The education axis is obviously located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Educational celebrities in this field account for 89% of the total statistics. Shandong and Henan are famous for their education, accounting for 50% of the total. There are only three people in the Yangtze River valley and the vast area south of the Yangtze River. During this period, most families and their private schools such as Confucius, Mencius, Sui and Mo lived in the north. ?

For example, in Lu and His Travels, Confucius mainly taught Chen, Cao, Song, Zheng, Cai and other countries in the Yellow River Basin. Mozi was in the Song Dynasty. He runs a private school and so on. In the Han Dynasty, scholars such as Dong Zhongshu advocated Confucianism to achieve the status of "exclusive respect". ?

As the mainstream of Confucian classics, Dong Zhongshu, a representative of modern Chinese studies, and Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan, representatives of ancient China classics, are all northerners. Xing Taixue and Dr. Jason Wu from Chang 'an, Kyoto undoubtedly further strengthened the education axis in the north.

2. Sui and Tang Dynasties.

At this time, the number of Zhejiang and Jiangsu education experts in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has greatly increased, with about 64 education celebrities. There are 15 people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, accounting for 24%, and the whole Yangtze River basin has increased to 19%, and there are 30 people in the Pearl River basin. Compared with the past, the distribution of educational celebrities is different, distributed in 12 provinces, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.

Although the educational advantage of the Yellow River Basin has weakened, it is still in the leading position. This is closely related to the territorial expansion of Sui and Tang Dynasties and the prosperity of large-scale economy and culture.

3. Song and Jin Dynasties. ?

According to the preliminary statistics, there are 86 celebrities in education, with the Yangtze River as the boundary and 43 people in the north and south. On the basis of the previous period, the north has a long history and is in a state of balance. The Southern Song Dynasty was built in the south of the Yangtze River, and there were frequent wars in the north, and the financial resources of all parties were destroyed. This has changed. Education and the balance between North and South are inevitable.

The vigorous development of science education was the most obvious at that time. The geographical distribution of the representatives of the four factions is only north and south. Zhou Xuexuan (Hunan), Zhu Xue (Fujian) and Luo Xue (Luoyang). Academic representative Zhang Zai (Shaanxi).

4. Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

There are 76 celebrities in education, North 16, South 2 1% and South 60, accounting for 79%. The advantage of the south has been established. The axis of education in this period has shifted to Jiangnan. In the Yuan Dynasty, talents from the north withered from the south, and the south prospered because of its remoteness and limited restrictions. ?

For example, in the Ming Dynasty, famous teaching methods such as Jiangchuan, Wang Shuo and Wang Shuo appeared in an anti-traditional way, Zhejiang School in western Zhejiang represented by Matteo Ricci, and many intellectuals such as Xu Guangqi and Li. Scientists, educators and enlightenment thinkers such as Gu and Huang Zongxi all came from the South.

5. During the Qing Dynasty.

According to preliminary statistics, there are 73 people, including North 10, South 14% and South 63 people, accounting for 86%. The situation of the education axis is more prominent in the south. A large number of educators, such as Wang Fuzhi (Hunan), Dai Zhen (Anhui), Gong Zizhen (Zhejiang), Lin Zexu (Fujian), Wei Yuan (Hunan), Hong Kong (Guangdong), the Yangtze River valley and its south, have laid an absolute advantage in southern education.

Extended data:

The way of publishing and circulation of ancient poetry;

1, storytelling

The fifteen-country style in The Book of Songs is a folk song of fifteen places. An ancestor felt it and couldn't help singing. This is a poem published. Everyone felt that they expressed their feelings and sang and sang.

Poets sent by the Zhou Dynasty collected folk songs and compiled this song. In the Qin Dynasty, the institution of Yuefu was formally established, and the score of Yuefu was called "Song Poetry", so it was handed down.

2. Poems by celebrities

Scholar-officials were extremely worried about dangerous current events. Out of concern about the stability of the ruling order, they wrote poems for the supreme ruler to attract attention, such as the poems in Daya and Xiaoya. Of course, some people sang hymns, and the rulers thought they could show them to future generations, so they stayed.

