1. Stimulating students' interest in learning and improving students' interest in active learning is the psychological tendency of people to actively know things or care about activities, and it is the dynamic mechanism of people's learning activities. Confucius once said that "knowing is not as good as being kind", and "learning" is very important for education. At the beginning of the 20th century, Deckler, a famous European progressive educator, took interest as the center of his teaching methods. He pointed out: "Interest is a gate. With it, the reservoir of attention is opened and the flow direction is determined. " This shows how important it is to arouse students' interest. The age, physiological and psychological characteristics of primary school students determine that their stability, persistence and self-control in learning activities are relatively poor. In order to concentrate students' attention, teachers should be good at using vivid language, appropriate metaphors, intuitive demonstrations, vivid pictures, creating interesting teaching situations, inspiring questions, various forms of game activities and various teaching methods to attract students' attention, stimulate students' interest in learning, and keep students interested in learning all the time in classroom teaching, thus making them happy to learn. We can inspire students from the following aspects. 1. Let's first talk about giving students time to study and explore independently in class, so that students can fully express their views on solving problems, teachers will also give them affirmation, and students will feel endless words. Make students always keep a positive attitude and actively participate in learning. For example, when teaching Car Rental, when the teacher put forward several car rental schemes and talked about which scheme was more reasonable, the students hands in the air scrambled to express their views, and some said that the number of people should be considered first to ensure that everyone had a seat; Some say that the fewer empty seats, the better, and the more empty seats. Some people say that it's cheaper to take a bus, but there are more buses ... At this time, the discussion among the students reached a fever pitch, and some people even turned red. Students actively participate in classroom activities, which makes them have a strong interest in mathematics learning, thus improving their initiative in learning. 2. Take a look at slides, courseware, teaching wall charts, objects, etc. It is made by teachers according to the teaching content, so that students can intuitively perceive, stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their learning initiative. In teaching, students can be provided with sufficient observation materials. The observation materials should be accurate and vivid, and arouse students' interest in observation. For example, when teaching to observe objects, I ask students to bring their favorite toys, let students observe toys from different sides, and then introduce the shapes of objects they see from different sides. Everyone was happy when it was their turn to introduce their toys. Teachers can tell students what they want to master without their own observation, guide students to observe, give students outline tips, and let students question and make correct judgments through observation and comparison. Cultivate students' observation ability and habits.
The second is the multilateral activity process in which teachers and students guide students to operate and improve their learning initiative. Teachers' "teaching" is for students' "learning". The key to optimizing classroom teaching is that teachers actively guide students to participate to the maximum extent in the teaching process, improve students' initiative in learning, and let students operate, observe, think and express themselves. Therefore, teachers must strengthen students' awareness of active learning and create conditions and situations for students to actively participate in the teaching process, such as teaching the course of "Understanding Corner" and intuitively perceiving "Corner" through activities such as "touching, guessing, watching, watching and doing". "Make a corner with your hands" is a colorful part of this lesson. Teachers provide students with a lot of materials, and students can use these materials to make a corner, so that students can use plasticine as the vertex and thin sticks of different lengths as the edges. When students start activities in groups of four, teachers participate in the activities among students and collect useful information in time to serve teaching. Some students have done more than one corner of a material, and the teacher praised and encouraged them in time. This process is also a demonstration of students' thinking level, and also sees the sparks of children's multi-faceted thinking flashing in the classroom. Through such activities, the operation, observation, thinking and language expression are combined, which not only improves students' initiative in learning, but also inspires the development of thinking, and achieves the goal of enabling students to acquire both knowledge and skills in mathematics teaching. Therefore, teachers should try to create some practical opportunities for students according to the characteristics of teaching materials, give full play to students' subjective initiative, and let them understand and master new knowledge and improve their skills in operation practice.
Third, the correct use of "incentive" strategy to improve students' learning initiative as a teacher should not be stingy with "incentive language." Because the correct use of "motivation" strategy can make students' desire to learn multiply and get twice the result with half the effort. Once students have the desire to learn, why not worry that they will not take the initiative to learn? In math class, we can use the method of constantly changing the "incentive" strategy to make students feel "new" and make students "active" with constant "new". First of all, for students who dare to speak out, even if they are wrong; Give great praise to the students who have been poor in discipline but have done well in this class. Teachers should seize the opportunity to encourage and praise good students. This fully mobilized the enthusiasm and initiative of students at different levels in the class. In short, the correct use of incentive strategies can enable students of different levels to gain successful experience and stimulate their desire for active learning.
Cultivate good learning methods and improve students' initiative in learning. Only when students master the learning methods can they change from "learning" to "learning" and from "learning" to "being willing to learn and being good at learning". On the basis of enjoying learning, students naturally have the intrinsic motivation to learn actively, thus turning learning into their own voluntary behavior. Therefore, we should pay attention to guiding students to master learning methods in the teaching process. When teaching calculation problems, students can be guided to refine the "four-step method": at first glance, the characteristics of operation symbols and numbers can be clearly seen; Second, think about what to calculate first, and then think about what to calculate (elementary arithmetic); Three calculations, that is, according to the good methods and ideas thought; Check it four times before checking it. After learning the "four-step method", students' computing ability has been improved and gradually become "accurate, fast and flexible". The students have tasted the sweetness because of their successful study. Only with successful experience can they eliminate their fear of setbacks and thus change from passive learning to active learning. Therefore, teachers should start from a small place, start with a topic and a lesson, guide students to explore and summarize learning methods, and truly realize the transformation from "learning" to "learning" and from "asking me to learn" to "I want to learn". So as to improve students' learning initiative. In short, to realize autonomous learning in primary school mathematics classroom teaching and let students actively participate in learning, teachers should pay attention to students' individual differences, respect students' creativity, help and guide students to solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of exploration in time and effectively, and let all students gain a sense of success in mathematics, establish self-confidence and enhance their courage and perseverance to overcome difficulties. Learn to observe and think about problems from the perspective of mathematics, so as to develop thinking ability, stimulate interest in mathematics, enhance confidence and desire in learning mathematics, and appreciate the role of mathematics, so as to learn to learn and actively participate in mathematics learning. As long as teachers can dig deep into their own factors and give full play to students' potential, they will certainly realize the great transformation of students from passive learning to active learning, so that students can really play their subjective initiative in learning, thus improving their initiative in learning.