combine safety education. For example, in language activities, put some safety knowledge into stories and nursery rhymes, so that children can receive safety knowledge education while learning stories and nursery rhymes.
In addition, we can also carry out corresponding safety education for children according to the theme. For example, children in small classes have poor self-protection awareness and self-control ability, and can't control their behaviors and actions well, which often causes unnecessary harm to their "five senses".
Therefore, it is particularly important for children to understand the importance of "five senses" and how to protect and deal with them. The protection of the five senses can be combined with the understanding of eyes, ears and nose, so that children can understand the importance of the five senses-the protection of the five senses, and finally form a good sense of self-protection.
For another example, in the theme activity of "Busy Summer" in the middle class, combined with the theme content, we launched the "Food Hygiene in Summer" activity together. Through discussion, we all know: don't eat too many cold drinks and don't eat unsanitary food. Let children know how to eat clean food and wash their hands before and after meals, so that children can initially perceive the importance of food hygiene and enhance their awareness of self-protection.
In addition, according to the actual situation, we have a question "What if an adult is not at home?" Through discussion and watching videos and live performances, let children know that there are some things that a person can't do at home. They should learn to protect their own safety, such as closing the door, not climbing the windowsill, not taking medicine indiscriminately, not touching the power socket, and not opening the door casually when someone knocks at the door. If they are in danger or have problems that they can't handle, they should call their parents immediately or 1 108. At the same time, encourage children to be smart and brave and learn to protect themselves.
There are still many safety education contents in kindergartens. How to teach children some simple safety protection knowledge, enhance children's safety protection awareness, and learn to protect their own skills and methods requires teachers' constant consideration and thinking in practical work.
Third, skillfully infiltrate safety education into all aspects of daily life.
Children's safety education itself is an integral part of life education, which can only be reflected through daily life. In children's daily life, as long as teachers carefully discover and seize opportunities and seize every little thing that happens around children, they can randomly and flexibly carry out safety education, so that children can learn lessons and gain experience, which can get twice the result with half the effort. For example, talk with the morning check-up to remind children not to carry dangerous goods; Be careful when going to the toilet and walk slowly; Not crowded when queuing; Don't leave the teacher while playing;
Don't put things in your ears, nose or mouth; Strengthen the care of frail children after outdoor games. I remember an activity in which a child's small chair was accidentally knocked down. When he squatted down to help the chair and stood up again, his head hit the table and scratched some skin. In view of this unexpected event, I seized the opportunity to organize children to discuss "why did the small chair fall down?" How should children protect themselves when doing things? "Wait, let the children participate in the activities in person and get real feelings, thus forming a sense of self-protection.
Fourth, carry out effective drills so that children can learn to protect themselves.
"Professional Standards for Kindergarten Teachers" clearly points out: care for children, attach importance to their physical and mental health, put the safety of children's lives in the first place, echo each other from three levels of professional attitude, knowledge and ability, and put forward specific requirements in an all-round way. Specific requirements include: for example, teachers should put the protection of children's life safety in the first place; Familiar with kindergarten safety emergency plan, master the basic methods of safety protection and rescue for children in accidents and dangerous situations; It can effectively protect young children and give priority to rescuing young children in critical situations.
It is not enough to teach all kinds of safety knowledge, but also a comprehensive education that integrates knowledge and practicality. In addition to letting children know some necessary safety knowledge, they can also be guided to carry out some drills. For example, "What if there is a fire?" By looking at pictures and pictures, let the children do some self-help exercises after understanding the use and harm of fire. How to learn to call 1 19, tell your location and fire situation, practice simple emergency measures (cover your mouth with a wet towel and quickly escape from the fire scene), let children know the knowledge of safe self-help and escape, and learn to protect themselves.
In addition, the harm caused by natural disasters is also hard to prevent. The Wenchuan "5. 12" earthquake in 2008 brought people a lot of thoughts. We pass on all kinds of knowledge of disaster avoidance and self-help to children by watching propaganda films on disaster prevention and mitigation, talking in the morning, asking questions, etc., and let children realize the importance of disaster avoidance, self-help and mutual help through many exercises of "the earthquake is coming". Through many exercises, children have enhanced their awareness of self-protection and learned not to panic, not to be afraid and to remain calm. At the same time, they have better enhanced their awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation and their ability to respond to emergencies.
