With the continuous acceleration of China's reform and opening up, the society is also accelerating its development, and it is in a period of rapid transformation, with a large number of contradictions highlighted. Great changes have taken place in the whole social structure and class status, resulting in many new forms of crime, and new trends have emerged in the composition, content and orientation of criminals. This has brought new challenges to our prison workers, especially the police officers (front-line team leaders) who are engaged in direct management at the grassroots level. How to do well the reform and direct management of criminals in the new period? It is a subject that every team leader needs to face.
Pemphigus is so severe because we can know every part of the cow with our eyes closed and clearly know the whole body structure of the cow. If the team leader wants to do a good job in direct management, he should also clearly know the new situation, new characteristics and new trends of the current detainees, eliminate the old methods, not content with the surface, but "strictly guard against death" and be satisfied with not fighting, so as to complete the production quotas (if it is managed in that way, it is equivalent to the supervisor). As far as the current situation is concerned, the criminals have the following new changes: 1. The diversity of criminals, criminal offences, crimes endangering national security, economic crimes and other different types of criminals make prisons a special social group directly similar to the outside world. There used to be some prisons in society, but now almost all of them are prisons, and all kinds of criminals have become one prison. 2. Criminals' values have developed from single type to multiple types, and their self-awareness has been enhanced. In the past, criminals' demands were simple: have a meal, go home early and see their families. Now their demands are more and their values have changed. 3. Criminals are generally speculative, sensitive to rights protection, and have bad behavior, so it is difficult to change their minds. At present, criminals' opportunistic ideas about reform do not want a good and down-to-earth reform, but mostly want to "get twice the result with half the effort" by taking care of relationships, forming gangs and pleasing police officers. At the same time, criminals are very sensitive to safeguarding their rights. They always use laws, supervision regulations, discipline inspection and procuratorates to restrict and threaten police officers to enforce the law, but they often keep in mind their obligations in the law. The cultural level of criminals has improved. Some criminals are not ignorant of the law, but bend the law and know the law. In the past, the general formulation of "legal illiteracy plus illiteracy" was not accurate; 5. The sense of opposition between criminals and the police has increased, which has generated great trust in the police, especially the front-line team leaders. They think that the team leader is forced labor regardless of life and death.
These conditions among criminals are closely related to the present situation of our society and prison work. Only by understanding the causes of problems and changes can we find the right medicine, find a solution and do a good job of direct management. The main reason is: 1. In the period of social transformation, the Gini index of China society has reached the international warning line, and the polarization between the rich and the poor is serious. At the same time, some people get rich by immoral means, and corruption emerges one after another, which intensifies the hatred and imbalance of some people in society and leads to crime. 2. Under the traditional prison system, constrained by the diversification of prison functions, there are some problems such as unclear understanding of the internal laws of the three legal means, their respective use, outdated content, backward methods, single carrier, and even fragmented and conflicting. Especially the weakening of the educational reform function of management and the misinterpretation of the educational reform function of labor, educational reform is often narrowly attributed to running special schools and three courses, and often it is still a mere formality. The method of reforming criminals is backward, and the method of reforming criminals in prisons is still stuck in the old one. The form of "three courses" education is outdated, and ideological education can't keep up with the needs of the new situation. If you stay on the surface, obey the supervision and get out of trouble, everything will be fine. There is little mention of the transformation of criminals' inner world, and education is always like this. "When three axes are finished, they will be torn down", which lacks pertinence and does not really reform criminals 3. Prison police are engaged in both reform and production, but the reform will not be immediate, and it must be a long-term process, and production is directly linked to bonuses and political achievements. As long as there is no accident in supervision and production is done well, they can be promoted, make achievements and get more money. Therefore, it often leads to "production first, transformation second", and the conflict of interests between criminals and police is more prominent. 4. Due to various reasons, police officers' ideas are outdated, their thoughts are habitual and solidified, and they lack change and enterprising. There are many problems that we can't understand clearly, we can't grasp our own position and we don't know what our role is. In the new era, we need to face the new situation, but there are still many shortcomings in our police education and our own quality. Behavior management has followed the traditional habits, and the "Three Cardinal Principles and Five Permanent Principles" have been solidified in our minds, and the legal provisions and related norms are no longer available, but many policemen still take it for granted.
The new situation of prison development in the new period requires us to make new changes according to the new situation when we divide the group leader to do direct management work. Direct management undertakes most of the prison penalty execution functions. How to implement the principles, policies and reform methods must be carried out through the division leadership at the grassroots level. Moreover, the team leader directly deals with criminals, knows the new situation of prisoners best, can feel the needs of criminals best, and is also the functional carrier that can best reflect the prison reform people. Then, what aspects should the team leader start from, do his own work well, and reflect the prison's penalty execution function? I think we should grasp the following points:
First of all, the police should overcome the bad habit of law enforcement. Some policemen are used to giving orders above criminals; I'm used to being the parents of criminals, but I'm not used to talking to criminals on an equal footing, and I don't understand the criminals' awareness of law enforcement and reform. These bad habits of law enforcement must be overcome, otherwise it will lead to violation of law and discipline. Overcome the bad habits in law enforcement, such as asking criminals to squat in education and individual conversations with criminals, and even some policemen don't let criminals squat, so they can't find the "inspiration" for conversation. A normal person won't squat down and talk, and criminals should be punished, but squatting itself will make criminals feel inferior. Once a person loses self-esteem, will it be easy to manage? I think it is very necessary to cancel the prisoner's squatting position during the conversation, which is also conducive to reform. But the most important thing is to reduce the worship and dependence on violent means, and do it as a last resort. Worship of violence (that is, violence can solve problems quickly and has universal deterrence, etc.) ) and dependence on violence (violence is the first choice when encountering problems) are all manifestations of incompetence in prison management. Specifically, most individual managers are proof of their low quality or poor working methods.
