In South Sudan, the infant mortality rate before one year old is as high as 10%, the coverage rate of public toilets is only 20%, the popularization rate of primary education is only 2%, and the adult literacy rate is less than 15%.

Sudan has a single economic structure, mainly agriculture and animal husbandry, backward industry, weak foundation and strong dependence on nature and foreign aid. The agricultural population accounts for 80%. The export of agricultural and livestock products accounts for 90-95% of the total export value. The output of long-staple cotton ranks second in Africa after Egypt, and the output of gum Arabic ranks first in the world. Animal husbandry is also very important. There are many sheep, cows and camels. Port Sudan is the main seaport, and the Khartoum-Port Sudan Railway is the main road for external traffic. In recent years, Sudan has established an oil industry. With a large number of oil exports, Sudan's economic situation has improved. At present, Sudan has maintained a high economic growth rate among African countries.

But on the whole, both North and South Sudan are among the least developed countries announced by the United Nations. But overall, Sudan's economic development is better than South Sudan's. Since the independence of South Sudan last year, its oil production has accounted for about three-quarters (75%) of the total oil production of the former unified country (500,000 barrels per day).