1, 0-2 years old is a critical period to cultivate children's sense of trust and hope. Mothers are the most important educators, not through words, but through actions. When the child is hungry, the mother can breastfeed in time; If the child urinates, the mother can change it in time; When the child wants to move, the mother moves with it. In short, at this time, the child can get what he wants and feel the pain for a long time. He will trust the world, his mother and others. If his needs are not always met in time, he will gradually feel desperate, pessimistic, suspicious and inferior.

2, 2-4 years old to cultivate autonomy and initiative, the principle is the same, that is, let children do whatever they want, and at the same time set the bottom line, that is, what they can do and to what extent they can accept. The purpose of letting children do whatever they want is to release their nature, give play to their potential, feel happy and happy, and feel the beauty and controllability of the world. Of course, parents should also draw a line, which things should never be done, such as playing with fire and running a red light. Don't overdo those things, such as eating too much and watching TV for too long As a result, children also learned that there are many things that can't be touched, but most things can be done, but they must be restrained. If there are too many restrictions on children, you will feel that this time is terrible, strangers are terrible, and they are destined to be otaku and otaku in the future; On the contrary, if there are no restrictions on a child's desires, he will not respect laws and regulations, his elders and authority, and he will be in big trouble when he grows up.

3, 4-6 years old to protect children's curiosity, explore interests and talents, cultivate children's sense of ability, and lay the foundation for diligence, resilience and self-esteem. If children's exploration, primitive behavior and imagination are laughed at by parents, then children will feel guilty and gradually lose confidence. If the discipline and control of children are too strict, children will gradually lose the initiative to create a happy life and lack creativity and goals.

But the most important thing to note is that disciplining children should always be based on a good parent-child relationship. Almost 99% of the failed disciplines are that the parent-child relationship has not been established.

2. Children's personality cultivation methods

1. Let children learn to be independent.

Now many families have only one child, and there are only two more. Because there are few children, many parents start to do everything, and children are too dependent on their parents. After a long time, the independence of children's personality gradually disappeared. Parents should cultivate their children's independence from an early age and let them learn to take care of themselves and eat and dress themselves. Every little thing can help children, and before you know it, children will have an independent part of their personality. When they face problems, their independent personality will help them think calmly, find solutions and win more time and opportunities, including success and happiness.

2. Respect children's privacy and personal space.

Some parents think that children are born by themselves. Children can't have any privacy and must confess everything to their parents. The joke said, "The child told his mother that it was private not to read the diary, and her mother said," You were born without underwear. " Although this is just a joke, it is really wrong for a mother to do so. To cultivate children's good character, we need to respect children's privacy and personal space, otherwise there will be bad elements such as distrust and suspicion in children's character, which is not conducive to their healthy growth.

It is important to be a good example for children to teach by example.

Family is the children's learning classroom, and parents are the children's teachers. Parents' words and deeds will directly affect their children. Parents have sunny, healthy, independent and confident personality components, and children can learn these from their parents. On the contrary, if parents are timid, selfish, introverted and other unhealthy characters, the possibility that children can learn these ingredients from their parents is almost detrimental to their healthy growth. Parents should try to be good role models for their children.

4. Help children learn to grow up in setbacks.

No one can grow up smoothly. Even children with good family environment will encounter setbacks on the road of growth. If parents can't cultivate their children's ability to face setbacks in their personality, their children will not be able to bear the harm caused by setbacks in the future, and their personality will be depressed and unconfident, which will affect their healthy life.

There is nothing wrong with children making mistakes. As long as they know their mistakes and can correct them, they can learn from them. There is no point in blaming children too much. Helping children get out of mistakes and setbacks is the normal state of parental education.

3. Five good qualities that children should cultivate from childhood.

1, trust

Basic trust in others is the basis of interpersonal communication and other quality characteristics. If a child has no trust in others, he will encounter many difficulties and suffer a lot in the process of forming self-confidence and establishing communication with others.

To cultivate children's trust in people, we can start from daily trifles. For example, cuddling a child gives him a strong sense of security, and makes him feel trust in the strange world around him, thus gradually building trust in people.

For a baby, the way to give him trust is to meet his basic needs, feed him when he is hungry, change his diaper when he urinates, and take him out for a walk when he is tired. Also, talk to him often, sing to him, communicate with him with eyes and tell him "Baby, mom loves you". In short, don't ignore the baby's needs, that is, don't let him feel afraid of this strange world, and let him establish basic trust in a comfortable and safe environment.

