Fishbone diagram (reason &; Effect/fishbone diagram)

The characteristics of the problem are always influenced by some factors. We find out these factors through brainstorming, and together with the eigenvalues, we call the graph with clear hierarchy, clear organization and important factors as the characteristic factor graph. Because of its shape like fishbone, it is also called fishbone diagram (hereinafter referred to as fishbone diagram), which is an analytical method to see the essence through phenomena. At the same time, fishbone diagram is also used in production, which directly represents the process of production workshop.

Brainstorming (BS): A meeting method to find out all the causes or components of the problem from different angles by brainstorming and giving full play to the wisdom of the group. BS has four principles: no criticism, freedom, the more the better, and hitchhiking.

Fishbone diagram is also called causal analysis diagram or Ishikawa diagram (named after kaoru ishikawa who first proposed this tool). It looks a bit like a fish bone, and the problem or defect (that is, the consequence) is marked outside the "fish head". Fish bones grow on fish bones, and the possible causes of production problems are listed according to the number of opportunities. Fishbone diagram helps to explain how various reasons interact. It can also show how various possible causes appear in turn over time. This helps to solve the problem.

Fishbone diagram analysis is a method that consultants often use in causal analysis, and its characteristics are simple, practical and intuitive. Taking an oil refinery as an example, this paper analyzes its marketing problems by fishbone diagram analysis. "Fish head" means the problem that needs to be solved, that is, the products of refineries occupy a small share in the market. According to the field investigation, the causes of marketing problems in this refinery can be summarized into five categories. People, channels, advertising, competition and others. In each category, there are several factors that may cause these reasons, such as fewer marketers, fewer sales points, lack of publicity strategies, and advertising campaigns for imported oil. According to the distribution trend of fishbone, five types of reasons and their related factors are developed respectively, and the fishbone analysis diagram is formed. The next step is to find out the main cause of the problem. Therefore, according to the data of field investigation, the proportion of each cause or related factor in the process of problem generation can be calculated, which is expressed as a percentage. For example, through calculation, it is found that "the number of marketers is small" accounts for 35%, "poor advertising" accounts for 18%, and "small packaging" accounts for 25%, which can be considered as the main reason for the small market share of the refinery's products. If the improved Eucalyptus quadratus is put forward according to these three factors, 78% of the whole problem can be solved. This example of eucalyptus also embodies the "20:80 principle", that is, according to the rule of thumb, 20% of the reasons often lead to 80% of the problems. 100% can't solve the problem due to conditional reasons. As long as 20% of all the reasons are grasped, 80% of the problems can be solved.