3. Poetry on the wall

When the poet was in a mood, he scribbled on the wall with his pen, and the poem was widely copied. For example, Su Shi's Inscription on Xilin Wall, Song's Inscription on the Wall of a North Inn in Dayu Mountain, Luo's A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada, Wang Anshi's Hu Yinbi, etc.

4. Giving is poetry

Relatives and friends will travel far away, and Ren Tao will hold a farewell party and send poems to express their feelings. For example, Cao Zhi's Wang Biao for a White Horse, Cui Hao's Wang, Gao Shi's Don't Move Big, Wang Changling's Lotus Inn Don't Build a New House, and Chen Ziang's Qiu Ji's Visit to the Ancient World for a Collection of Lu Jushi.

5. Show your talents and offer poems

Poets seek official positions, give poems to those in power, show their talents and are eager to be reused. Such as Meng Haoran's "Send Ding Dafeng Jinshi to Zhang Jiuling" and "A Letter from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang".

Meng Haoran hoped to display his political ambition, but suffered from "crossing without a boat", so he presented two poems in order to get a quotation from Prime Minister Zhang. Wang's "Looking back on the past and looking up to Assistant Minister Pei" and Li Bai's "The Bitter Rain of the Princess Pavilion" all have this intention.

6. Improvised poetry

With a little thought, the poet's eloquence is eloquent, which makes everyone present feel that "the pen is shaking the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", such as Cao Zhi's seven-step poem, Wang Bo's poem and Zheng Gu's poem. According to reports, Meng Haoran shouted in front of the emperor, "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes. I was ill for so long that I couldn't see my friends." This made the emperor very angry, so Meng Haoran missed his career.

7. Poetic nature of painting

The poet inscribed poems on the painting, and there were poems and paintings beside it. Poetry and painting set each other off and are full of fun, so painting is named after poetry and poetry is told by painting. For example, Wang You's Two Pictures of Peach Blossoms and Apricot Flowers by Huang Tingjian, Su Shi's Techniques of Folding Paintings by Shu Wang, and Yang Wanli's Pictures of Willow Painting Clouds, etc.

8. Theme poetry

The ancients got together and wrote a poem on the designated topic, called Fu De. Wei got "Twilight Rain" at a party, so he wrote "Give Twilight Rain". Another example is Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass. And "rhyming poems" For example, if you draw a "salty" rhyme, you must use it as a rhyme to write a poem, which is in line with the law.

9, business entertainment

Du Fu, Cen Can, and Wang Wei all had the same topic as Mr. Jia Zhi-scheeren, The Affairs before the Daming Palace. Jia Zhi, then the secretary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, wrote The Early Daming Palace, describing his meeting with Emperor Hengli. When he was proud, he took it as a sign of being in the same column, and the same column had to be perfunctory.

Most of these poems are full of praise, insincere compliments and insincere feelings, but they are rich in allusions, steady in antithesis, harmonious in melody and beautiful in artistic form, which just provides a word game for bureaucrats and literati. In the early Song Dynasty, Yang Yi and other dozens of people's "Kunxi Songs Collection" was a "masterpiece" in this respect.

10, the poem of harmony

Although it can be regarded as a social poem, it expresses true feelings. For example, Du Fu's Hei Li Si Zhen is the Ambassador to Save Hedong, and Su Shi's He Zi Nostalgia from Mianchi.

1 1, writing poems as ordered.

For example, Wang Wei's "Top View of Spring Rain from Xianshan Palace to Zenghe Hall". The sacred system, the poem written by the son of heaven. Should be, should be the life of the son of heaven to write poetry. Another example is that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei enjoyed peony in front of Chenxiang Temple in Xingqing, Dong Chi, and ordered Li Bai to compose a new song. Li Bai wrote Three Songs of Qingping Music.

12, letters

The content of the letter is expressed in poetic style. This kind of classical romance may have become a swan song today, but it is very common in the ancients. For example, Answer Good Brothers by Wang Wei and Cui Fu, and Answer Luoyang Paper Expensive by Chen Ziang. Li Shangyin's "A Word to Secretary Hu Ling" is lyrical and tactful, with a modest attitude;

Zhu Qingyu's "Boudoir Sacrifice to Zhang Shui Department" asks how the "College Entrance Examination" was done, and the metaphor is unique; Pretending to be Iraq, Liu Jian suggested to his friend, "It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside?" ? "

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Poetry