For young children, the effective way to build trust is to pay more attention to them. It is hard to believe that children who grow up in an indifferent environment will trust others. With the development of children's body and intelligence, he is not satisfied with eating, drinking and changing diapers, and begins to produce independent thoughts and behaviors. Parents should pay more attention to their children's emotional changes. Children have different personalities. If parents' behavior patterns conform to their personality characteristics, they will have more trust and attachment to their parents, and vice versa. For example, some children like to be quiet. If parents always give him too much stimulation and make him do a lot of exercise every day, it will make him bored. So, first of all, you should understand your child's temperament type, make him feel that you know him well, give him what he wants most, and make him trust you.

Step 2 be patient

Those children who are patient and tolerant have more chances of success than other children.

How can we make children become long-term patient people? First of all, parents should remember that they are role models for their children. Simple children have not yet established their own behavior patterns. He is a silent observer. The habit of parents doing things today is the standard for him to do things tomorrow. If parents do things irregularly, sweep the floor for a while, wash the dishes for a while, and put down the broom with a rag, can you expect your children to do things in an orderly way?

You can also help children understand problems and cultivate patience by talking to them. Although children can't fully express their ideas, they can already understand what you mean. If the child loses his temper because the building blocks are not properly built, throw them away. As a parent, you can talk to him and tell him that you know he is not happy that the building blocks can't be built, but throwing them away won't solve the problem. Don't think it's meaningless to communicate with children. In fact, he can understand, at least he will know that this is wrong. The effect of doing this is much better than sulking or blaming the child for his bad temper.

Children have not yet established the concept of time, so it is really difficult for them to learn patience. For example, you are packing a mess of toys, but the children want to go out to play. Don't say "wait 10 minutes" at this time. You have to tell him "Don't go out until I put all the toys in the toy box". Children will watch you put toys in boxes one by one, instead of pestering you to go out to play.

Step 3 be responsible

Doing a thing well from beginning to end is the basic embodiment of responsibility. In fact, unconsciously, children have begun to observe and learn the sense of responsibility. Do you still remember that a child about 1 year old dropped the bottle on the ground, and his mother picked it up and handed it to him, then lost it-picked it up-lost it-picked it up again. The little man learned responsibility in this seemingly annoying game. So many people don't believe it. In the process of repeated dropping and picking up, he began to have a vague understanding of causality and realized that the bottle fell to the ground as a result of his falling. Since such a young child can understand the relationship between behavior and results, parents can properly cultivate them to be responsible for their actions and make them aware of the problem of responsibility.

To cultivate a child's sense of responsibility, we can start by letting him do something within his power. Many mothers think that children will be more and more busy. If they can do things well in five minutes and can't do them well in half an hour, they won't let their children do things. Actually, you might as well be flexible. If time is particularly tight, you can choose to let your child do the simplest things and do the rest yourself. However, if you don't want an irresponsible child, don't be a mother who does everything. When the child is young, he can pass the small paper to his father, and when he is older, he can pack the toys. These are trivial matters, but they play an important role in cultivating children's sense of responsibility.

Step 4 be confident

By learning independent behavior, children gradually become very independent, know what they want and find a reasonable reason for themselves. A confident person usually doesn't need others' affirmation, and has a good reason for what he has done.

Similarly, the way to build a child's self-confidence is to let him do something suitable for his age independently. /kloc-children around 0/year old, let him learn to eat with a spoon, and let him wear shoes when he is older. Pay attention to let him do simple things at first. Children can't do complicated things well, and continuous setbacks will hurt their confidence. When you let your child practice wearing shoes, give him shoes with sticky buttons, because tying the belt is too complicated for him to master. At the right age, try to let children make their own decisions. For example, eating ice cream can let him choose chocolate or strawberry, and let him make his own decision from small things.

In the process of children's growth, parents should constantly adjust their mentality and behavior, and don't let themselves become obstacles to children's growth. The child was very dependent on his parents when he was a child. When he grows up, his parents should relax their constraints step by step and let him be their own master. Allow children to make mistakes. If the child doesn't make mistakes when growing up, it means that his parents are too dead and he has no chance to try. Therefore, with the growth of children's age, parents should gradually relax their hands and give their children a free sky like flying kites.

Step 5 feel the feelings of others

Perception of others' feelings is the basis of establishing good social relations. The key to a successful interpersonal relationship is to understand the feelings of others and then respond appropriately. Children before the age of 3 don't care about other people's feelings, they can only feel the world from their own perspective. For example, a 2-year-old boy hit his partner on the head. His parents should not blame him too much, because he didn't know that his partner would feel pain, and this is because he didn't feel the pain of being hit on the head himself, and of course he didn't know how others felt.