Five, actively do a good job in family communication, to ensure the safety of children outside the park, deepen the safety education of children.
It is far from enough for children's safety education to rely solely on kindergarten education. It is very important for children to master relevant safety knowledge through various channels, which is related to the safe and healthy growth of each child and the happiness and safety of each family.
Safety education needs the joint efforts of families. Parents should cooperate closely with kindergartens and always pay attention to the safety of young children. Teachers can make full use of parent-teacher conferences, parents' open days, special events, publicity lectures and online platforms to provide vivid safety education for parents. Parents should let their children do what they can at home, cultivate their self-care ability, and let them learn to take care of their basic life, such as tying their shoelaces loose and adding clothes when the weather is cold.
Parents should strengthen the training of their children's living habits, such as not laughing or fighting when eating, avoiding foreign objects entering the trachea, and consciously letting children deal with some problems and difficulties independently, such as: "What should I do if I go out and get separated from my parents?" This type of safety education is often carried out, so that children can master the adaptability to changes in the surrounding environment and their own physiological or psychological changes, so as to deal with things calmly and calmly. Through family cooperation, we can form a joint force of education, introduce some knowledge of "safety" and "self-help" to parents, raise their awareness of cultivating their children's self-protection ability, and jointly improve their safety awareness and self-protection ability.
In a word, the purpose of our safety education for young children is to give them more opportunities for development. It is necessary to follow the principle of "being prepared", educate a child at ordinary times, drive a family, do a good job in safety education from subtle points, improve children's ability to deal with emergencies, and enhance their awareness of self-protection. Everything is for children and everything is for their healthy growth.
Preventive measures for safety education in kindergartens 2 1, safety education measures
(1) All teaching staff should fully care about students' physical and mental health. In the process of education, they should respect students' individuality. They are not allowed to satirize, dig at or insult students. Students shall not be punished mentally, physically or in disguised form. Students' personal privacy can't be disclosed casually. In case of the above situation, we should communicate with the students in time afterwards to smooth their psychological harm and gain their understanding. The faculty who saw the students injured at the first time was the first responsible person.
(2) The logistics department of the school should check all kinds of safety equipment of the school at least once a week. The class teacher and the grade leader should always check whether there are potential safety hazards in the teaching equipment in the classroom, and report the problems to the General Affairs Office in time to ensure that students have a safe learning and activity environment.
(3) The class teacher should always give students safety education, including: ① traffic safety, ② self-protection, ③ behavior safety, ④ extracurricular activities safety, [5] sports activities safety, [6] property protection and psychological safety.
(4) When freshmen enter school, the infirmary and psychological consultation room will organize an investigation on their physique and abnormal psychological state. Students should truthfully reflect their general problems in physical quality and mental health. After understanding, the class teacher should communicate with the PE teacher or relevant departments to give such students safety tips and protection as much as possible.
(5) The class teacher and the monitor should strictly manage the self-study class and evening self-study, and the life guidance teacher should carefully check the number of students who take lunch breaks and stay overnight. Students can't leave school without parents' leave notes and the endorsement of the class teacher. Students who have not returned to school should inform their parents in time and understand the situation, and do a good job in individual education.
(6) In sports activity classes, training courses and competitive competitions, PE teachers should carry out safety education, make good preparations for sports and strengthen patrol guidance.
2, student injury accident handling procedures
(1) The class teacher, the class teacher and relevant personnel should go to the scene to deal with the injured students at school in time. First of all, assist medical staff or parents to take rescue measures in time, and make records after first aid in the school medical room. If it is necessary to be sent to the hospital for treatment, the class teacher or grade head should inform the parents in time and assist the parents to send the injured to the hospital for treatment.
(2) The class teacher should report the injured students to the grade director in time, and also report to the Student Affairs Office for the record. Those who are seriously injured should report to the principal's office.
