1. There are great defects in the target orientation of higher education in China. Colleges and universities still aim at cultivating comprehensive and research-oriented talents, but the fast-developing economy and society need innovation, practicality and comprehensive talents. In addition, the phenomenon of "emphasizing science and engineering, ignoring humanities" generally exists in China's higher education, which lacks the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality.
2. The specialty structure and curriculum can not meet the needs of the market and society. The biggest feature of traditional university education is that it starts from the traditional "discipline-based" model, considers curriculum development from the perspective of a complete discipline system, emphasizes the integrity, systematicness and rigor of theoretical knowledge, and lacks a grasp of social needs. It is often based on what kind of teachers and school conditions are available to train what kind of talents. Therefore, there are more theoretical teaching and less practical teaching in the curriculum; There are many compulsory courses, few elective courses, and the professional setting is also hidebound, lacking innovation and unable to adapt to the development of society.
3. In many colleges and universities, it is common to overemphasize theoretical teaching and neglect practical application. The education mode with the main goal of imparting knowledge is still the main teaching mode in universities, while self-study, discussion, investigation and research, experimental practice and so on are still in the auxiliary position. Due to one-sided emphasis on the systematic transmission of knowledge, the tendency of teaching in colleges and universities to be divorced from social practice is very prominent, which is not conducive to cultivating college students' cooperative ability and sound personality.
4. Lack of guidance for college students' professional quality training and employment. Zhao Peng, vice president of Zhaopin, said: "The biggest difficulty facing college students in employment now is not the lack of achievements, knowledge and experience, but the lack of professional qualities such as professional norms and professional awareness. Nearly 70% of the standards for recruiting talents by enterprises are placed on the professional quality of candidates. " Therefore, professional quality has become a key factor affecting college students' smooth employment and career development. Cultivating and improving the professional quality of college students is not only related to the quality of training and transporting talents for the society, but also related to the social reputation of colleges and universities and the employment of college students.
5. Many universities attach importance to teaching and neglect scientific research. In recent years, as China's higher education has entered the stage of popular development, the relationship between teaching and scientific research in many colleges and universities has become increasingly contradictory, mainly in the following four aspects: First, teaching and scientific research are out of touch, the latest information and development of disciplines, teachers' research results and their experience in research have not been integrated into the teaching content in time. Secondly, college teachers are facing the double pressure of teaching and scientific research, and some teachers still have a lot of social activities and administrative work, so they can't allocate their time reasonably. Third, the imbalance of resource allocation. There is a general problem of insufficient resources and funds in colleges and universities. In addition, there are many contradictions and conflicts in the structure, level and quantity of different types of personnel in colleges and universities. How to rationally understand and correctly handle the relationship between teaching and scientific research directly determines the quality of higher education in China.
Second, the basic strategy of higher education reform
Facing these problems of higher education in China, it is the only way to promote the reform of higher education. There are still many difficulties and great pressures to truly cultivate applied and applied talents who can adapt to local economic and social development. According to my own experience, the author puts forward the following strategies in this paper:
1. We should adjust the training objectives of higher education and pay attention to comprehensive quality education. The important teaching objectives of university education are the accumulation of knowledge, the cultivation of ability and the development of personality quality of college students. The goal of acquiring knowledge is the foundation, and the development of ability and personality quality is the ultimate goal. Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, put forward the educational thought of "people-centered" and opposed any education that put people in a secondary position. Therefore, higher education should adhere to "student-oriented", teach students in accordance with their aptitude and cultivate comprehensive talents to meet the needs of society.
2. Pay attention to teaching reform and actively adjust the professional structure and curriculum. Colleges and universities should set up corresponding courses according to the goal of talent training, and implement the education and training mode of "basic quality+professional ability" in the course setting, and the course content should accurately reflect the main knowledge of the subject and the development trend of the times. On the basis of building a comprehensive curriculum system, it is necessary to deepen the reform of teaching methods, change from closed classroom teaching to multi-dimensional "big classroom" teaching, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, stimulate students' enthusiasm and thirst for knowledge, give play to their initiative in learning, and cultivate students' ability to find, analyze and solve problems.
3. Strengthen practical teaching. Practice teaching is an important link to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability and improve their comprehensive quality. First of all, the school should reform the laboratory management system and break the original decentralized model of setting up laboratories and managing laboratories according to courses or majors. Secondly, practice teaching should be combined with discipline construction, curriculum system optimization and teaching content updating. Thirdly, the school advocates the implementation of open and independent practical teaching methods, focusing on improving practical ability and innovation ability in the process of practice.
4. Strengthen the cultivation of college students' professional quality and employment guidance, and encourage students to start their own businesses. Einstein said: "It is not enough to educate people with professional knowledge. Through professional education, he can become a useful machine, but he can't become a harmonious person. " A harmonious person needs not only professional knowledge to settle down, but also comprehensive professional quality as a support. In order to achieve this goal, we should do the following: First, in the revision of the talent training program, the cultivation of college students' professional quality should be included in the systematic project of talent training, which runs through the whole process of university education. Secondly, in the curriculum system structure of each major, we attach importance to courses such as "guidance for college students' employment and entrepreneurship" and "development of college students' professional quality". Third, college students improve their professional quality through self-cultivation. Finally, social resources such as school-enterprise cooperation, entrepreneur lectures and social training are used to improve the professional quality of college students.
5. Establish a new concept of integration of science and education, and support high-quality higher education with scientific research. Since wilhelm humboldt explicitly put forward "the unity of teaching and scientific research", the relationship between teaching and scientific research has become an important topic in higher education. In order to deal with the relationship between teaching and scientific research, first of all, schools should make reasonable positioning according to their own software and hardware. It is very important for schools to make a reasonable orientation, because different schools have different conditions, so the strength of teaching and scientific research is different. Secondly, it is clear that the task of universities is to cultivate all-round talents for socialist construction. Although scientific research and teaching are two important functions of universities, their foothold should be on personnel training to solve the trade-off relationship between scientific research and teaching. Third, the government should guarantee the coordinated development of teaching and scientific research in colleges and universities by issuing relevant laws and regulations.
Third, the conclusion
The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out the policy of higher education: "Insist on education serving the socialist modernization, serving the people, combining with productive labor and social practice, and cultivating socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty." Around this policy, how to explore a road suitable for school reform and development under the new situation is a problem that every university must seriously consider.