As we all know, there are many psychological counseling methods in educational psychology, but what are the specific methods? Look at the introduction of this article!

First, seven methods of psychological counseling in educational psychology

1, listening method

Listening method refers to the skills of counselors to listen to visitors carefully and patiently, including listening and watching.

Listening is listening, and witnessing is observing the body language of visitors, so as to listen to their voices.

In the conversation with visitors, counselors mainly listen, not talk; The relationship between counselors and visitors is not a teacher-student relationship, but a friend relationship. Consultants should get along with visitors on an equal footing and receive them warmly. To do this, you must listen. When talking, counselors and visitors should keep a proper distance, which is a psychological distance, which varies from person to person and from time to time. When listening to visitors, consultants can neither stare at others all the time nor ignore them all the time. In the process of listening, the counselor should have a short reaction from time to time to encourage the other person to go on, such as "hmm" and "is that right?" Wait, show that you are paying attention to his speech. When listening to the other person, the counselor's own emotions and body language should also adapt to the other person. If the other party is happy, the consultant should express his happiness; When the other person is sad, the counselor should show heavy. When listening, the counselor should lean forward slightly and nod his head appropriately from time to time. In short, the key to listening is to listen attentively.

2. Empathy method

Empathy means being able to experience the spiritual world of others, just like your own spiritual world, understanding and sharing the mental load of visitors. For example, a visitor said in class that he was humiliated in public: "I was so angry that I really wanted to stab him with a knife and didn't want to live." The counselor can say, "In this case, your feelings are understandable. Do you think it hurts you too much? "

3. Cognitive methods

Cognitive method, also known as ABCDE theory, refers to the occurrence of event A, and because of B's idea, it produces the consequences of psychological disorder C. If the idea of B is changed to D (new idea) through psychological consultation, there will be new consequences of E and the psychological barrier of C will be eliminated. This method of changing cognitive structure is cognitive method. This method can also be called "explaining and enlightening", which is close to the daily individual ideological education.

4. Prompting method

Hinting is a universal and wonderful psychological phenomenon. Through hinting, people can cure diseases or not get sick. This is both a positive hint and a negative hint. Hinting method refers to the method by which the counselor can make the visitors accept positive hints through their own language or behavior and cure the heart disease. Hint method has a good effect on enhancing self-confidence and overcoming exam anxiety, stage fright and inferiority complex. The key is that tourists should believe this hint, otherwise the effect is not great.

5. relaxation method

Relaxation refers to the method of gradually relaxing the muscles of the whole body from head to toe under the influence of suggestion, and the order is expressed in several languages:

I am very quiet;

My right (left) hand or foot feels heavy;

My left (right) hand or foot feels warm;

(4) My heart beats steadily and powerfully;

⑤ My breathing is very relaxed;

⑥ Abdominal cavity feels warm;

My forehead feels cool and comfortable.

This formula was first put forward by German psychiatrist Schulz. Later, according to this formula, psychologists all over the world compiled instructions and tips for relaxation training and made tapes for tourists to relax. Generally about 20 minutes each time, one course of treatment 10 day. After training, tourists master this relaxation technique, which will quickly relax muscles, lower blood pressure and slow down heart rate. In addition to this method, you can also relax people with deep breathing or meditation. Meditation is to remind tourists of the most enjoyable things they have experienced. The more specific the image, the better. Have a quiet environment by relaxing. Before relaxing, people should sit or lie down comfortably, concentrate, get rid of other thoughts, breathe smoothly and keep quiet. This method is especially effective for all kinds of anxiety and panic caused by tension, and can also improve people's memory and learning ability. This method is usually used in combination with system desensitization.

6. System desensitization method

System desensitization refers to the method of gradually adapting to a stimulus that causes allergic reaction and changing from weak to strong. If we overcome the test anxiety, we can divide the process of causing students' allergic stimulation into several stages;

(1) Leave home on the day of the exam;

② Distance from school 100 meters;

③ It is still 50 meters away from school;

④ There is still 10 meter before leaving school;

5 step into the school gate;

⑥ Enter the corridor;

⑦ Walk into the classroom;

8 sit down;

Pet-name ruby exam bell rings;

Attending to get the test paper.

Make 10 cards in turn and number them. When desensitizing the system, first take out the first card (leave home on the day of the exam), imagine the scene at that time, feel a little nervous, and then do relaxation exercises to relax the whole body muscles. After relaxing, pick up this card. If you are nervous again, relax until you are not nervous, then play the next card, and so on. The test anxiety will not be eliminated until the 10 card is finished. This process is not a matter of one or two days. Generally, make one card at most a day, so don't worry. Make the back card and redo the front card until you are not nervous when imagining the exam situation.

7. Drainage method

Relieving and expelling method refers to the psychological process of expelling all kinds of unpleasant emotions, such as sadness, from the body. There are several drainage methods:

One is to make him cry. Modern medical research shows that crying can not only relieve psychological grief, but also benefit people's health. Some people can't get up when they are sad. They can be advised to watch sad novels or film and television programs to help them drain their tears.

The second is to tell your intimate friends about your troubles or sadness.

Third, you can write to the newspaper or relevant organization you trust to vent your unhappiness. The consulting room is also a good place for drainage.

Second, the status quo of psychological counseling

At present, the common psychological counseling methods are active explanation, hands-on production, psychological drama and so on. Active explanation is the most common form of psychological consultation. Each exhibition hall has in-depth research on the exhibits and will sort out a set of standard explanations. On this basis, the psychological teacher will know himself and sum up a set of explanations suitable for his own style. If the audience is interested in an exhibit during the visit, the psychological teacher will guide and explain it according to the content of the explanation. In the whole process, the psychological teacher will make appropriate adjustments to the words and tone used according to the different subjects.

