Xueji is an ancient educational paper in China, an article in the Book of Rites, a monograph on ancient laws and regulations in China, and the earliest document devoted to education and teaching in the history of the world. It is generally believed that this is the work of China Meng Si School at the end of the Warring States Period. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author is Ke, a student of Mencius.

The Book of Learning appeared more than 300 years earlier than quintilian's The Education of Speakers. It is earlier than Comenius' great teaching theory, the father of modern education 1800 years. Therefore, Xue Ji is also the earliest educational document in the history of world education.

This paper expounds the purpose and function of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and function of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education, and systematically and comprehensively summarizes the educational experience of pre-Qin period in China. He is concise, vivid in metaphor, fluent in style and artistic to some extent.

Principles of education and teaching in Xue Ji:?

1. Prevention principle: "nip in the bud, it is called prejudgment", which requires students to anticipate all kinds of possible bad tendencies in advance and take preventive measures in advance.

2. The principle of timely teaching: "Call when you can", and education should arrange appropriate teaching content according to the age characteristics and psychological status of students.

3. Step by step principle: "Don't pay attention to festivals in class", that is, the learning content should be in order, and teachers are required to teach according to the difficulty and logical structure of knowledge itself.

4. Learn the observation principle: "Look at each other well, this is called friction". In the process of learning, students should learn from each other and improve together, not only concentrate on their studies, but also integrate into the collective.

5, the principle of saving the lost: "A teacher has four losses, and the teacher must know it. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different. Know your heart before you can recover your losses. " Teachers should understand the different psychological tendencies of different students and help them develop their strengths and overcome their weaknesses.

6. The principle of inspiration and induction: "The teaching of a gentleman is also metaphorical." "Tao leads, strong and restrained, open and fruitful." Teachers guide students, but don't lead students by the nose; Supervise and encourage, but not force and suppress; Open students' minds and do not provide ready-made answers.