The first part states that modern society requires citizens to have good humanities literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and broad vision, basic abilities including reading comprehension, expression and communication, and the ability to collect and process information by using modern technology. Chinese education should and can play an important role in the process of cultivating and bringing up a new generation.
In order to meet the needs of social progress and students' self-development, Chinese education must carry out systematic reforms in curriculum objectives and contents, teaching concepts and learning methods, and evaluation purposes and methods. The Chinese curriculum reform of nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxism and educational science theory (changing word order), sum up the success or failure of Chinese education in China, learn from the experience of foreign mother tongue education reform, follow the laws of Chinese education, and strive to build a Chinese curriculum suitable for the development of modern society.
Chinese course should play an active role in improving students' moral quality (ideological and moral quality) and scientific and cultural literacy, carrying forward and cultivating national spirit, and enhancing national creativity and cohesion. First, the nature and status of the course (unchanged) Second, the basic concept of the course (1) comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy. The Chinese course in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be geared to all students, so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy.
Chinese class should stimulate and cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language, guide students to enrich their language accumulation, cultivate their sense of language, develop their thinking, initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese, develop good study habits, and enable students to have the ability to read and write, communicate orally according to actual needs, and correctly understand and use the motherland's language. At the same time, Chinese courses should also be influenced by excellent culture, improve students' ideological and moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, make them gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
(2) Correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education. The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum has a profound influence on students' spiritual field, and students' feelings and understanding of Chinese materials are often diverse. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the influence of Chinese, the value orientation of teaching content, but also respect the unique experience of students in the learning process.
Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice (it is not appropriate to deliberately pursue the systematicness and integrity of Chinese knowledge). Chinese is also a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere.
Therefore, students should be allowed to have more direct contact with Chinese materials and experience and master the laws of using Chinese in a large number of Chinese practices, rather than deliberately pursuing the systematization and integrity of Chinese knowledge. In Chinese class, we should also consider the influence of Chinese characteristics on literacy, writing, reading, oral communication and students' thinking development, and pay special attention to cultivating a good sense of language and overall grasp ability in teaching.
(3) Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods (unchanged) (4) Strive to build an open and energetic Chinese course. Chinese curriculum should inherit the excellent tradition of Chinese education and face modernization, the world and the future. Broaden the field of Chinese learning and application, pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means. Through the intersection, infiltration and integration of different contents and methods, students can broaden their horizons, improve their learning efficiency, and initially acquire the Chinese literacy needed by modern society.
Chinese course should be open and innovative. We should pay close attention to the development of students and the changes of social real life, meet the needs of different regions, different schools and different students as much as possible, establish curriculum objectives that meet the needs of the times, develop curriculum resources suitable for them, form a relatively stable and flexible implementation mechanism, and constantly adjust and update development.
Third, the design idea of curriculum standard 1, 2 (unchanged) 3. The stage goal puts forward requirements from four aspects: reading and writing, reading, writing (writing in the first stage, exercises in the second and third stages) and oral communication. The curriculum standard also puts forward the requirement of "all-round learning" in order to strengthen the connection between Chinese courses in many aspects, other courses and life, and promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of students' Chinese literacy.
4. (unchanged) Part II Curriculum Objectives 1. Overall goal 1. In the process of Chinese learning, we should cultivate patriotic feelings, socialist ideology and morality, healthy aesthetic taste, develop personality, cultivate cooperative spirit, and gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values. 2. Understand the richness of China culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture.
Care about contemporary cultural life, respect multiculturalism, absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture and improve cultural taste. 3. Cultivate the emotion of loving the language and writing of the motherland, enhance the self-confidence in Chinese learning, develop good Chinese learning habits, and initially master the basic methods of learning Chinese.
4. While developing language ability, develop thinking ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Learn scientific thinking methods and gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge.
5. Be able to actively carry out inquiry learning and learn and use Chinese in practice. 6. Learn Chinese Pinyin.
Can speak Mandarin. Know about 3500 commonly used Chinese characters.
Can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly, and has a certain speed. 7. Have the ability to read independently and learn to use a variety of reading methods.
Have rich accumulation and good sense of language, pay attention to emotional experience, develop feelings and understanding. I can read daily books, newspapers and magazines, appreciate literary works initially and enrich my spiritual world.
Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.
