Judging from the main objects of educational supervision, the author thinks it can be divided into three levels. First, it mainly supervises the people's government and its education authorities, which is completed by the national, provincial (city) and county education supervision departments; Second, the main supervision schools are completed by the national, provincial (city) and county education supervision departments, and the basic education is mainly supervised by the county education supervision departments; The third is to supervise the management of the school and the work of the teaching staff, which is completed by the educational supervision organization in the school. The first two levels of educational supervision are completed by specialized supervision institutions and full-time inspectors. Their supervision focuses on "supervising government affairs", and they have considerable government affairs, law enforcement and corresponding authority, which should be supervised at one level. The third-level education supervision is not completed by a special supervision organization, but by an organization established by the school principal according to the needs of the work. There is no full-time inspector in the school's education supervision, but the inspectors are composed of some old teachers, the heads of teaching and research groups and middle-level cadres, and their supervision focuses on "supervising education" and "supervising schools". So it has its own characteristics.
Second, the necessity of school education supervision
From the perspective of management system, the formation of a "trinity" education management system is the guarantee of scientific education management. "Trinity" educational management system refers to the trinity of educational decision-making system, implementation system and supervision system. Here, the educational supervision system is an important part of a sound educational management system. In other words, there are only two systems, decision-making and implementation, and there is no supervision system, which will inevitably lead to the lack of scientific argumentation and inspection and supervision of education decision-making.
In the past, the educational management of Chinese schools was a management that only attached importance to decision-making and had a single executive function. Decision-making is completed by the school-level leadership team, and implementation is completed by the middle-level functional offices. Therefore, school leaders are often busy giving orders and conveying the spirit of the higher-level meeting, and rarely take into account how to implement the following policies and what kind of guidance should be given. It is difficult for the decision-making system to get information feedback in time. Because of the implementation of system self-evaluation, it often reports good news but not worries, which ultimately leads to the lack of scientific basis for decision-making and implementation. Therefore, only when the "trinity" educational administrative system has corresponding undertaking institutions, each of which performs its own duties, can the educational administrative management form a system with complete functions and structure and operate effectively. Educational supervision is the implementation of administrative supervision, which has the function of information feedback and plays an irreplaceable role in school education management. In-school education supervision has the following functions: (1) guidance; (2) Educational function; (3) motivation; (4) supervision; (5) System functions.
Third, grasp the main links and improve the effect of "on-campus education supervision"
The whole process of school education supervision should include four links: planning, implementation, inspection and summary. In the process of educational supervision, every link plays an irreplaceable role. To truly achieve the purpose of school education supervision, we must clarify the purpose, unify our thinking and work hard on actual results; Adhere to the plan, focus on the whole, and explore more in combination and infiltration.
1. Clarify the purpose, unify the thinking and work hard on the actual effect.
Due to the influence of traditional ideas, people often regard educational supervision in schools as "finding problems, finding faults and rectifying teachers" sent by the principal, so teachers often hold a negative mentality of waiting for rectification, defending and confronting. There are also some teachers who think they can benefit from educational supervision. In fact, both views are wrong. As a basic system of modern education, educational supervision not only has the functions of supervision and evaluation, but also has the functions of research, advocacy, coordination and support. The fundamental purpose of school education supervision is to coordinate the internal and external relations of the school through this mechanism, follow the laws of education, constantly improve and strengthen the work of the school and improve the quality of education. Through this mechanism, we can monitor enthusiasm and results. Dialectical materialism tells us that the external cause is the condition and the internal cause is the foundation of the movement and change of things, and the external cause works through the internal cause. The fundamental purpose of school education supervision is to urge school administrators to constantly improve their working attitudes and methods, improve their own management level, enable teachers to constantly adjust their education and teaching strategies and strive to improve the quality of education. Therefore, only through the joint efforts of supervisors and supervisees can school education supervision achieve the expected results.
