1, Taoist qigong
1 Taoism is a major school of ancient philosophy in China, with Laozi and Zhuangzi as its representatives. Laozi was a thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Taoist school. In his masterpiece Tao Te Ching, he wrote: "Empty your heart, but fill your stomach"; "If it is continuous, it will not be used frequently"; "to the virtual pole, to the static"; "Dedicated qi can make soft babies" and other contents not only reflect Laozi's philosophical views, but also show the methods of practicing martial arts.
Zhuangzi specifically talked about the contents of ancient Qigong in his deliberate article, such as "Breathing to spit out the old and absorb the new, and the bear stretches out the bird to learn, just for the long life, the guide, and the person who keeps fit, which Peng Zushou's examiner likes". According to legend, Peng Zu, who was born in Shang Dynasty, lived 800 years (60 days at that time 1 year, and 800 years is equivalent to now 130 years old), and is a representative figure of longevity.
The characteristics of Taoist Qigong are: advocating quietness, paying attention to health preservation, and practicing with "rest", "guidance" and "observance". Its representative techniques include Huashan Twelve Sleeping Skills, Peng Zu Daofa, Inner alchemy and so on.
2. Confucian Qigong
Confucianism is another school of ancient philosophy in China, represented by Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. In his masterpiece The Analects of Confucius, he wrote: "Eat vegetables, drink water, bend your arms and pillow them, and have fun." This may be a practical experience of Confucius.
Mencius also attached great importance to Confucian self-cultivation. He has a philosophical saying: "I am good at cultivating my noble spirit", which reflects Mencius' personal experience in practicing kungfu. One of Confucius' students is Yan Hui. He once reported to Confucius his practical experience in composing Zuoforgeou, which aroused great interest of Confucius and spread it among Confucian schools.
The so-called "sit and forget" means that when you sit still, you are asked to forget everything, and even your own body doesn't know the degree of existence. This may be the beginning of the static work in China's ancient Qigong. The characteristic of Confucian Qigong is to achieve the purpose of self-cultivation through meditation. Its representative techniques include sitting and forgetting, heart fasting and so on.
3. Buddhist Qigong
Buddhism, also known as Buddhist Qigong, was introduced to China from India in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Sakyamuni, the ancestor of Buddhism, is the eldest son of King Kapiro of India. He was contemporary with Confucius at the age of 80.
The characteristics of Buddhist Qigong are: using meditation methods such as "abstinence, frustration and wisdom" to stop the spirit in a state and then lead to seamless wisdom. Its representative achievement method is Tiantai Sect's observation method; Meditation, Yijinjing; Tantric three secret yoga, etc.
4. Medical Qigong
Qigong is a method of treating diseases and strengthening the body. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, the classic work of traditional Chinese medicine "On Su Wenyi's Prescriptions in Huangdi Neijing" summarized five ancient medical methods in China, namely, Bian Shi, poison, moxibustion, nine needles and guided shiatsu, among which guided shiatsu was ancient Qigong.
In Su Wen's On Ancient Innocence, it is recorded that "nothing is indifferent, the true qi follows, the spirit is included, and the illness is always safe" and "breathing the essence, keeping the spirit independent, and keeping the muscles as one", which shows that the main purpose of China ancient medical qigong is health care and disease prevention. However, in Strange Diseases in Su Wen, it is pointed out that to treat the disease of "stagnation", we must "guide the accumulation of drugs, not just use drugs".
It shows that some diseases have better effects through guidance and drug treatment. It is also clearly pointed out in Su Wen's Legacy on Sting: "Patients with chronic kidney disease can stay conscious and hold their breath for seven times when they are facing south, so as to lead their necks to swallow smoothly, such as swallowing hard things. After seven times, there are countless baits." It shows that some diseases can be treated by ancient qigong alone. doctor
The representative methods of learning Qigong are Hua Tuo's Wuqinxi and Tao Hongjing's six-character formula.
5. Wushu qigong
Wushu is a sport with unique national style in China. According to textual research, it also originated from "dance". Wushu qigong absorbs the advantages of Taoist qigong, Confucian qigong and Buddhist qigong, and consists of routines. The characteristics of Wushu Qigong are: emphasizing the flexibility of movements, combining rigidity with softness, and paying attention to external practice in one go, so as to achieve the purpose of competition performance and physical fitness. Its representative techniques are Tai Ji Chuan and Shaolin.
6, laity qigong
Also known as folk qigong, many unique skills have been circulated among the people since ancient times, which are characterized by simple movements, easy mastery, wide spread, relative safety, physical fitness and remarkable results. Its representative achievement is Ba Duan Jin He Health Care.