(A) social mobility and its rationality

Social mobility refers to the change of social class or stratum, specifically refers to the change of individuals or groups from one social status or social stratum to another, and refers to the rise and fall of people's status and occupation in social stratum within the scope of social structure. Social mobility is not only manifested in the change of personal social status, but also in the change of personal social role. In modern society, social status and social positions associated with it are always closely related to occupations, so social mobility is mainly manifested in the changes of individuals among various professional positions. Reasonable social mobility should be conducive to social stability, harmony, development and progress, as well as fair and just mobility based on personal ability and performance. It is generally believed that in a society with a huge social middle layer, the distribution of social resources is generally reasonable, the gap in economic and social distribution is relatively small, and the conflicts and contradictions of interests among all social strata are not great. Such a society is the most stable, harmonious and sustainable. For individuals, to promote the full development of their natural potential and maximize the realization of their personal value, upward mobility is not limited by birth and low economic status.

(B) the two-way relationship between education and social mobility

Social mobility is an important feature and development trend of modern society. With the revolution of science and technology and the rise of the tertiary industry, the horizontal mobility has been accelerated and popularized, the motive force of vertical mobility has become stronger and stronger, and its standards have also emphasized the self-induction of individuals, so the relationship between education and social mobility has become closer.

1. The restriction and influence of social mobility on education

Social mobility plays a restrictive and influential role in education. First of all, the degree of social mobility affects the functional changes of education. Due to the lack of social mobility in traditional society, the main function of education is to convey culture and symbolic identity; Due to the high mobility of modern society, the choice function of education's economic function is more prominent. Secondly, the social mobility model affects the education model. Because competitive mobility promotes individuals to obtain excellent positions through hard work and encourages students to participate in competition and move upward in educational goals, the course has the characteristics of comprehensiveness and multi-electivity, which trains students not to be afraid of failure and innovation and makes them different later. Sponsored mobility advocates the goal of talent education, early differentiation and training, and the nature of courses is quite different, so as to cultivate students' awareness and ability in their proper place. Third, the trend of social mobility affects educational reform and educational structure. The flow trend of modern society is that horizontal flow is universal, vertical flow is upward and competitive flow is dominant. Therefore, education reform should select and allocate manpower according to the needs of social structure, strengthen vocational and technical education, and cultivate students' competitive consciousness and ability. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the educational structure to meet the needs of diversified talents and meet the requirements of social democratization. Fourthly, social mobility also influences educational thoughts, educational aspirations and personal achievement motives by influencing values. Modern society has great mobility, and the pursuit of fame and fortune is more through our own efforts, so the functional value of education is raised, educational thoughts tend to be individual-oriented, and learning motivation mostly stems from the pursuit of higher social status and role.

2. The role of education in social mobility

Sociologist Harvey Hurst pointed out that with the continuous progress of society, education will become the main way for individuals to move upward. People are increasingly convinced that high-speed social mobility, especially through education, will reduce the waste of talents among poor children and make economic, social and political activities more efficient.

Education is also the driving force to promote the rationalization of social professional structure. With the development of society and the gradual improvement of population quality, the educational level required by various occupations for employment is also rising, and it is more and more common for employers to choose employees through academic qualifications. Collins's "1938- 1947 American national survey" and "1967 San Francisco survey" show that the occupational structure has been designed in the education system. The popularization and development of education in Sichuan also affects the form of social mobility. It is precisely because of the popularization and development of education that society has moved from the traditional past to the open modern, and competitive social mobility and large-scale horizontal mobility have emerged. With the implementation of the strategy of "harmonious society" and the action of "industry feeding back agriculture" in China, the social distance and economic income difference between different classes are gradually narrowing, and the main difference between different classes will be the consumption form and leisure way which are greatly influenced by the education level.

