Formerly known as Basic Theory of Education, it studies the basic theoretical problems in pedagogy and explores the general principles of education. Provide comprehensive research results for the development of educational theory and educational reform. The principle of pedagogy is a basic discipline in pedagogy, which provides theoretical viewpoints and methods for the other two disciplines and provides theoretical basis for the study of various levels of education.
The principle of pedagogy is the basis of the whole postgraduate entrance examination for pedagogy, accounting for 1/3. If you want to get high marks in the postgraduate entrance examination, you must have an overall understanding of pedagogy, so where does this understanding come from? Grasping the principles of pedagogy as a whole is the basis of understanding pedagogy. At the same time, the principle of pedagogy is related to Chinese and foreign educational history, educational psychology and educational research methods, involving all branches of pedagogy, which is the premise of understanding the whole pedagogy. Therefore, mastering the principles of pedagogy is the top priority of the whole pedagogy postgraduate entrance examination.
We can divide the principle of pedagogy into five parts as a whole. The first part, the emergence and development of pedagogy and education. Including the research object, research purpose, educational concept in the development stage of pedagogy, the essence of education, the origin of education, the development process of education and so on. The second part, the influence of education on human and social development. Including the relationship between education and productive forces, politics, culture, science and population, the related influencing factors of education reform, the influence of heredity, environment and education on human development, and the important role of human personality in human development. The third part, educational purpose and educational system. Including the concept of educational purpose, subject theory, the concept of training target education system, China's education system and modern education system reform.
The fourth part, curriculum and teaching. This part is the focus of the principles of pedagogy. It mainly includes the relevant definitions and types of courses, course plans, objectives, implementation and evaluation, as well as the relevant definitions of teaching, teaching process, models and principles of various theoretical schools, teaching organization forms, teaching methods and teaching evaluation. The fifth part is moral education and the relationship between teachers and students. This part includes the concept, process, principles, methods and approaches of moral education, the concept and labor characteristics of various moral education models, teachers' professional development, teachers' rights and obligations, students' rights and obligations, the characteristics of teacher-student relationship and the establishment of teacher-student relationship.
Second, the history of Chinese and foreign education
The history of Chinese and foreign education is one of the most important subjects in the comprehensive examination of pedagogy. In view of the history of Chinese and foreign education, it is very important to grasp clues-candidates should pay special attention to the horizontal and vertical connection of knowledge. We should sort out the ins and outs of things in chronological order vertically, and compare the educational history of China with that of foreign countries horizontally to help us understand. Re-analysis at the same time-the role of learning history is often to better guide the present, so in the review process, we must not learn history in isolation, but pay attention to analysis and evaluation, and at the same time pay attention to accumulating ideas and opinions of analysis and evaluation.
The content of Chinese and foreign education history is very clear, including China ancient education, China modern education, China modern education, foreign ancient education, foreign modern education and foreign modern education. For example, it can be divided into China Education History (the first three chapters) and Foreign Education History (the last three chapters) by region, and it can also be divided into ancient education (the first and fourth chapters), modern education (the second and fifth chapters) and modern education (the third and sixth chapters) by time. From the content, it can also be divided into the history of educational thought and the history of educational system, which can be used to guide the review of Chinese and foreign educational history.
In view of the history of Chinese and foreign education, the review methods are as follows:
1. From macro to micro: Because this part of the content belongs to historical content, candidates must sort out the order of time development and establish the overall consciousness of tracing history. Candidates are advised to explain or dictate when reviewing. Review ideas: whole article-chapter-knowledge points.
2. Clear the level of knowledge: The level of knowledge not only reflects the position of knowledge in the whole educational history system, but also shows the degree that candidates should pay attention to when reviewing. So it's important to know the level of knowledge. According to the requirements of learning level, we divide it into two categories: reciting and understanding. What level should each knowledge point master when reviewing, so as to know fairly well.
3. Pay attention to comparison and connection: Because it is a history of education, candidates need to be specially reminded here: pay attention to the horizontal and vertical connection of knowledge. We should sort out the ins and outs of things in chronological order vertically, and compare the educational history of China with that of foreign countries horizontally to help us understand. It is also necessary for candidates to constantly sum up and find more comparable "points" in the process of problem-solving exercises.
Third, educational psychology.
Educational psychology is a science that studies the basic psychological laws of teaching in middle schools and schools, and it is an interdisciplinary subject between psychology and pedagogy. This paper mainly studies how students learn, how teachers teach and the interaction between learning and teaching, aiming at understanding students' learning psychology and creating an effective teaching environment, such as the utilization of learning resources, the arrangement of learning activities, the design of teacher-student interaction process and the management of learning process, so as to promote students' learning.
The contents of educational psychology mainly include: 1, an overview of educational psychology 2, psychological development and education 3, learning and its theoretical explanation 4, learning motivation 5, knowledge construction, skills and moral learning 6, learning strategy theory. Among them, the relationship between psychological development and education, the basic principles of learning (including connectionism, cognitive and constructivist learning theories), learning motivation theory, learning strategy theory, intelligence theory and creativity cultivation, social norms and moral development are the key chapters.
To review educational psychology, we should do the following three things: first, understand the development process of educational psychology and its main experimental facts; The second is to understand and master the basic concepts and principles of educational psychology and its enlightenment to education; Third, master the basic laws and main theories of educational psychology, and use these laws and theories to explain and explain related educational phenomena and solve related practical problems in education and teaching.
Educational psychology is an abstract and difficult part of pedagogy synthesis. When reviewing, we suggest that you combine your own learning experience and some teaching cases to understand and understand various principles. In addition, there is another method that everyone can adopt, which is the "tree diagram method". When reviewing, you can choose a more representative textbook (authoritative, Contemporary Educational Psychology edited by Liu Rude, Beijing Normal University Edition), and sort out the main clues after reading the whole book. For example, what major issues are involved in the research of educational psychology? What are the main contents involved in each big question? What are the key knowledge points of each content, etc. According to these questions, you can draw a tree diagram to help you understand the internal relationship between "trunk" and "branches" and "branches". Then, on the basis of this tree diagram and referring to other documents, this schema is artificially enriched and improved.
Fourth, educational research methods.
Educational research methods have the characteristics of 1, complicated contents, many knowledge points and independence. 2. Emphasize procedures and operability. 3. Application, emphasizing the connection with practical problems. 4. Diversity of teaching materials and differences of views. Therefore, to learn educational research methods, we need to accurately grasp the basic concepts, connect with reality, and learn through cases. Students can find some examples of educational research by themselves, analyze and evaluate them in person, and put the concepts into specific situations to experience.
1. Understanding basic concepts: As far as educational research methods are concerned, many concepts are abstract, some concepts are difficult to understand, and rote learning is even more difficult. A better way is to connect with reality and put concepts into specific situations to experience.
2. Pay attention to exercises: the function of exercises is to solve problems smoothly, and find out the problems in the review process and the places that can be rebuilt through simulation training. The topic selection of educational research methods is mainly subjective and applied. This paper focuses on how these educational methods are related to practical educational problems or educational phenomena. For example, the analysis and discussion questions of educational research methods are mostly material analysis questions, which explain and analyze phenomena with theory. Therefore, it is necessary to master the application scope and principles of various methods and closely combine them with actual educational phenomena, which requires more practice. Practice exercises according to the new solution to standardize the answers.
Finally, no matter how you review, candidates should devote themselves to it, so as to get good grades. I believe that the majority of candidates have their own understanding of pedagogy, and hope that the above contents can help candidates. I wish you all a smooth postgraduate entrance examination!
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