Although children don't have the ability to perceive other people's feelings, parents can help them build this feeling. Just like the example above, parents can tell the child who hit someone like this: "If he hits you on the head, will it hurt?" Or "You forgot that Xiaoming hit you last time, and it hurt so much that you cried." It is easier for children to understand the feelings of others through their own feelings. In addition, in similar situations, parents can repeat others' feelings to him, and gradually he will understand others' feelings.

As a parent, maybe you can't give your child wealth, handsomeness and beauty, but you can give him a successful life. If you can start with small things, give him confidence, patience, sense of responsibility, self-confidence and realize the feelings of others, then you can give him a successful life.

4. Five ways to cultivate children's optimistic and cheerful personality

First, create a happy family atmosphere.

This is a method that can be applied to almost all parenting problems. In addition to some factors determined by genes, family atmosphere also plays an important role in the formation of children's personality. Parents take the initiative to discuss things, disagree and don't quarrel in front of their children. When children encounter problems or make mistakes, they are not rude, communicate with children gently, and patiently enlighten children. It can make the family atmosphere relaxed and happy, and children can better understand their parents' care and affection.

Second, praise children moderately.

Parents praise their children moderately, which helps to build their self-confidence and make their children optimistic. However, it should be noted that the purpose of praise is to strengthen children's good behavior, starting with their behavior. Non-behavior-oriented and general praise can't achieve the long-term effect of encouraging children.

Praise children in specific details and let them understand what encouragement is. For example, children can throw garbage: "babies can throw garbage, which is really a good helper for mothers." Such praise full of behavioral details is better than saying "great" casually.

Third, accept children's failures and mistakes.

Children who grow up under attack and control easily lose confidence, pessimism and fear, dare not face challenges and lose courage. What parents should do is to allow their children to experience and "make mistakes" within the scope of principles. Because making mistakes is also an important part of children's growth: the detour in life is actually one meter.

If children are naughty and afraid of not learning well, they are especially afraid of making mistakes. Keep an eye on children, stifle their thoughts, and let them grow up in a "normal" range in a way that we think is safe. This will deprive children of the opportunity to explore and stifle their imagination and nature. This practice will only make children want to leave the family's "cage" more, which is a great harm to children.

Fourth, let children have certain autonomy.

Parents can't let their children drift by giving them autonomy, but too strict control will inhibit their growth and may have a negative impact on their mental health. Children who are restrained too much are prone to inferiority complex. Parents will give their children some independent decision-making power, let them have different choices at different ages, let them pay attention to their own ideas, and better think and understand the meaning of freedom and independence. Only children who are good at thinking can make the right choice when they encounter difficulties.

It should be noted that parents giving their children autonomy does not mean giving them whatever they want. For children's material life, we should not be overly superior and extravagant. Excessive superior living conditions make it easy for children not to cherish, and the pursuit of material things is often difficult to satisfy themselves. Greed can lead to unhappy emotions. Only by not being greedy, knowing how to cherish and having a grateful heart can we become an optimistic and healthy person who knows how to cherish.

Fifth, encourage children to make more friends.

Parents should encourage their children to contact and communicate with people of different ages, personalities, professional backgrounds and social status, so that children can learn to get along with different people. Parents are children's teachers, and how to behave is often taught directly by parents. Therefore, when communicating with others, parents need to set a good example for their children, do not wear colored glasses, be neither humble nor supercilious, do not talk about and evaluate others easily, and be sincere and kind, so as to teach their children humility and harmony when getting along with others.

People who are naturally optimistic can't be happy forever in the face of adversity, and they won't rush to despair when they can't get out of trouble for a while. Parents should pay attention to have a positive attitude and strong ability to deal with difficulties when dealing with them.

5. The most critical period for shaping a child's character.

1, infancy: trust-distrust At this stage, the baby's physiological needs depend entirely on the timely satisfaction of adults. If there is no dependence between the baby and relatives, it will lead to unsafe psychological state and emotional problems.

2, early childhood: self-awareness-sense of shame and self-doubt, but diet, defecation, etc. still depend on adults, so at this time "disobedience" and "dependence" will appear alternately in the baby.

3. Pre-school: Active-guilty children's self-care ability is further improved and their initiative is strengthened, but when their initiative fails, they will feel disappointed and guilty.

4, school age: diligence-inferiority When children find that they have some outstanding and mature abilities, they will be recognized by the society; If children can't find their diligence potential, they will feel inferior.

5. Adolescence: Identity-confusion of identity. The physical and cognitive development of adolescent children and the requirements of society are changing. If emotional problems, partnership, career choice, moral values and other issues are not handled properly, there will be obstacles to identity.