Second, strategies and ways to promote rational social mobility through education

(A) to promote the balanced development of compulsory education

The balanced development of compulsory education is the requirement of social equity, which is beneficial for children in poor and backward areas to fully enjoy the right to education, provide support and guarantee for them to participate in competition and realize upward mobility in the future, and ensure the realization of education's function of promoting rational social mobility from the source. However, due to various reasons, the balanced development of education in China is not satisfactory. In fact, there are huge educational inequalities between regions, between urban and rural areas, between key schools and non-key groups, and between strong groups and weak groups. So: (1) Change the investment structure and promote the integration of urban and rural education. Increase the proportion of state investment in education and expand social financing channels. Focus investment on backward areas, rural areas and weak schools to promote the balanced allocation of hardware facilities. Accelerate the process of urbanization, change the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas, and give play to the "cumulative benefits" of superior resources. (2) Rational allocation of teachers' resources to ensure the balanced development of education from the software. Encourage outstanding teachers to teach in backward areas and rural areas and improve their treatment; Establish a "helping mechanism" between urban and rural areas, demonstration schools and weak schools. (3) Eliminate discrimination and establish a relief mechanism for vulnerable groups. Eliminate discrimination against rural children, disabled children and students with learning difficulties, and give special care in study, life and psychology. (4) Establish a diversified evaluation system. Assessment and evaluation schools do not engage in one size fits all. Model schools and weak schools set different levels of evaluation standards, and weak schools can also be evaluated as long as they complete the corresponding objectives and tasks. The educational supervision and evaluation of governments at all levels must be repositioned, and "optimizing the allocation of educational resources and improving weak schools" should be taken as the rigid index for assessing the competent education departments.

(B) to promote the popularization of higher education

In the process of popularization of higher education, the contradiction between quantity and quality has been puzzling higher education. To coordinate the relationship between them, we should first correct the misunderstanding and misreading of Martin Trow's theory of popularization of higher education, and try our best to let elite educational institutions withdraw from the task of popularization; Secondly, according to the principle of "focusing on the changes in the structure and characteristics of higher education" and combining with China's actual national conditions, we will gradually limit the enrollment scale of existing public universities, and focus on establishing a number of higher vocational colleges and private universities to open up new paths and external expansion methods for the expansion of higher education scale. Xie Zuoxu and Wang presided over the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" key project of national education science. Taking the "generation rate" as a parameter, the study found that the current public higher vocational colleges are the breakthrough to narrow the gap of enrollment opportunities for children from all walks of life. Therefore, in the practice of promoting the popularization of higher education, it is particularly important to vigorously develop and build public higher vocational colleges with the government as the main body of foreign expansion investment.

(C) reasonable education confluence and diversion

China's primary education has fully implemented compulsory education, and school-age children must receive basic literacy education as social citizens within a legal period of time, which is a major confluence of the primary stage of education.

Ordinary high schools should abandon the service concept of "the college entrance examination is the only purpose". The education authorities should increase their support and intervention, and implement education diversion in ordinary senior high schools: one part prepares for the college entrance examination, and the other part prepares for employment. On the one hand, it relieves the pressure of college entrance examination, on the other hand, it also meets the large demand of society for medium-skilled talents and promotes the rational flow of society.

The confluence of higher education is mainly manifested in the enrollment of undergraduate and graduate students, which embodies the principle of "acting according to one's abilities" and opens up a fair and reasonable channel for personal promotion. An increase in the demand for openness and fairness; In order to respond to the call of society to improve the quality of education and maintain the credibility of highly educated and diplomas in the public mind, the number must be reduced. How to coordinate the relationship between them is an urgent task to be studied and solved.

After many diversions, education finally merged into continuing education. Continuing education is an educational activity that returns to social schools, adult education colleges and other institutions for further study, further study and training after systematic study in primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools or universities under the national academic education system. Continuing education, with its wide range of objects, flexible forms, diverse educational subjects and high openness, ensures people to adapt to the ever-changing times and put forward new requirements for their careers, thus realizing the sustainable development of social intellectual security and motivation support, and providing the possibility for individuals to re-choose their jobs. The social mobility caused by continuing education has cultivated a social labor force with reasonable talent structure and promoted the transfer of labor force from labor-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries. For individuals, knowledge can be adjusted, combined and promoted to a higher level, and personality can be improved and optimized, thus creating conditions for personal upward social mobility.