On July 2, Xicheng District 202 1 Primary School Multi-school Scribing Enrollment Intention Report was officially launched. Some parents in Desheng and Yuetan school districts found that the schools corresponding to their "ideal" houses did not have redundant degrees, and even many schools in the school districts did not have degrees. If you want your child to go to school, you can only choose a school in the adjacent school district.
Most of the parents who met this situation bought houses after July 3, last year. For a time, the news of the implementation of "real schools" in Xicheng District instantly exploded among parents. These parents didn't expect that they spent huge sums of money to buy the school districts in Desheng and Yuetan, but in the end they couldn't even rank among the worst primary schools in the district.
In fact, as early as April 30 last year, the "Implementation Opinions on Admission to Compulsory Education in 2020" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions") issued by the Xicheng District Education Commission has already explained the multi-school scribing. The "Opinions" pointed out that since July 3, 2020, school-age children who bought houses in Xicheng District and obtained real estate licenses applied for primary school, they all adopted the "multi-school dicing" method to enroll in their own school district or adjacent school districts; From the year when the real estate address is used for enrollment, only one enrollment degree will be provided within 6 years.
The so-called "multi-school dicing" means that the purchase of real estate in a community no longer corresponds to a single school, but to the degrees of multiple schools in the region, and students allocate the enrollment places of nearby schools through random allocation.
Five years after proposing "multi-school scribing", the Beijing Municipal Education Commission finally got serious. This also means that even if you buy the school district room corresponding to the school district of your favorite primary school, you can't guarantee that you can go to primary school, and even the nearby primary schools are no longer certain.
There are many schools in Xicheng District, Li Xing, and the school district cannot guarantee the nearest entrance.
If Xicheng District concentrates many high-quality educational resources in Beijing, Desheng and Yuetan two school districts are the pearls in the crown, which have been shining in the eyes of countless parents for many years.
It is reported that there are 1 1 school districts in Xicheng District, among which Desheng, Yuetan and Financial Street are the three school districts with the most concentration of "old-fashioned cattle primary schools" and high-quality middle schools. Among them, Desheng and Yuetan are more welcomed by parents who are "young to small" because of the relatively balanced distribution of key primary schools. In recent years, the housing prices of these two school districts have been rising all the way in Beijing. At present, the average price is about170,000 ~180,000 yuan/square meter, which is higher than the surrounding school districts100 ~ 30,000 yuan/square meter.
In the eyes of parents who pursue school districts, although the conditions of school districts in this area are not high-quality, most of them are "old and young", but buying a house here is equivalent to holding an admission ticket for a key university in advance.
"As soon as the results of the college entrance examination and the senior high school entrance examination come out every year, the price of the Beijing school district will fluctuate accordingly." A professional who has long enjoyed a good reputation among parents for interpreting the policy of entering a higher school told the reporter of China Economic Weekly. Judging from the annual admission rate of each district, especially the admission rates of Qingbei, Haidian, Xicheng and Dongcheng undoubtedly have great educational advantages. For most parents who seek his advice, the most anxious thing is not whether they can go to college, but whether they can go to high school.
"Judging from the general admission situation in previous years, the general admission rate of the senior high school entrance examination in Beijing is around 69%, which means that 30% of junior high school graduates can't go to ordinary high schools. Among them, Haidian has the highest penetration rate, about 97%. The eastern and western cities are around 90%. Also in Beijing, the general high rate of Chaoyang is less than 70%, which determines that these three districts are the three places where Beijing's quality education resources are concentrated. " The above professionals told the reporter of China Economic Weekly.
According to the reporter of China Economic Weekly, for many years, the enrollment of compulsory education in Beijing has always adopted the mode of "enrollment with the district". The so-called "enrollment in the district" means that students go to the school where the school district scribes, which is often called "single school scribing". Due to the shortage of degrees, the admission standard for "single school scribing" registration is "ranking", and priority is given to admission according to ranking. The lower the ranking, the smaller the chance of admission to a single school. The first place is that the hukou and real estate are in the corresponding school district. This also means that the purchase of school districts has become the simplest school selection channel to obtain high-quality educational resources.
In 20 16, an article "Who bought the high-priced school district in Beijing" once became popular on social platforms. The article pointed out that a room with only 15 square meters in Wenchang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, sold for a high price of 460,000 yuan/square meter. The school corresponding to this house is Beijing Experimental No.2 Primary School. Since then, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission has issued a document requesting all district education commissions to "reasonably carry out single-school scribing or multi-school scribing" according to factors such as the number of school-age students, school distribution, school district, school size and traffic conditions.