Second, explore new ways of prison reform as soon as possible, so that prisons can be separated from production and efficiency functions and realize the separation of supervision from enterprises. As we all know, the biggest factor affecting the execution of prison penalty is whether prisons and enterprises are separated, but how to reform is a difficult problem for all prison workers. Minister of Justice Zhang pointed out: "The main task of prison enterprise reform is to provide jobs and means of production for criminals, which is an important part of the work of reforming criminals. The management of enterprises must obey and serve the goal of reforming criminals. The industry and product structure of prison enterprises should meet the needs of prison reform of criminals, which is conducive to improving the quality of criminal reform, cultivating criminal labor skills and enhancing the ability of criminals to adapt to society after they are released from prison. "It can be seen that the state regards the simplification of prison functions and the overall improvement of the quality of educational reform as the focus of prison work under the new situation, which will free the prison police from the heavy economic pressure, go into battle lightly and go all out to complete the fundamental task of' reforming people'. However, prison reform cannot be simply divided. Prison enterprises cannot be separated, and all the solutions cannot be attributed to the separation of prison enterprises. Team leaders at the grass-roots level suffer the most, which affects their work progress. It is necessary to take measures as soon as possible, clarify the details, do a good job in supporting the work, handle the relevant personnel arrangements, and not be eager for quick success and rush to stabilize the police force.
Third, explore new ways of direct management and strengthen law enforcement guidance. In the direct management of criminals, we should pay attention to the education according to the individual situation of criminals, and must not be "one size fits all". The overall and individual discipline of criminals should be changed from deliberately pursuing the rules and obedience of criminals to paying attention to regulating the psychology of criminals. In the past, criminals only allowed you to be honest, and you were not allowed to talk nonsense. You can only behave yourself, and you can't talk nonsense. These were common words in the past. This method is wrong, it doesn't pay attention to people's psychology and should be changed. It is necessary to give more law enforcement guidance to the first-line team leaders at the grassroots level. We can't say that we should put the sub-captains on their posts, but we should pay attention to them and solve their difficulties in law enforcement, because as sub-captains, their authority is limited and they need the cooperation and support of their superiors to do a good job in direct management.
Fourth, make good use of the "three-parent project", that is, family meetings, family dinners and family accommodation. These "three relatives" can play a great role in the reform of criminals, because a person can lose everything, but he is most concerned about his family. If a criminal feels that even his relatives have abandoned him in the process of reform, then he has no motivation to reform. Without the hope of family and freedom, how many people will want to pursue it? Making good use of it can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of criminals for reform. One family meeting may be more useful than ten police conversations. Only through the help and education of criminals' relatives can the reform of criminals be successful. At present, only family meetings have been held in our prison, the frequency is relatively fixed and the meeting time is relatively short. Criminals usually react. An interview lasts less than an hour, sometimes only half an hour. There is no way to communicate well in such a short time. We can appropriately extend the meeting time, fully open family meals and accommodation, and use this as a lever to promote criminals to become law-abiding citizens.
Fifth, create an environment of mutual assistance. At present, there are a large proportion of prisoners from other provinces, three criminals, disabled criminals and stubborn criminals in prisons. These are vulnerable groups among criminals, who need help and support in psychology, life and reform. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out mutual aid projects to help them solve their difficulties. For example, there are few relatives from other provinces to receive, and the mood will be abnormal on holidays, especially on reception days. At the same time, other provinces are generally poor, unable to pay fines, and families have no money to help. These are all obstacles to transformation. Therefore, through mutual aid projects, they can get out of the predicament, realize the beauty of human nature and believe in true feelings. This is undoubtedly a powerful promoter of reform, and it is also of great significance to create a good prison culture.
6. Education should shift from compulsory indoctrination to inspiration and guidance. To create a positive prison culture, if education cannot make educators and educatees psychologically adapt, it will be difficult to produce a strong educational effect, and it will be even more difficult to transform it into the knowledge, will and quality of educatees. Similarly, all education for criminals can't achieve the expected goal without the active participation of criminals themselves, and compulsory indoctrination can only make education a mere formality. As psychoanalyst A Adler said, "The criminal is not a special human being. Like others, his behavior is a reasonable variation of human behavior." As a special "educational system", prison education should have innovative ideas in the process of carrying out educational reform activities for criminals, attach importance to and give full play to the unique role of "criminals' self-shaping" education, so that prison education can be transformed from "compulsory" to "compulsory" and "I want to do this" and the external cause of education can be transformed into the internal cause of criminals. To do this, we must: 1. Help criminals set goals that they can pursue in life (note: this goal varies from person to person and is not designed uniformly); 2. Help criminals discover and identify their own strengths, specialties and potential truth, goodness and beauty; 3. Help criminals understand their own personality and cultivate a sound personality with "love" as the core; 4. All prison policemen should be models and role models of criminals' self-shaping education.