The hybrid business of our local chicken and foreign broiler is called chicken production of local chicken.
From the seed point of view, local hybrid chickens can be used for two-line hybrid method and three-line four-line hybrid method, but no matter from any aspect, the appearance of commercial chickens is basically the same.
From the appearance, the colors can be divided into red feather, yellow feather, horse feather and Kuroha, and the colors of feet can be divided into black feet, green feet and yellow feet, such as black-bone chicken breeds and miscellaneous black-bone chickens.
Local hybrid chickens make full use of the excellent characteristics of domestic and foreign breeds and local breeds, so the commercial chickens produced on a large scale by parents have good egg laying performance, and the commercial chickens and meat develop rapidly, which is suitable for consumers and has a broad market. Farmers raise chickens with low cost and high price. It can achieve the goal of earning local chickens, which has formed a new industry.
The main type of economic local hybrid chicken is the fast-growing type: this kind of hybrid chicken has strong feet because of its high genetic relationship with broilers, and the large individual is generally 50 days and weighs 2 kilograms. This kind of meat is generally suitable for producing meat pieces or roast chicken, and the feed conversion rate is about 2.2.
2. Medium-speed type: the genetic component of medium-sized broilers, the growth speed is slower than that of fast-growing chickens and faster than that of native breeders, generally 70? At the age of 90 days, the weight can reach 2 kg, the meat quality is good, and it is suitable for all kinds of eating methods, and the feed conversion rate is about 2.5.
High-quality type: this type of local mixed chicken reduces or excludes the blood of broilers, with slow growth speed and thin legs. Generally, it is 90- 100 days old and weighs about 1.8kg, with fresh meat and unique flavor. The conversion rate of the most popular feed is less than 3.
For example, meat can be used to upgrade the grades of the above three types of chickens at a higher price in the market.
Farming method
The feeding management of local hybrid chickens is basically the same, and the main technical measures compared with other chickens are as follows:
1 brooding: the success or failure of brooding depends on the focus of survival rate and the following points:
① Temperature: When chicks are hatched and bought back, the temperature should be controlled at 34-35℃ in the first week, and decreased by 2℃ every week from the second week until the sixth week. The temperature is far and warm. Insulation depends on how many chickens, chicken cartons and light bulbs there are. The chickens that will be on the market are all in boxes, hung in 60W light bulbs and put a bottle of water at the same time. The manger, chicken nursery and indoor coal stove are used for heating, but soot is applied outside the iron pipe. In order to ensure the accurate temperature and observe the state of chicks, a thermometer should be hung and feces should be treated at the same time.
(2) Illumination: 24-hour illumination is needed in the first week of brooding to ensure chicken feed and water, and to promote economic growth and development day and night. After 2 hours a week, the number of illumination is reduced until the evening. Lighting and heat preservation can be combined with cartons for brooding, but it is far from enough. In the case of temperature, add water to boil, wrap it in a container and put it on the heater.
③ stocking density: 1- 14 days old, 50? 60 yuan /m2, 15-2 1 day-old 35-40/m2, 2 1-44-day-old 25 yuan /m2, after 60 days 12 yuan /m2. After shutdown, the temperature should be kept in the cage, raised or stocked, as long as the density does not exceed the above standards.
④ Feed and drinking water: within 24 hours after the chicks are hatched, let them freely eat the drinking water on the bucket to feed them, and at the same time put in a glass of clear water. Drink cold boiled water 20 days before brooding, and then drink well water or tap water. Because chicks have less feed, metabolism can prevent nutritional deficiency, so drinking water containing 8-10% glucose and water-soluble multivitamins must be added on10.
Feed temperature:
After 40 days of chick education, you can not keep warm, but the temperature can not change too much. In rainy and windy weather in winter, the indoor temperature should be kept above 65438 05℃, and the cultivation methods are as follows:
① Keeping chickens in cages for heat preservation has the advantages of making full use of space, avoiding chickens from touching feces and reducing the labor intensity of breeders. However, the disadvantage is that the chicken's chest and legs are prone to pathological changes due to long-term feeding.
② Feeding: Feeding can be divided into online feeding and ground feeding. Online feeding is the same cage, but the activity of chickens has increased, and incurable diseases, of course, cost more; Raising the level of rice straw, chaff and rapeseed shells littered on cement floor mats to feed chickens has the advantages of saving costs, and it is not easy for chickens with breast and leg lesions, because there are many littering activities that need to be replaced in local chickens, and chickens that defecate directly on the floor mats may cause these diseases.
