Brief introduction of educator
Laozi: Li, Bai Yang, an ancient thinker, philosopher, writer and historian in China, the founder and main representative of Taoist school. He is known as one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, and his ideological work Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi) has had a far-reaching influence all over the world.
Zhuangzi: surnamed Zhuang, Zhou, according to legend, was born in the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, an ancient thinker, philosopher and writer in China, and a representative of Taoism, also known as "Lao Zhuang". He is the founder of Zhuangzi's studies and the author of Zhuangzi, among which "Wandering around" and "On Everything" are handed down from generation to generation.
Taoist educational thought
In China's traditional educational culture, Confucian educational thought has always been the mainstream of the educated, while Taoist thought seems to have nothing to do with education. Indeed, in the speeches of representative figures-Laozi and Zhuangzi, there are few contents directly related to education, but the correspondence between Taoist thought and educational laws is not reflected in one sentence, but hidden in a deeper meaning, which has had a certain impact on ancient and even contemporary education.
(A) naturalistic education as the value orientation
Laozi said: "Man is the law of the earth, the earth is the law of heaven, and the law of heaven is the law of nature" (Chapter 25 of Laozi). Laozi's philosophy holds that Tao is the origin of all things in the world and the universal law of the operation of the universe. "Tao always does nothing and does everything" (Chapter 37 of Laozi), which is the fundamental feature of Tao. The so-called "inaction" is not inaction, but letting nature take its course and not acting rashly; "Inaction" is the result of "inaction". Anything can be done well as long as it goes with the flow. The Tao gives birth to everything, which is pure natural, popular and self-contained. Education is to conform to the natural personality of students, so that the object of education can be what it is, without too much intervention, prefabricating the subjective value of educators, and making the object of education lose its true self in this subjectively framed value model. It is the core value orientation of Taoist educational thought to learn from nature and take students as the foundation.
(two) to cultivate "saints" as the educational goal.
"Sage" is the ideal personality to be cultivated in Taoist education. Different from the sage who is praised by Confucianism as "giving to the people and helping others" (the Analects of Confucius is eternal career), the sage who is believed by Mohism (returning to righteousness by Mozi), and the "sage" pursued by Taoism is a pure child who is wholeheartedly devoted to the truth, lucky enough to be free, has no distractions and is unwilling to do anything. Beginning of life, who is integrated with Tao, is quiet and powerless, and does nothing without desire. However, with the growth of age and the increase of life experience, people's hearts become complicated, and desires and self-interests follow one after another, which runs counter to each other. The goal of Taoist educational thought is to wash away the acquired dust through education, so that the object of education will always keep an initial heart and a pure heart. Lao Tzu said, "Good is like water. Water is the good of all things, and water is the evil of all, so it is a few words. " (Chapter 8 of Laozi), water can best represent the character of a "saint". It does not fight for it, but it silently infects the world around it with its own personality. Although it is "inaction", it is "wasted".
(3) Take "teaching without words" as the educational method.
In order to cultivate "saints", Laozi and Zhuangzi put forward the educational method of "teaching without words", so as to achieve the educational purpose naturally without revealing traces. Teaching by example is more important than teaching by example. Instead of always making irresponsible remarks about the educated, it is better to start from ourselves, set an example by our own words and deeds, and subtly infect the educated, just like: "The sage said,' I do nothing, but the people make it; I am so quiet that the people are self-righteous; I have nothing to do and the people are rich; I have no desire, but the people are simple. "("Lao Zi "Chapter 57). As an educator, on the one hand, I know that everything should go with the flow, the object of education has its naturalness, and education needs to conform to everyone's personality, so I should not make the same rules and regulations for the object of education. At the same time, education also has its own laws and internal development trends, and educational activities must follow these laws, rather than changing educational activities at will based on subjective likes and dislikes, so it is necessary to "say everything". On the other hand, educators should also play an exemplary role, give full play to the potential and subjective initiative of the educated objects, and become the people they should be.
Source | This article is based on the following information:
Sun Peiqing. (1997). Education history of China. East China Normal University Press.
Jiao zhonghui. (2008). A Comparative Study of Laozi and Zhuangzi. (Doctoral thesis, Shandong University).
Zhang Yong. (2000). On Laozi and Zhuangzi's naturalistic educational thought. Journal of Anhui Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 28 (00 1), 153- 156.
Tang Yanlian, and Lu. (2005). "Doing nothing and teaching without words"-a contemporary rational interpretation of Taoist educational thought. Journal of Northwest Normal University (Social Science Edition) (02), 30-35.
The picture comes from the internet.