(3) The class teacher should care about the injured students and take necessary measures to help them. It is necessary to embody the noble professional ethics of teachers attached to provincial middle schools and try to reduce the adverse consequences after the accident.
(4) When teaching staff know that students are injured outside the school, they should report to the school in time, and contact the class teacher and parents to assist the school or parents to deal with it in time.
(5) personal safety accident handling procedures.
The first responsible person-the class teacher or life teacher-the school doctor-the parents of both students-the prefect, and the subordinate administration-the director of the Political and Educational Affairs Office-is in charge of the principal.
Preventive measures of kindergarten safety education Chapter III Campus violence is a hidden danger that endangers students' safety and undermines campus stability. The incident of gathering people to fight a few days ago still makes us feel palpitation and can't be forgotten for a long time. This gave us a wake-up call. I hope such violence will not happen again. In order to effectively prevent, timely control and eliminate the hazards of emergencies, improve the ability to deal with emergencies, effectively protect the personal safety of students, maintain the normal teaching, work and life order of the school, create a good educational environment, and build a "civilized, harmonious, safe and stable" campus, the following rectification measures are formulated.
First, strengthen leadership, clear responsibilities, responsibility to people, a clear division of labor.
1. A campus safety leading group headed by the principal himself was established, with Deputy Director Ma Yuan as the team leader, who was directly responsible for campus safety.
2, establish and improve the campus safety system, adhere to the responsibility system of safety leadership, guard responsibility system, duty leadership responsibility system, class management responsibility system and dormitory leadership responsibility system.
3. Each class draws two key students to form a school nursing team, and under the leadership of Director Ma Yuan, they work directly on time every day.
Two, prevention first, prevention first, increase publicity, education and management.
1. Pay attention to ideas, intensify publicity and education, and hold safety work team meetings, teachers' meetings, student union meetings, and resident students' meetings.
2, strict guard registration, management system, control foreign personnel to enter the school. Adhere to the post responsibility system and maintain campus safety. The leader on duty and the person in charge of safety often patrol and solve problems in time when they are found.
3. Strengthen legal education and safety education for teachers and students, and enhance students' awareness of legal system and self-protection. Regularly invite police officers from police stations to give lectures and popularize legal knowledge.
4. The leaders in charge of security are familiar with and understand the campus security situation, do ideological work for the parties that may cause contradictions one by one, patiently receive them, and try their best to resolve them.
5. Contact the local police station to jointly safeguard school safety. Check the situation of students carrying controlled knives from time to time and deal with hidden dangers in time.
Third, the measures to deal with sudden mass incidents.
1. In case of gathering people to make trouble, the insider should immediately report to the campus safety emergency leading group or the relevant person in charge. If the situation is serious, the relevant person in charge will call the local police station or dial "1 10".
2. The leaders of the campus safety leading group and the relevant person in charge must rush to the scene of the riot at the first time to understand and master the incident, control the situation and prevent it from developing. If there are casualties, send the wounded to the hospital for emergency treatment as quickly as possible, and notify the parents or family members of the wounded.
3. The leading group coordinated an emergency meeting, clarified the division of labor, strengthened responsibilities, extensively collected information, analyzed the nature of the incident, made ideological education for the rioters, evacuated the masses in time, and prevented the situation from deteriorating, which would have adverse effects on other teachers and students.
4, take individual heart-to-heart, small meetings and other ways to provide petition channels for rioters, understand and master the crux of the problem, solve the reasonable part of the problem according to the policy or report it to study and solve, and severely criticize the rioters, so as to effectively resolve contradictions and stabilize the normal order of the school.
5. The school resolutely cooperates with the public security organs to crack down and resolutely put an end to the occurrence of campus violence; The school deals with students' violent behavior severely and quickly, and if the circumstances are serious, it is handed over to the public security organs for handling.
Precautionary measures of safety education in kindergartens The fourth chapter of the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education points out: "Kindergartens must put the protection of children's lives and the promotion of children's health in the first place, and safety work is the top priority of school education." Thus, safety education plays a very important role in kindergarten work. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, children in early childhood are in the pre-operational thinking stage. Seeing things depends more on your own perception, often according to your own ideas, and often relying on actions and behaviors to understand things.
