1. The definition of the theory:

(1) The definition of language barrier by general special education scholars;

A. communication: it is the exchange of ideas, information or concepts. It can be nonverbal and can be conveyed through body language and facial expressions. The basic conditions of communication are the exporter, the information and the receiver. As long as the exporter can convey his message correctly and completely and the receiver can fully understand this message, it can be considered that the meaning and purpose of communication have been achieved.

B language: it is a set of established symbols or characters produced in systematic spoken language as a tool for human beings to express and receive information.

C. Spoken language: it is to express language by audio or oral means. As a way of communication between people, it is called spoken language.

The production of speech includes the following four processes:

(a) Breathing creates the energy of pronunciation.

(2) Vocalization is to produce sound through the vibration of vocal cords.

(3) resonance is to make the voice have unique characteristics, so as to identify the speaker.

(d) A clear sound is a phoneme produced by the movement of the mouth and tongue.

Damage to any of these processes will lead to language anomalies, but it may not interfere with language learning or reading and writing. Hearing loss can also lead to language abnormalities. If a child can't hear his own voice, it is difficult for him to speak. Communication abnormality refers to speech and language abnormality, speech abnormality refers to speech clarity or fluency abnormality, and language abnormality refers to the difficulty in understanding language symbol system, that is, the development of listening, speaking, reading and writing ability is impaired.

D cromer's definition of language abnormality is that it is not an abnormality caused by other obstacles (such as hearing impairment, mental retardation and personality abnormality). (Kirk, Gallagher & Anastacio, 8th Edition)

(2) Medical definition:

A speech disorder: refers to those who have abnormal phenomena in speech formation, fluency, pronunciation or the combination of the above.

B secondary speech disorder: speech disorder caused by abnormal language, that is, speech disorder caused by difficulty in language understanding, or speech disorder caused by abnormal language combined with abnormal language.

C developmental speech disorder: due to congenital brain learning abnormality, the individual's ability to learn to speak is impaired.

D mixed speech disorder: individuals have problems or difficulties in the physiological structure of speech, brain learning and language understanding, which leads to mixed speech disorder.

(3) Linguistics: Any abnormality in pronunciation, semantics, grammar, pragmatics, language expression and language cognition, or slow or abnormal language development can be regarded as a language barrier. (Lv Yici &; Palace lady)

(4) Definitions related to language communication level:

A language barriers: individuals have barriers in transmitting their specific concepts or information according to the rules of the language system, or individuals have barriers in interpreting or receiving information. This disorder is related to the dysfunction of the higher cranial nerve system.

B. physical obstacles can be divided into two types.

(1) Physiological organs related to pronunciation, such as breathing, phonation, articulation, resonance and rhythm. Everything is out of order, that is, the information output system is out of order.

(2) There are obstacles in the auditory process, movement perception and inherent feeling related to speech perception or articulation movement perception, that is, there are obstacles in the information input system. (Mao, Xu Zeming, Min 8 1)

2. Statutory definition

(1) ASHA's definition of abnormal speech and verbal communication;

A speech abnormality refers to the impairment of the clarity and fluency of a speech sound, which can be observed during communication.

(1) Abnormal sound refers to the absence or abnormality of sound quality, tone, volume, resonance, length or combination.

(b) Abnormal pronunciation refers to abnormal speech production.

(3) Abnormal fluency refers to the abnormal fluency of Chinese expression, accompanied by the speaker's struggling behavior.

B language abnormality refers to the difficulty in understanding or using the language (or both), the difficulty in listening, speaking, reading and writing the language, or the incomplete development of other character numbering systems.

(2) According to the fourth paragraph of Article 15 of China's Special Education Law, language barrier refers to obvious deviation or slowness in language understanding or language expression compared with people of the same age, resulting in communication difficulties.