(A) the characteristics of people's physical and mental development and its constraints on education-1. The main characteristics of people's physical and mental development: sequence, stage, imbalance and difference; 2. The restriction of people's physical and mental development characteristics on education: the order determines that educational activities must be carried out step by step; The stage determines that different contents and methods should be adopted for children of different ages; The imbalance determines that educational activities should be good at giving appropriate education according to the best period (critical period) of individual physical and mental development; Differences determine teaching students in accordance with their aptitude;

(2) The main influencing factors of people's physical and mental development-1. The main viewpoints on the factors affecting people's physical and mental development are (1) single factor theory and multi-factor theory. Single factor theory includes genetic determinism, environmental determinism and educational pragmatism. Two-factor theory refers to biological factors and social factors; Three-factor theory is Kailov's viewpoint on pedagogy, including heredity, environment and education. The four factors are heredity, environment, education and subjective psychology; The five-factor theory is to add feedback factors on the basis of the four-factor theory; (2) Endogenous theory and exogenous theory: most people who hold endogenous theory are good-natured, genetic determinists and mature theorists, such as Rousseau and gesell (identical twin ladder test); The representative figures who hold the theory of foreign affairs are Watson, Xunzi and Locke. (3) Interaction between internal factors and external factors: pay attention to their interaction and transformation, and their respective roles in human development; 2. Genetic quality and its role in people's physical and mental development: ① It is the biological premise of individual development and provides the possibility for people's development; ② Plasticity; ③ Its development process restricts the physical and mental development characteristics of the younger generation; ④ Their differences have certain influence on people's physical and mental development; The representative figures of genetic determinism (or congenital determinism and bloodline theory) are British anthropologist Gao Erdun and so on. 3. Environment and its role in people's physical and mental development: Environmental factors refer to the external world that has an impact on people's development, including the natural world and the social world. The representative of environmental determinism is Watson;

(3) The effect of school education on people's physical and mental development-1. Individualization and individual socialization: ① Individualization refers to the process in which individuals form uniqueness, autonomy and creativity in social activities. The role of education in individualization is mainly manifested in three aspects: promoting individual subject consciousness, developing individual characteristics and realizing individual value; (2) Individual socialization refers to the process that people accept social culture, that is, the process from natural person, biological person to social person; The role of education in individual socialization is reflected in three aspects: promoting the socialization of individual concept, intelligence and ability, and socialization of occupation and identity; 2. The leading role of school education in people's physical and mental development and its effective conditions: ① Education is a purposeful activity to cultivate people, set the development direction of people, eliminate and control the influence of some bad factors, and give people more positive influence; ② The education given by school education is profound, systematic and harmonious; The school has specially trained teachers who are responsible for education; The leading role of the school education law society depends on the active activities of students themselves and the support of social forces such as students' families and communities.

For more information, please click: 20 15 PubMed: Summary of Knowledge Points of Pedagogy Principles.

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