Northern Rock was born on July 1865 in Sha Pelizzo, near Dublin, Ireland, the eldest son of a down-and-out lawyer. From 65438 to 0867, he moved to London with his parents. He edited the school magazine when he was a student at Henry House Middle School in West Hamster. This magazine was originally published in the form of a manuscript, and later it was printed. He printed it himself in his spare time. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he gave up the idea of going to Cambridge University because of his father's death and went to find Jerome, editor-in-chief of Hammerstead and Hagrid Express, to do odd jobs. Later, Northern Rock became the secretary and companion of Sir Learford's son and traveled widely in Europe.

After returning to London, 17-year-old Beiyan became an assistant editor of Youth magazine, writing articles for Morning Post and San Zhan Mu Bulletin, and began to attract the attention of the press. 1884, because of William Ilf's appreciation, he was hired to work in the editorial department of Coventry travel magazine. After working for a year and a half, Northern Rock decided to resign. Although William Ileve decided to pay a high annual salary of 1 1,000, hoping that Northern Rock could stay, Northern Rock believed that his career should be in London. So he decided to return to London, when he was only 2 1 year old.

1886, he returned to London to start his career. He and his friend Carl first published cheap books in London, one of which was written by himself, entitled How to Make a Living, but the business didn't make any money. Soon, he turned his attention to journalism.

Northern Rock was deeply influenced by two famous journalists from Britain and France, who made a lot of money by running newspapers and periodicals. One is George Newens of Britain (1851-1910). 188 1 year, Didi magazine was successfully established, and its sales volume quickly reached 700,000 copies. The other is that marino published Little Daily, and by the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, its sales volume reached 700,000 copies. Northern Rock analyzed the situation in Britain at that time: after the promulgation of the education bill of 1870, a large number of new readers came into being, and he thought it was time to start a "popular" newspaper. At that time, I worked in Women's Pictorial, and I was particularly impressed by the column "Reply to Letters from Readers". So on June 2nd, 1888, he founded the magazine Answering Readers' Contributions (hereinafter referred to as Answering). This magazine is a comprehensive weekly, with popular science knowledge as its main content. It issued 12000 copies as soon as it was founded, and the sales volume reached 48,000 copies a year later. At that time, the manager was his brother Harold harms Voss, who was a shrewd business manager and was good at promoting distribution. Under his auspices, the Answer magazine of Northern Rock held a "guessing treasure" (also translated as "guessing prize") competition for readers. The content is to guess the amount of gold and silver deposited in the Bank of England (based on1889165438+1October 4th). According to the rules, people who guess similar numbers will get a pound bonus every week until they die. In London at that time, prices were quite cheap, wages were generally not high, and there was no retirement pension system. A pound a week is not a small economic income. Therefore, this activity has attracted the general attention of the general public from the beginning, which is very attractive. As a result, the number of people participating in this activity is amazing and unprecedented. The sales volume of Answer magazine suddenly surged from 350,000 to 700,000, and soon reached 6.5438+00,000. This year, Northern Rock's Answer magazine made a net profit of 50,000 pounds. At the same time, other marketing and publicity methods are also in full swing. In addition, Northern Rock and his younger brother co-founded various other magazines, such as Funny Selected Works, Don't Forget Me, Sweet Home and Round Flag. , have achieved certain success, thus laying an economic foundation for the North Research Institute and preparing conditions for the North Research Institute to become a newspaper industry in the future.

1894 In August, Northern Rock bought London Evening News for 25,000. He reformed the newspaper to make its articles concise and easy to read, and added pictures, sports pages and crime reports, and recovered his investment in the first year. It was the establishment of the Daily Mail that made Northern Rock a famous journalist in Britain. This newspaper is also regarded as a model of British popular newspapers and the beginning of modern British bourgeois newspapers. Its appearance has brought the British newspaper industry into a new era of dividing popular newspapers and high-end newspapers.

