1, the subject of education is determined, and there are teachers who take education as their profession;
2. The object of education is relatively stable, and students appear (ruling class);
3. Form a series of cultural communication activities;
4. There are relatively stable venues and facilities for activities;
5. An independent form of social activities composed of the above elements.
2. Institutionalized education: Institutionalized education mainly refers to formal education, that is, it extends from primary school to university. Apart from ordinary academic study, it also includes many professional courses and institutions suitable for full-time vocational and technical training, with a hierarchical structure and an education system graded by age. Institutionalized education refers to all kinds of schools at all levels that form a system.
3. Non-institutionalized education: Non-institutionalized education refers to those forms of education that fail to form relatively independent (in fact, it is also an objective form of education). It has not been divorced from daily production or life, and has become a relatively independent social institution and its institutionalized and organized behavior. It is a kind of "education" closely combined with production and life, such as Combs' concept of informal education and ilych's concept of "school-free society"
Institutionalized education mainly refers to formal education, that is, it extends from primary school to university. In addition to ordinary academic study, it also includes many professional courses and institutions suitable for full-time vocational and technical training. It has a hierarchical structure and is graded according to age. Institutionalized education refers to all kinds of schools at all levels that form a system.
With the maturity of institutionalized education. The development of institutionalized education has increasingly become an important factor in social development, and its influence has penetrated into every corner of society. The contribution of institutionalized education to economic development and its influence on political, cultural and even personal development have been widely accepted by the society. The concept of informal education put forward by Coombs and others and the concept of unschooling advocated by ilych are both representatives of the trend of non-institutionalized education.
It is manifested in the development of social organizations from informal system to formal system, and the process of social system from imperfect to perfect. The specific process of institutionalization can be summarized as follows:
① Establish common values. Through publicity and education, members of groups and organizations are urged to recognize their own interests, establish a consistent value orientation, establish a standardized system, strengthen individual recognition of the organization, integrate personality into the organization, and enhance the cohesion of the group.
(2) formulate specifications. Common values need normative support. According to the common value needs, norms put people's behavior in the same fixed mode, which pays attention to the universality of standards rather than particularity.
③ Establish institutions. The implementation of norms should be guaranteed by organizations, and the process of institutionalization is also the process of establishing and perfecting organizations.
In the study of political science, the core meaning of system refers to the system created by the constitution. Institutional analysis assumes that every organization constructs the behavior of its members, and institutionalization refers to the process in which each organization obtains this influence. The means of institutionalization (influencing its members) include the creation of clearly defined roles (for example, by raising expectations), standardized operating procedures, shared culture and various rules to control behavior.