Therefore, careful and solid ideological and political work must be done before the supervision work is carried out. Organize the faculty and staff of the whole school to seriously study education laws and policies, school rules and regulations, and relevant knowledge of education science and management science. Constantly improve everyone's ideological understanding and clarify the purpose of the work and the standardization and scientificity of the work. So that supervisors can carry out their work objectively, fairly and scientifically, and the supervised personnel can participate in this work seriously and actively, thus continuously improving the school management level and education quality.
2. Stick to the plan, focus on the whole, and explore more in combination and infiltration.
School education supervision is still a new job in our country, so we must deal with the relationship with the daily work of the school, otherwise it will become an extra task outside the normal work of the school, adding new troubles and making all departments of the school have coping psychology. The reason for this phenomenon is not the educational work itself, but the poor organization and working methods. The implementation of school education supervision and other school work should not be divided into two things, but should focus on the whole school work, consciously combine the two, blend in and run through the whole process of school work, and gradually bring school education, teaching and management into the track of running the school according to the requirements of the evaluation index system of school education supervision. Only in this way can we realize the integration of the two, promote each other and complement each other.
(1) The school year plan and semester plan should be combined with the school education supervision plan and penetrate each other.
The formulation of school plans should be based on the index system of school education supervision and evaluation, that is, the requirements of various standards should be decomposed into various departments and incorporated into the work plan in combination with the actual situation. Plans made by various departments should also refer to the index system of supervision and evaluation.
Under normal circumstances, education supervision is a cycle every year, and all departments of the school are supervised once, that is, the supervision office, teaching and research group, grade group and school district primary school every semester. These should be arranged in detail in the school work plan and the school education supervision plan to avoid blindness and randomness in the work; At the same time, it also avoids conflicts with other jobs.
School management objectives, education objectives and school education supervision index system are actually the same. Therefore, in our daily work, we always aim at the target, so that no matter whether it is the school work inspection or the school education supervision inspection, such problems will not occur and we will definitely achieve the established goals of the school.
(2) the combination of individual self-examination and self-evaluation with the overall evaluation of the school at the end of the term or the end of the school year.
Every staff member should work hard in accordance with the supervision and evaluation standards formulated by the school, make a summary once a week and once a month, and make a written summary in combination with the school work at the middle and end of the term, find problems in the summary, and constantly improve in the summary. Instead of taking the summary as the work of the school supervisor, we should improve the scientificity and initiative of the work. Schools should fully respect and combine the results of personal self-examination and self-evaluation when carrying out supervision work. Only with the active participation and serious cooperation of the supervised person can this kind of supervision work be effective.
(3) School supervision should be balanced, combined and infiltrated with other school activities, and strive for practical results.
It is inevitable for schools to have such activities every semester, such as health inspection, establishment of civilized schools and model schools, teachers' teaching basic skills competition, and public teaching activities in teaching areas. Then the school can supervise these activities before, during and after. If the supervision work is carried out before other activities, it is ready for other activities; If we supervise the activities, we can save manpower, material resources and time; If the supervision work is carried out after the activity, it can promote the maintenance of the activity results. No matter what kind of supervision method is adopted, it should be arranged in an overall way according to the actual situation.
(4) The arrangement of supervision and evaluation data should be combined with school archives work. As far as possible, the inspections are sorted according to the supervision and evaluation index system to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the information, and at the same time, the supervision information is kept and used with reference to the school archives.
In short, if the school education supervision work is carried out in this way, this work will not be divorced from the normal work of the school, nor will it increase the workload of various departments and affect the normal work order of the school; This will promote the development of school work, make the goal of school work more clear and the implementation more planned, and make school work and school education supervision work on the road of standardization and legalization. At the same time, it is conducive to the creative work of various departments, and can sum up experience in time and popularize it in work.
School education supervision is a brand-new school work, which is different from the supervision of school work by national, provincial, municipal and county supervision departments. Its supervision focuses on "supervising teaching" and "supervising learning", on "guiding" and on the effect of "guiding"