Educational psychology, as a thematic psychological consultation, is divided into two parts. The psychology teacher explains the knowledge first, and then organizes the audience to operate. Because the teaching AIDS used are mostly molding kits, the experimental steps are simple and clear, and the audience can easily complete them under the guidance of psychology teachers. The purpose is to let the audience experience the fun of doing it themselves and have a deeper understanding of the exhibits involved, but the disadvantage is that there are many hands-on activities and no thinking. As long as we follow the steps explained by the psychological teacher and see the phenomenon to verify the knowledge points, this form is basically carried out in strict accordance with the psychological teacher's idea of preparing lessons, and there is no room for exploration, which restricts the audience's innovative learning.

Psychodrama performance is a form of psychological consultation that has emerged in recent years. Its dramatic and entertaining means of expression greatly attracted the audience, but it also exposed some problems: emphasizing music over teaching, in the process of information construction, the audience changed from active to passive, and the plot development was dominated by actors.

The commonness of the above three forms is: in the information construction, the relationship between psychological teachers and the audience is reversed, and psychological teachers, as leaders, ignore the psychological needs of the audience. Applying educational psychology to psychological counseling is of great significance to the inquiry learning and enlightening teaching of the audience.

Thirdly, the necessity of applying educational psychology to psychological counseling.

Fundamentally speaking, the application purpose of educational psychology is to analyze and solve various psychological problems of students in the teaching process by using the theories and principles of educational psychology. The essence of psychological teachers' study and application of educational psychology lies in grasping the teaching process, grasping the psychology of the audience and studying the laws of psychological education, thus directly providing guidance for psychological education. The contributions of educational psychology to the teaching and management of psychology teachers are as follows: improving the existing teaching concepts; Improve the sense of teaching efficacy; Let psychological teachers better carry out reflective practice; Better classroom management, etc. Therefore, educational psychology can improve teachers' teaching level, and it is very important to apply educational psychology theory in psychological consultation.

Fourthly, the application of educational psychology in psychological counseling.

1. Promote the transformation of teaching methods

Constructivist learning view holds that learning is not a passive response to stimuli, but an active analysis, processing and processing of external information obtained by oneself according to original experience, so as to realize construction and reorganization and gain one's own understanding. Constructivism teaching view emphasizes the initiative, sociality and situational nature of learning. Teachers are not simply instilling and boring explanations, and students are not blindly accepting them. Students become the initiative of information construction, and teachers are the organizers, leaders and collaborators of creating situations, exchanges and cooperation, and they work together. The important principle of educational psychology is to guide students to actively explore and acquire learning knowledge, not just passively accept knowledge. In order to realize the constructivist learning view, psychology teachers should make full use of educational psychology in teaching and change students' traditional indoctrination learning style. There are three teaching methods currently used in educational psychology: experiential teaching method, trial teaching method and case teaching method. Now, this paper focuses on the case teaching method which is more suitable for psychological consultation in science and technology museum. The so-called case teaching method refers to the use of educational psychology to create a real environment consistent with the learning content, to experience through the senses, to integrate with the environment, and to provide the prototype and foundation for construction, while the audience, under the guidance of teachers, as real individuals, explore and solve the unknown through communication with their peers in the vast construction space. Under the guidance of constructivism, there have been some teaching methods with constructivism, such as anchored teaching method, cognitive apprentice teaching method, random access teaching method and scaffolding teaching method. Among them, the anchored teaching method is a typical case of educational psychology in psychological counseling.

2. Improving teachers' and students' understanding is conducive to personalized teaching.

Educational psychology believes that students' psychological needs are hierarchical. The higher the level of psychological needs, the stronger the motivation to trigger behavior, that is, different psychological needs, different learning motivations, and different effects and goals to be achieved. For example, the same psychological counseling will have different effects for different audiences. Highly educated audiences have higher requirements for the knowledge level of counseling content and the results in the counseling process. According to different audiences, our psychological counseling needs to be classified. At present, the content of psychological counseling mostly adopts unified interpretation, which is not flexible. In order to solve this contradiction, according to the theory of educational psychology, we should fully understand the cultural background of the counseling object, set the age object of counseling, divide the counseling object of the same age into three levels according to the breadth of knowledge coverage, and have three corresponding plans; In counseling, we should pay close attention to each audience's classroom reaction, know their follow-up and feedback on the teaching content in time, and make different adjustments according to the plan. For example, for a beginner's audience, it is necessary to increase the explanation of basic knowledge so that the audience can master the knowledge of the course. For an experienced listener, we should increase the amount of information on the basis of the original classroom content, expand and extend our knowledge, and get more gains.

3. Improve the teaching evaluation system and teaching process.

The complete teaching process should include the later effect evaluation, so as to modify the teaching content through feedback. At present, the commonly used effect evaluation method is questionnaire survey, which is mainly based on question and answer. The limitation of this form lies in the single evaluation index, which ignores the evaluation of the audience's innovative exploration and practice ability. Taking the anchored teaching method under the guidance of educational psychology as an example, the evaluation can focus on innovative ability, which includes consciousness, knowledge, ability and personality. The investigation is more comprehensive and scientific.

The application of educational psychology theory in psychological consultation will strengthen the psychological teaching thinking of psychological teachers, thus improving their teaching ability in an all-round way.

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