This is the first time that the Beijing Municipal Education Commission has proposed multi-school scribing enrollment. According to the professionals mentioned above, although multi-school scribing is mentioned in the documents issued by the district education committees every year, from the specific implementation situation, "single school scribing" is still the main one. The reporter also noticed that every year near May, there will be discussions on issues such as "There are more real schools or more fake schools in XX District this year" on major social platforms. Judging from the answers, many parents are lucky enough to think that even if multi-school scribing is carried out, they will enter the school nearby and will not be carried out outside the district.
It is with this mentality that Wang Xi bought the school district in Desheng District in June165438+1October last year. Like most parents who bought a house after the "July 31"policy, she only bought a house to "guarantee the bottom" considering that the distribution of educational resources in Desheng and Yuetan school districts is relatively balanced. Unexpectedly, even the worst primary school in the local area was not saved. Of the six schools to choose from, the house price in the school district was 30 thousand yuan less than the starting price of her house at that time.
"In the past, much cry and little rain. I didn't expect to be so strict this time. It seems serious. The house we are buying now was built in the 1990s. Without the blessing of educational attributes, the market value will definitely be greatly reduced. The depreciation of the house is one thing, and the biggest problem is going to school. At the beginning, I bought the house here to facilitate my degree and school, and now the school I transferred to is only five or six kilometers away. What I am most depressed about now is not the house price, but that I didn't make a decision earlier and bought a house before 7.3 1, which affected my children's schooling. " Wang Xi told reporters with chagrin.
The policy of "multi-school scribing" has been further increased, and Beijing has even introduced new policies to cool down the school districts.
In fact, as early as before the multi-school scribing in Xicheng District, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission first proposed "focusing on multi-school scribing" in the compulsory education admission documents released this year, requiring all districts to strictly implement the announced multi-school scribing policy.
On this basis, the policy of "multi-school dicing" has been repeatedly mentioned in the documents issued by various districts this year. Dongcheng District emphasizes that children of families who buy houses after 20 18 12 3 1 will be enrolled in many schools in Dongcheng District through computers. Chaoyang District reiterated that the children of families who bought houses after June 30, 2007+2065438 should be allocated as a whole. Xicheng and Haidian have also defined the previously stipulated time nodes for implementing multi-school scribing, such as 20 19 1 and July 3, 20201. In addition, some suburban areas also joined the content of "multi-school limited time purchase" for the first time this year. The proposed nodes in Shunyi District are September 1 and 202 1. After this time, family-age children and adolescents who bought real estate in Shunyi District entered school and implemented multi-school scribing. Pinggu District also clearly stipulates that from June 5438+1 October1day in 2022, all new buyers in existing communities will implement multi-school scribing.
At present, the enrollment intention of many schools in various districts of Beijing has been basically completed. According to the reporter's understanding, it is rare for two school districts, such as Desheng and Yuetan, to have the first cross-regional adjustment. Even in the financial street area of Xicheng District, only parents in a lower position have encountered this situation when reporting.
Zhang Dawei, chief analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that the reason for this situation in Desheng and Yuetan school districts is that the number of young students has surged in the last two years. This year, the number of young students in Xicheng is expected to be around 22,000, while the number of graduates in this district this year is only 1.28 million, and the enrollment has doubled in the past six years. Insufficient degree is the most important factor.
"On the one hand, the epidemic has led to the return of education. Some parents who originally considered sending their children abroad chose to study at home. On the other hand, Desheng and Yuetan school districts have been popular choices in recent years, especially after the announcement of the' 7.31'policy last year, the transaction volume of houses surged, and many parents rushed to buy houses before' 7.31',and the number of places in the whole school district was very tight this year. " Zhang Dawei said.
After the news came out, the housing market in Beijing school district was moved by the wind. Many intermediaries engaged in housing sales in Desheng School District, Xicheng District introduced that many ongoing housing transactions have been suspended, and many parents who have plans to buy houses have chosen to wait and see. Some people would rather lose hundreds of thousands of yuan in liquidated damages than give up the original purchase plan. Since it is not the peak period of school district housing transaction at present, only a few parents who hold school district housing have inquired about the price, and it is uncertain whether there will be depreciation of school district housing.