8- 10 (unchanged) Second, the first stage goal (1~2 grade) (1) read and write 1-3 (unchanged) 4. Writing posture should be correct, words should be standardized, correct and neat, and efforts should be made to develop good writing habits. 5-6 (unchanged) (2) Reading 1. I like reading and feel the pleasure of reading.
Initially form the habit of caring for books. 2-6 (unchanged) 7. Accumulate your favorite idioms and aphorisms.
2. The requirements for reading classical Chinese in the new curriculum standard of junior middle school people's education edition are: being able to read simple classical Chinese, understanding the basic content with notes and reference books, and reciting 80 excellent poems. The new curriculum standard puts forward higher teaching requirements and evaluation requirements for classical Chinese teaching in middle schools: "Read ancient poems, and consciously improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application. The new curriculum standard clearly puts forward the teaching goal of classical Chinese for us, evaluates students' reading of ancient poetry and simple classical Chinese, and focuses on the process of students' memorization and accumulation, and whether they can understand the theme of poetry with the help of notes and reference books, rather than examining the mastery of knowledge such as morphology and syntax. " The knowledge of morphology and syntax should not be the key content of the exam, but should be a yardstick for our innovation in classical Chinese teaching.
We can break it down into the following goals:
1, read the text smoothly and master the sentence reading of the text;
2. Understand the common notional words and function words, so as to understand the general idea of the sentence;
3. Understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the text;
4. Memorize the paragraphs or articles required to be recited in the text and the ancient poems and articles recommended to be recited in the outline.
5. Understand the main artistic features and expressions of the text.
Stylistic analysis of classical Chinese in junior high school
The review of classical Chinese in junior high school is a difficult point in the review of senior high school entrance examination. Reviewing according to style can make students master all kinds of classical Chinese comprehensively and systematically, and the effect will be better. The styles we came into contact with in junior high school are as follows:
Travel Notes: It is a kind of prose style that describes travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Travel notes are either argumentative, such as the story of Yueyang Tower, or scientific, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan. There are also those with * * * colors, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.
Say: it is a style used in ancient times to explain things through narration, discussion or explanation. This style often adopts the technique of expressing meaning by holding objects. Such as Ma Shuo by Han Yu and Ailian by Zhou Dunyi;
Statement: the style of stating an idea or thing. Such as Zhuge Liang's "Model";
Irony: In ancient times, people were euphemistically persuaded to accept the opinions of their subordinates through metaphors and hints. Zou Ji satirized Qi Wang Nengchen;
Preface: one of the ancient styles, written for farewell. There are many words of praise, praise or encouragement. For example, Song Lian, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang";
Inscription: ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or state their achievements are called "inscriptions". Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription".
Junior high school classical Chinese reading exam kaodian
Classical Chinese reading in the senior high school entrance examination mainly examines the classic paragraphs in the class.
(a) test sites mainly include:
1, common sense of literature (accurate and skilled, not confusing, good handwriting, paying attention to articles and literature knowledge related to this article)
2, font, pronunciation (look for it, read it correctly, pay attention to variant characters, polyphonic words, and interchangeable words)
3. Dictation (the ancient prose specified in the textbook) (accurate and skilled, with standard writing, no typos, white characters, no words, few words, no cursive script, no simplified words, neat fonts and clear handwriting. Pay attention to famous sentences, thematic sentences, descriptive sentences, rhetorical sentences)
4. The translation of notional words (mainly based on the notes in the book, accurate and comprehensive, special usage, attention should be paid to the "what's the meaning here" in the notes. )
3. Which classical Chinese are shorter? I like Ailian's theory best. Ailian said that Zhou Dunyi is the flower of land, water and vegetation, and the lovely one is very sweet.
Tao Jin Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone; Since Li Tang came, people all over the world love peony. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is graceful and quiet, but it doesn't look ridiculous from a distance. Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers.
Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Lotus love, who is the giver; Peony love is suitable for many people. There are many lovely grass flowers and wood flowers on water and land.
Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. People all over the world have loved peonies since the Tang Dynasty.
I only like lotus flowers. It grows from the sludge, but it is not polluted. It was washed with clear water, but it didn't look attractive. Its stem runs through the middle, straight, fragrant, more fragrant and upright. You can watch from a distance, but you can't play lightly. In my opinion, chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a precious flower; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers.
Alas! Tao Yuanming seldom heard of this hobby of chrysanthemum after that. Who else likes lotus like me? Of course, there are many people who like peony.