From 65438 to 0896, Northern Rock founded the Daily Mail in London. He made full preparations and a lot of publicity work for the establishment of this newspaper. The trial version invested a lot of manpower and material resources and cost 40 thousand pounds. During the whole 1 1 week, the newspaper staff went all out, but only printed a trial version every night. Northern Rock sent people to post advertisements everywhere, which read: "The magic daily mail will be launched on May 4th"; "This is a busy man's newspaper, and this is a poor man's newspaper!" And indicate that this is a "half-money tabloid". Before the newspaper was officially published, he published posters in newspapers for several days. There are four short editorials in the first issue of the Daily Mail. The first editorial says that the Daily Mail is cheap and concise, and you can read all the news for half a penny. This is a busy newspaper. Because this newspaper uses the latest British and American machines in typesetting, printing and distribution, it can reduce the cost by 30% to 50%, and the price is only half that of ordinary newspapers. Among the three highlights of the inaugural issue, one was about the car problem that almost no one knew at that time. Beiyan has firm confidence in the future of the car and has become an excellent driver.

The Daily Mail publishes eight editions every day. One edition of the Daily Magazine, which is the first supplement to a British newspaper, publishes articles about news background and women's interests. This newspaper imitates American newspapers in layout, title and news genre. The editorial policy is easy to understand, so that readers with lower education level can understand it. He said: "Don't think that politics and diplomacy are difficult to understand or arranged by a few people. I can give you a clear analysis. " Northern Rock's efforts in these aspects once attracted the ridicule of Lord Salisbury, calling the newspaper "the workers' newspaper".

The main readers of the Daily Mail are the middle class, workers and women. Northern Rock hired first-class journalists with high salaries and sent them to some important cities in the world, and quickly reported such major events as 1896 US presidential election, 1897 Turkish-Greek war, Lord Coates' appointment as Indian governor, and Anglo-Greek war. From 65438 to 0899, Britain launched the Boer War to invade South Africa. The newspapers in London didn't realize the importance of the war. Only Northern Rock Daily Mail collects battle reports from various sources and reports them continuously. The first issue of the newspaper issued 390,000 copies, reaching 1902, with sales exceeding 1 10,000 copies. 1900 published the northern edition in Manchester, and later published the overseas edition of Daily Mail and the European edition of Daily Mail. The political status and influence of Northern Rock have improved with the development of its journalism. In the first imperialist world war, he tried his best to support the British war against Germany. 1965438+On May 2, 20051day, the Daily Mail published an article in Beiyan, severely criticizing Marshal Ken Chenel. Its title is: The Tragedy of Shells, The Serious Mistake of Lord Ken Chenel. After the article was published, it caused an uproar, and Northern Rock was immediately attacked by a powerful and overwhelming advantage. The Daily Mail was publicly burned in stock exchanges and other places. Many clubs and public libraries prohibit subscriptions, and letters and telegrams of protest flood in. The local government passed a resolution condemning the Daily Mail, but Northern Rock did not give in and continued to publish articles to state his views. Soon, the wave against him began to subside. When the Ministry of Military Supplies mobilized the national factories to increase production, public opinion changed completely, and Beiyan became a famous politician in wartime. On the one hand, he continued to actively support the war against Germany through his newspaper. On the other hand, he went to various fronts many times, including those of Britain, France, Belgium, Italy and the United States, and kept close contact with various staff officers. Before the United States entered the war, Northern Rock was invited to be the British ambassador to Washington, but left without saying goodbye. 1965438+In June 2007, the government appointed him as the head of the British military delegation to lead a huge delegation to visit the United States. At that time, he was made Viscount Northcliffe of St. Peter. 19 18 In February, Beiyan served as the "director of propaganda against the enemy" and presided over the propaganda work against Germany. He threw millions of propaganda materials at the Germans by plane. Northern Rock's "paper bomb" offensive played a very important role in disintegrating German morale.

192 1 At the beginning of the year, Beiyan began to travel around the world on the advice of doctors. 1 1 visited China and interviewed the history of Shenbao. 1922 paralyzed on the way home. He died in London on August 4th, 65438. After the death of Northern Rock, Taizhaoshi Newspaper was awarded to Colonel Astor, and its "Northern Rock Newspaper Group" continued to be presided over by its brother Sir Rothermere.