"Affected by the multi-school scribing in Dongcheng and Haidian, the school districts in Desheng and Yuetan were very popular in April and May this year. After all, compared with the situation of the same school district in Haidian, the relative level of primary schools in the two school districts is not much different. This year, each suite has increased by an average of 300,000-400,000 yuan. Now that the policy has come out, I think it may fall back or even more. " An intermediary told the reporter of China Economic Weekly.
With the school district getting hotter and hotter, implementing "multi-school scribing" is like pouring a pot of ice water on this pot of boiling water. However, in the eyes of some people in the industry, the abnormally high housing prices in school districts are only explicit manifestations, and the internal cause is the uneven distribution of educational resources. To solve the problem of school district housing, we can't just rely on "multi-school scribing".
Many policies have been introduced to rectify school districts, and land prices in Shanghai and Shenzhen have all fallen.
Compared with Beijing, Shanghai moves faster.
On June 5438+ 10 this year, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and other departments issued "Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of Personnel Management System for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Shanghai", which mentioned the key information of promoting the rational flow of principals and teachers and optimizing the allocation of resources for primary and secondary school teachers.
According to the above guidance, Shanghai will improve the "reservoir" mechanism of backbone teachers' flow, and focus on promoting the overall and balanced allocation of principals' and teachers' resources in rural schools and "junior high school strong engineering experimental schools". In addition to ensuring that every primary and secondary school teacher in the city has a specified flow record within 10, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission also sets the annual number of teachers in classmate districts and groups, as well as the proportion of teachers in inter-school districts and groups.
On March 16, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission promulgated the "Implementation Measures for the Enrollment Reform of Ordinary Senior High Schools in Shanghai", the core idea of which is that by 2022, every junior high school in Shanghai who does not choose a school can, in principle, get the quota allocated by the city's high-quality senior high schools, so as to ensure the equality among schools to the maximum extent.
This means that some unpopular junior high schools that were not favored by parents in the past have greatly increased their chances of entering high-quality high schools. Under the mechanism of "junior high school", it will also be transmitted to the relevant primary school selection process. Through this mechanism, the quality of students in such primary schools and junior high schools has really improved. Subsequent schools can enjoy more fair enrollment opportunities, which naturally reduces the phenomenon of "grabbing school districts", thus promoting the price reduction of relevant school districts.
"China Economic Weekly" reporter noted that due to the introduction of policies such as balanced education in Shanghai, parents who originally planned to buy school districts had a strong wait-and-see mood.
Miss Lou is one of them. At the beginning of this year, she planned to sell a one-bedroom apartment in Jing 'an (old Zhabei) area of Shanghai and buy Ms. Huang's house. Unexpectedly, this school district house with an original price of 4.5 million yuan became "not fragrant" after a series of policies came out in Shanghai, and now it has fallen to less than 4 million yuan. Miss Lou felt that it was "too bad" to sell now, so she terminated the transaction of this school district house.
"When she took a fancy to my home, it was Chinese New Year ago. The newlyweds want to change to a bigger room. The price has been agreed, 6.23 million yuan, and the deposit is 200,000 yuan. She used to be very assured that the one-bedroom school district in her hand was sold casually. " Ms. Huang told the reporter of China Economic Weekly on July 8, "Because she broke the contract, I was afraid that it would affect my buying a house, so I reduced the price to 610.4 million yuan for the second time. Because I also took a fancy to other houses and am waiting for money to buy them. "
In the interview, the reporter found that in Shenzhen, where housing prices are firm, the price and transaction volume of school districts have also shown a downward trend recently.
"Even the top school districts in Futian are' unable to live' (which means' unable to live' in Cantonese). Should I throw it away? " A seller from Nanshan District, Shenzhen told reporters that the most direct reason for selling a house is the change in the rules of school district housing points. The score of the school district of Shenzhen Bay Science and Technology Park Ecological Park where he is located has dropped from 40 points to 20 points, and the probability of children applying to their favorite schools has dropped significantly. Therefore, you can consider changing rooms in other areas in exchange for high-quality educational resources.
Sellers in Longgang District and Baoan District also gave similar reasons.
"After the introduction of the new regulations on school district division, the school district where our family is located no longer belongs to the exclusive school district of' one-on-one priority admission', but a many-to-many shared school district." A seller in the Spring Community of Laimeng Waterfront in Bao 'an District told the reporter.