(3) Stocking: In the morning, when chickens are outdoors and exposed to sunlight, when they are looking for food with soil mineral feed and insects, they are fed supplementary feed in the henhouse at noon and at night. The advantage of this method is to let the chicken return to nature. Chicken is a very good place with high price and insufficient space, so its scale is limited. This method is suitable for a few backyard farmers.
Feed and feed selection:
Different from broilers, its growth rate is higher than the standard feeding stage of broiler feed, so it should not be divided among broilers.
① 1-22 days old: feed and broiler feed at this stage. Feed nutrition standard: metabolic energy is 2900 kcal/kg, and crude protein is 265438 0%.
②22-44 days old: the feed in the broiler feed, and the nutritional components of the feed: metabolic energy of 2950 kcal/kg, crude protein 18%.
(3) In 44 days, broiler feed was put on the market. The nutrient content of feed is 3000 kcal/kg, and the metabolic capacity of crude protein is 16% ~ 17%. The growth rate is very slow, and the quality of local hybrid chickens can be kept for a long time, which can be reduced to 65,438+05% crude protein.
No matter what feed has a balanced amino acid, the price is moderate. Local chickens can't feed the crude protein content of feed for a long time, otherwise it will lead to urate deposition and cause dead chickens. All kinds of feed can be eaten freely without restriction.
disease prevention
1, immune program chicken
Local hybrid chickens have been injected with Marek's Tony in breeding farms. The immunization procedures for other diseases are as follows for reference.
1-3 days old: Newcastle disease+branched bivalent vaccine, eyes and nose;
Age: 12- 14 days: bursa of fabricius falls or drinks water;
23-25? Age: bursa of fabricius seedling drops (two exemptions);
30-32 days old: Newcastle disease+bronchitis polyvalent Tony (oil vaccine) injection, chicken vaccinia vaccination;
60 days old: intramuscular injection of Newcastle disease ⅰ vaccine.
Within 60 days after prevention, according to the actual situation.
2. Joint control
① Control and treatment of viral diseases:
1. Newcastle disease (chicken plague): The typical feature of this disease is dead chickens, with yellow-green feces and punctate bleeding in glandular stomach. Newcastle disease IV vaccine can be used to point the nose and control the death after three days.
B, the main symptoms of infectious bursal disease in chickens are: rapid and massive death, bleeding spots in chest muscles and thigh muscles, severe bursal disease, suppuration, and the condition is controlled after 2-3 days of using high-immunity yolk injection; /a & gt；
Symptomatic treatment of infectious bronchitis in chicken: the main symptoms are cough, increased drinking water and feces, kidney swelling antidote, and water. According to the oral instructions, I also chose to treat with vitamin electrolyte balance drugs.
Avian influenza is a disease caused by influenza virus. Among many virus serotypes, the first two most common dead chickens are highly virulent, while the latter is rare, but the growth and development of chickens and eggs are affected. Or try to control mental virus and amantadine, but the effect is limited. Preventive effect of oil seedling injection.
② Treatment of other diseases:
Mycoplasmasis: The pathogen mycoplasma (mycoplasma) is similar to bronchitis, and can be treated with the following drugs after the onset:
Ciprofloxacin:
Enrofloxacin is added to 100 kg feed 15 g, 10 g feed 100 kg water for 3-5 days; : 100 kg feed plus 25 g or 100kg water plus15 g for 3-5 days;
In addition, erythromycin mycoplasma, tylosin and doxycycline are effective for this disease.
Coccidiosis: The pathogen is protozoa, which is mainly characterized by red feces. It can be treated with 10% furazolidone plus feed, or treated with Keqiu powder and chlorobenzylamine salt according to the instructions. Some of these drugs are used in the early stage, so we should pay attention to some prevention.
C. Intestinal parasitic diseases: The main symptoms of chicken are weight loss, slow growth, excretion of fecal parasites, levamisole, 50 mg per kg body weight for oral treatment, and ivermectin mixed feed for treatment or prevention, and used according to the indicated dose.
In addition, common chicken diseases, such as colibacillosis, pullorum disease, fowl cholera and mycoplasma disease, can also be treated with traditional Chinese medicine in China.
Prevention is more important than cure. Once the disease occurs, it not only takes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also a lot of doses, and the drug residues in meat products are often unqualified, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, chickens began to pay attention to the disinfection and vaccination plan of environment and health in order to achieve the expected goal.