Children's strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge make them want to try anything new without considering the consequences, and their awareness and ability of self-protection are poor, which makes them prone to some accidents. Some studies have pointed out that there are many problems in kindergarten safety education at present. Starting with the causes of safety education problems, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures to improve safety education in kindergartens, aiming at helping educators to carry out safety education in kindergartens and laying a solid foundation for the healthy development of children's body and mind.
1. Cause analysis of safety education problems
(1) Educators' understanding of safety education is not deep enough. In early childhood education, the primary goal should always be to protect children's physical and mental health and safety. But at present, many teachers put the cultivation of children's intelligence in the first place in order to meet the needs of parents.
Because the education of children's mathematics, language, music and art may have more immediate effect than the safety education of children, educators pay more attention to the education of children's intelligence and ignore the safety education of children.
As a result, in the actual teaching activities, teachers can't make enough emergency measures for foreseeable safety problems in time, and they are also unable to deal with sudden safety accidents, which has laid a hidden danger for the safety problems of kindergartens.
(2) The kindergarten safety education system needs to be improved. If the safety education in kindergartens is to be implemented smoothly, there must be a perfect safety education system. In this way, kindergarten teachers can carry out safety education activities scientifically and reasonably in accordance with relevant safety education rules and regulations. However, in the process of kindergarten education and teaching, it is difficult to achieve the ideal safety education effect without a perfect safety supervision system.
(3) Safety education evaluation is unscientific. Educational evaluation is to evaluate the value of education, judge the value of education, and judge the degree to which education meets personal needs and social needs. However, the primary problem in safety education evaluation is teachers' lack of awareness of education evaluation, which will lead to teachers' inability to clearly understand the problems existing in their work and make objective judgments on the development of safety education. Through effective safety education evaluation, educators can not only better understand the safety needs of children, but also summarize and reflect on their own problems in carrying out safety education, which is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of safety education.
(4) Teachers' sense of job burnout has greatly increased. Teachers' job burnout refers to the exhaustion of emotions, attitudes and behaviors caused by teachers' inability to cope with stress experience. Typical symptoms are low job satisfaction, loss of work enthusiasm and interest, emotional alienation and indifference. The rising of teachers' job burnout will directly affect their enthusiasm for learning. They just complete the teaching content step by step, and have no motivation to invest more in the details of the work. Teachers' neglect of work details can easily lead to their neglect of children's dangerous behavior. When children have hidden dangerous behaviors, teachers may miss a good opportunity to stop dangerous behaviors because they turn a blind eye, resulting in irreparable consequences.
(5) Children's own safety awareness is weak. Because children's nervous system and motor system are not well developed, although they sometimes perceive danger, they are not responded in time and effectively controlled, leading to accidents such as burns and drowning. The imperfection of children's cognitive development and motor development, coupled with the sharp contrast between children's active nature and hidden safety hazards in the environment, make children more prone to accidents than adults, which shows that children's own safety awareness is weak and they lack scientific and effective safety measures. However, many kindergartens do not take these characteristics of children's physical and mental development into account, but blindly carry out safety education activities from the perspective of adults, which often fails to achieve the expected results.
(6) Lack of safety education resources. Rich and safe educational resources are also very important in kindergarten safety education activities. We usually only see a little shadow of safety education in social or health fields, but it is still far from enough for children's safety education needs. As far as the current kindergarten safety education resources are concerned, the lack of safety education books limits the content of safety education; The lack of teaching equipment and video materials limits the educational form of safety education; The shortage of social resources will make safety education divorced from real life.