Another seller from Longgang District said that since the implementation of the new rules of the university district system in Longgang District, the advantage of real estate points in his school district has declined, which has "downgraded" the total points from one category to three categories. Considering the lack of market competitiveness, the quotation has been lowered.
It is understood that since this year, Shenzhen has accelerated the pace of implementing the university district system. In February, 20021,Longgang District, Shenzhen established the neighborhood university district system, that is, the first volunteer for public welfare chose the school corresponding to the school district, and the scope of other volunteers for public welfare could be extended to the public schools in the whole university district. The ideas of school district reform in other districts are similar, which weakens the role of school district owners in the allocation of quality education resources to some extent.
"At present, the school districts with a large price reduction range from several hundred thousand to several million yuan, which are basically distributed in communities that are greatly affected by the new regulations of school districts in the first quarter. This is not a universal phenomenon. However, I am more worried about the volume rather than the price. " A school district housing agent who has worked in Shenzhen for many years told reporters that he only signed out two school districts in the first half of this year, compared with four last year. Since the first quarter of this year, due to the different progress and specific implementation standards of Shenzhen school district housing reform, choosing the wrong school district housing may lead to the risk that children will not be able to go to school or be diverted, which makes buyers more cautious about school district housing.
China Economic Weekly reporter learned that in recent months, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing, Chengdu and other places have conducted special inspections and interviews with local real estate agencies, focusing on whether there are problems such as selling houses in the name of school districts and speculating on housing prices in the name of school districts.
Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that as far as the school district housing market is concerned, the school district housing in some cities has indeed cooled down. From the direction of follow-up reform, we should not only attach importance to market supervision, but also promote long-term market planning. In the short term, the price supervision of second-hand housing will continue, and the policy of price guidance will help promote the stable and healthy development of this kind of market. In the medium and long term, big cities should actively increase educational facilities, thus forming more educational resources and degree supply.
The key to curb the speculation in school districts is to promote the balanced development of educational resources.
Whether it is multi-school scribing or reforming the allocation quota of high school enrollment, there is only one purpose, that is, to cool the school district to a certain extent, to prevent compulsory education resources from being linked to "wealth" and to ensure educational fairness.
In Zhang Dawei's view, this trans-regional adjustment does not mean the end of the school district housing era. Xicheng has high-quality educational resources, and even the lower-ranked school districts have higher teaching level than suburban counties. The top three school districts in Xicheng will continue this trend in the future, highlighting the cost-effective advantages of other school districts. It is expected that the housing transactions in these school districts will gradually increase in the future.
Educational fairness is the greatest fairness. With the rising price of school districts, the situation that "only those who can afford school districts can enter cattle schools" is becoming more and more serious, which undoubtedly deviates from the public welfare nature of compulsory education.
20 14 The journal Education and Economy published a paper entitled "Choosing Schools, Capitalizing Educational Services and Dividing Residential Areas". The article points out that the distribution of quality education opportunities under the policy of "near school" has changed from the past distribution according to ability to buying a house and choosing a school.
Through empirical research, the author found that in 20 14 years, the average house price in Dongcheng District will increase by 6.8% at every level of school reputation ranking. The promotion of Haidian's ranking stimulated the price more obviously, reaching 13.2%.
"Under the principle of admission nearby, the existence of school districts will not change, especially those with high-quality educational resources. To change the attributes of school districts and speculate on housing prices in the name of school districts, the key is to bridge the gap in educational resources and change the current unbalanced situation of educational resources. " The professionals mentioned above told the reporter of China Economic Weekly: "If this phenomenon is not solved, parents will still try their best to get together into the cattle school by voting separately under the current situation that exam-oriented education is still the main baton. Only when the gap between the enrollment rate of cattle schools and general schools is not as obvious as it is now, it is possible to weaken the concept of school districts. "
The commentary published by CCTV News recently also pointed out that the reason why school districts can become the leader of each round of property market is because of the uneven distribution of educational resources. This round of directional regulation of school districts has sent a very obvious signal. While taking many measures to ensure the fairness of education, we should also keep a high pressure on the speculation of school districts. Let education and housing return to their respective standards, housing is not speculative, education is balanced, school districts are "cold" and education is "hot".
"In the final analysis, we should emphasize the importance of educational equity. If housing is no longer attached with too many attributes, it is necessary to continuously expand the coverage of quality education resources and run every school well so that every child can enjoy quality education. " CCTV said.