People-oriented is the core of Scientific Outlook on Development. Serving the people heart and soul is the fundamental purpose of the Party in China. According to the past development view, development is the high-speed operation of economy, that is, the high-speed growth of gross domestic product (GDP), which ignores or even harms people's needs and interests. The essence of this development view of "seeing things but not people" is a kind of "material-oriented" thought, which represents two different development views from people-oriented.
People-oriented, based on human survival; Or, regard people as the successful capital of social activities. The "people" in "people-oriented" describes the species "people"; Or individuals who describe "people" in a group.
The scientific connotation of people-oriented needs to be grasped from two aspects.
The first is the concept of "people". In philosophy, "man" is often opposed to two things, one is God and the other is thing, and man is relative to God and thing. Therefore, people-oriented is put forward, either relative to god-oriented or relative to material-oriented. Generally speaking, the early western humanism thought mainly advocated opposing divinity with human nature, opposing theocracy with human rights, and putting human value first.
China's humanistic thought in history mainly emphasizes that people are more valuable than things, and thinks that "all things in the world are more valuable only people". According to the Analects of Confucius, the stable was on fire. Did Confucius ever ask if anyone was hurt? Don't ask the horse. Explain that in Confucius' view, people are more important than horses. In modern society, whether in the west or China, as a development concept, people-oriented thought is mainly put forward relative to material-oriented thought.
Secondly, the concept of "Ben". There are two philosophical understandings of "Ben", one is the "Ben" of the world and the other is the "root" of things. People-oriented foundation is not the basis of "primitive", but the "fundamental" foundation opposite to "ultimate". People-oriented is the concept of philosophical axiology, not philosophical ontology. Putting forward people-oriented is not to answer the question of what is the origin of the world, who produces who among people, gods and things, who is primary and who is secondary, but to answer the question of what is the most important, fundamental and worthy of our attention in this world where we live.
People-oriented, that is to say, people are more important and fundamental than gods and things, and we can't put the cart before the horse. We are all familiar with the "century-old plan, education-oriented;" The concepts of "teacher-oriented" and "school education, student-oriented" are both understood and used in the fundamental sense.
People-oriented expressed by Scientific Outlook on Development is the beginning of everything, emphasizing the importance of people. The first essence is development, the core is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, and the fundamental method is overall consideration.
The concept of education, that is, the concept of educational methods, is the rational understanding and subjective requirement of "what education should be" formed by the educational subject in teaching practice and educational thinking activities, including educational purpose, educational mission, educational purpose, educational ideal, educational goal, educational requirement and educational principle.
The basic characteristics of educational philosophy are as follows:
(1) The educational idea is the formation of the ideas or ideas that the educational subject thinks about education and its phenomena, and it is the result of rational understanding;
(2) The concept of education includes the value orientation or tendency of the educational subject about "education should be", which belongs to the concept of "good education";
(3) Educational idea is not educational reality, but comes from thinking about educational reality, which is the conscious reflection of educational subject to educational reality. Therefore, in theory, they are the carriers of ideas, that is, the holders of ideas have a clear understanding of education, which is their perception of education;
(4) The concept of education is a universal or superior concept with extensive extension, which can reflect the commonness of various educational thinking concepts such as educational thoughts, educational concepts, educational ideas, educational concepts, educational understanding, educational rationality, educational beliefs and educational creeds. , and the concept itself also contains the commonness of the above concepts. In addition, the concept of education is also expressed in the external form of the above concept to show that it is both abstract and intuitive. Such as educational purpose, educational mission, educational purpose, educational ideal, educational goal, educational requirement, educational principle, etc.
(5) Educational ideas are instructive to educational practice.
Modern education aims at promoting people's free and all-round development, so it pays more attention to the integrity and comprehensiveness of people's development. Macroscopically, it is a national education for all citizens, paying attention to the all-round development of the whole nation, with the fundamental goal of vigorously improving and developing the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation, improving the nation's ability of knowledge innovation and technological innovation, and enhancing its comprehensive national strength including national cohesion.
Microscopically, it is our responsibility to promote the all-round development and perfection of every student's morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and to cultivate all-round talents. This requires people to realize the transformation from elite education to mass education, from professional education to general education, and adopt the educational strategy of integrating moral, intellectual, physical and artistic education in educational methods.