2. Countermeasures to improve kindergarten safety education
(1) Improve educators' awareness of safety education. The premise of improving educators' understanding of safety education is to strengthen educators' learning of safety knowledge, change the previous concept of intelligence first, re-recognize safety education and put safety education in the first place in kindergarten work. Educators should first clear up the misunderstanding of safety education knowledge, pay attention to the combination of theory and practice, and combine relevant knowledge with practical operation to improve teachers and children's methods of correctly handling accidents. Secondly, kindergartens should regularly strengthen the training of preschool teachers, encourage and support preschool teachers to actively carry out safety education activities, and let teachers understand that safety education and other educational activities complement each other, which is an important guarantee for the long-term stability and healthy development of kindergartens.
(2) Improve the kindergarten safety education system. The effective implementation of kindergarten safety education should not only improve the written rules and regulations about safety education, but also improve the corresponding supervision mechanism. For the formulation of rules and regulations, it is necessary to combine the actual situation of kindergartens and implement every detail of education work. There must be specific arrangements and regulations in all aspects such as responsibility to people, how to implement and how to manage. Kindergartens should strengthen supervision over the specific implementation process to prevent some educators from taking advantage of the system and neglecting safety education. Negligence in every link may lead to accidents. Therefore, once problems are found, we should take them seriously, improve them in time, and try our best to eliminate the blind spots of safety education.
(3) Establish and improve the evaluation mechanism of kindergarten safety education. Effective kindergarten safety education evaluation helps educators to know whether the current safety education meets the development needs of kindergarten children, whether it can promote children's deep understanding and rapid response to dangerous behaviors, and whether it can achieve the expected safety education goals. The evaluation of kindergarten safety education can be based on process evaluation and result evaluation. The spirit of active participation and the practice of reflective culture provided by Reggio's education system inspire us to study children and their learning and teachers' education and teaching through observation and recording, so as to enhance the effectiveness of children's learning and promote teachers' professional growth. ⑤ While carrying out safety education, kindergarten teachers can record their thoughts and feelings at that time, as well as their own observation of children, which is convenient for future review and reflection, thus better promoting the development of safety education.
(4) Improve the professional happiness of preschool teachers. It is all kinds of pressures faced by preschool teachers that lead to job burnout, so to alleviate teachers' job burnout and improve teachers' professional happiness, we should start with reducing the pressures faced by teachers. First of all, kindergarten leaders should change their management methods, realize humanistic care, understand the different situation of each teacher, understand the situation of teachers, and let teachers find a sense of belonging in the kindergarten environment. Secondly, kindergartens should give priority to reward assessment, supplemented by punitive assessment, and encourage teachers to work harder. Thirdly, reduce the teacher-child ratio, reduce the labor intensity, and increase the number of teachers in each class without reducing the number of children, so as to achieve an appropriate teacher-child ratio. Finally, promote the understanding and support of all walks of life and parents to the profession of preschool teachers and give them the social status they deserve.
(5) Strengthen children's own safety awareness. In life, adults' understanding of dangerous places or harmful objects may not necessarily resonate with children. Preschool children's understanding of dangerous scenes and the cause and effect of accidents is obviously different from that of adults. For example, children think that sharp objects that stand out obviously are far less dangerous than passing vehicles or running partners, because the former is "motionless" and the latter is constantly moving. It is the characteristics of children's physical and mental development that determine the harm of potential safety hazards in the environment to children. In the daily life of kindergarten, not every child's every move can be noticed by the teacher, so it is necessary and imperative to strengthen the children's own understanding of safety. In addition, it is necessary to cultivate children's awareness of rules and good behavior habits to prevent accidents caused by crowded queues and competing for toys. Strengthen children's physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and physical reaction ability, so that children can react flexibly and avoid danger quickly.
(6) Develop safety education resources and enrich the content of safety education. Safety education can be carried out in many forms, not just by Kan Kan. Teachers can carry out scientific and effective theme activities, let children know dangerous things positively, and also provide children with picture books about safety, so that children can understand the truth more easily. Presenting realistic teaching AIDS and videos about safety to children can make them perceive dangerous behaviors more vividly and improve their sense of crisis.
Make use of existing social resources to let firefighters, police and other professionals explain and demonstrate the correct skills to deal with dangers to children. Kindergartens and parents should work together to integrate safety education into children's daily life, so that children can unconsciously establish a sense of self-protection.