Translation theories, that is, theories involved in the translation process, can be directly described and obtained through training, while others can only stay at the theoretical level.
Famous translation theories are:
Yan Fu's "Faith and Elegance"
Christina Nord's "Functional Translation Theory".
Eugene Nida's "Functional Equivalence"
Kate Ford's "View of Language"
Basnight's "Cultural Turn Theory"
Fu Lei's "Vividness" —— Concurrently on Literary Translation
Famous translation theories such as "faithfulness and expressiveness" are common in modern times.
The three most influential explanation theories are:
1. Explain the theory. That is, the hypothesis of triangular translation process is put forward, and the translation object should be the meaning of the source language information rather than the language shell.
2. Cognitive load model theory. This has strong operability.
3. Theory of thinking adaptive control mode. Any skilled behavior needs to transform declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge.
What are the basic theories of English translation? Urgent ~ ~ ~ high score
Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory. Nida's functional equivalence
Semantic transformation and municipal translation. The first one focuses on literal translation. The second point is to spread the intention. The first focuses on literal translation, and the second focuses on conveying the communication intention to the target audience.
There was faithfulness and elegance in ancient times.
Loyalty and smoothness * * * smoothness.
Methods Domestication and foreignization were adopted.
Addition and subtraction, literal translation, free translation
What is Newmark's translation theory?
Peter. Newmark is a famous English translation theorist and educator. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the translation thoughts of various schools, Newmark applied stylistics, discourse analysis, semiotics, case grammar, functional grammar and cross-cultural communication theory to translation theory and research, and made an incisive exposition on translation theory, translation teaching, translation linguistics and translation skills. The core of Newmark's translation theory is semantic translation and communicative translation, which are also the most important and distinctive components of his translation theory. His representative works are Methods of Translation (198 1), Textbook of Translation (1988) and About Translation (199 1). In the discussion of translation, Newmark proposed that different text types should adopt different translation methods-semantic translation or communicative translation. According to different contents and styles, he divided the text into expression function, information function, communication function, aesthetic function, entertainment function and metalanguage function. In 1990s, he put forward "Relevance Translation Method", which indicated that his translation theory was becoming more and more systematic. This paper will make a preliminary interpretation of Newmark's main translation theories in order to have a deeper understanding of Newmark's translation theories and apply relevant translation standards to English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation.
I. Language functions and text types
Newmark believes that translation activity is the translation of the text, and translation research can not be separated from the text. Newmark proposed a set of textual functions and their classification according to different contents and styles on the basis of revising Buller's and Jakobson's functional models. He divided the text into the following six categories:
(A) the Expression function (expression function)
The core of expressive function is the speaker and the author. The core of language expression function is that the speaker or author uses these words to express his thoughts, regardless of the reader's reaction. Newmark believes that from the perspective of translation purposes, typical expressive texts are: 1, serious literary works, including lyric poems, short stories, novels, plays and so on. 2. Authoritative speeches mainly include politicians' political speeches and documents, laws and regulations and scientific, philosophical and academic works written by recognized authoritative figures. The authority of these texts comes from the status or reliability of their authors and their language ability. Although most of these texts have no implication, they often bear the "imprint" of the author's personal characteristics; 3. Autobiographies, essays and personal letters. When these texts are an expression of the author's personal feelings and the reader's background is vague, they belong to expressive texts.
When translating expressive texts, we should follow the principle of "the author comes first". Taking the original author as the core, we should be loyal to both the ideological content expressed by the original author and the language style of the original author. In the translation of this kind of text, the translator is not allowed to modify and revise the original text, but must take words, phrases and clauses as the basic translation units as far as possible.
Information function (rmative function)
The core of language information function is the external context, topic facts or factors outside the language. Typical informative texts involve encyclopedic knowledge, and their forms are often very standardized, such as textbooks, technical reports, newspaper or magazine articles, academic papers, memos or meeting minutes. Because of the emphasis on "authenticity", information texts are usually written in modern languages and have no personal characteristics. Therefore, the principle of "authenticity first" should be followed when translating information texts. In language application, the translator can take the reader's language level as the standard, not the original text as the standard. ......
What translation theories and concepts are there in English translation?
The usage and habits of the first language and the second language and the cultural factors they represent in the relevant areas. Psychological factors, translation object factors and so on.
What translation theories are there in the translation field?
1. Practical Translation Course (English-Chinese Translation Supplement)
Author: Feng Qinghua Editor's Press: Introduction to Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press: Practical Translation Course (English-Chinese Translation) is a highly practical translation textbook, which is based on the current translation theories at home and abroad and the author's many years of teaching experience. Since its publication, this book has been reprinted six times in a row and has been well received by English learners. According to the opinions and suggestions put forward by readers, the author updates the original textbook with more space to better meet the needs of readers. Most of the previous translation textbooks are discussed from one side, while this book discusses translation methods from three aspects: language, style and rhetoric. In previous translation textbooks, the translation practice part was generally arranged in the appendix of the whole book, but this book puts the translation practice part in the same important position as the translation theory part. In the practical part, this book carefully arranges novel and effective translation appreciation and practice methods such as version comparison, translator's style research, comparative literature translation, reverse translation and translation, and stylistic language translation. The appendix includes the Chinese and English catalogue of A Dream of Red Mansions and Selected Works, as well as the recommended bibliography of classroom learning and translation self-study, which is of high reference value to college teachers and students and translation self-learners.
2. English-Chinese Translation Course
Author: Zhang Peiji Press: Introduction to Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press: This book is a general translation textbook commissioned by the Ministry of Education by Luoyang Foreign Languages College of China Renmin University, which can be used by senior English majors and amateur translators. The English-Chinese translation theory and practice involved in the book are universal and basically applicable to Chinese-English translation. This book briefly expounds the basic theoretical knowledge of translation, and introduces a series of commonly used English-Chinese translation methods and techniques through comparison between English and Chinese and a large number of translation examples. This book is divided into six chapters. Each chapter is accompanied by post-holiday single sentence exercises, and a large number of short translation homework materials are attached at the end of the book.
3. Contemporary Translation Theory (Second Edition)/Foreign Translation Studies Series
Introduction: Since the middle of19th century, translation theory has made great progress. This book sorts out today's complicated translation theories, and studies and introduces in detail the main viewpoints of several major translation schools-North American translation training school, translation science school, translation research school, multi-system school and deconstruction school. These theories originated in the mid-1960 s and have a wide influence until today. In this book, the author discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various schools, studies the internal relations between different schools, describes the importance of translation theory to today's cultural studies, and questions the assumptions made by the main translation theories today. The second edition of this book updates the viewpoints of various schools and adds the latest research results.
4. British author: Wu Publishing House: Introduction to Wuhan University Press:
At present, there are not only simultaneous interpretation in China, but also professionally trained translators. These conference interpreters, business interpreters, professional interpreters, court interpreters, etc. Use notes. This book is written under this background in order to meet the needs of social development and market. The greatest feature of this book is the combination of theory and practice. By introducing the theoretical knowledge, practical skills and a large number of examples and exercises of interpretation note-taking, students and practitioners can learn and master interpretation note-taking, thus rapidly improving the level and ability of interpretation. ...
5.60 New Translation Studies/Translation Theory and Practice Series
Author: Si Guozhu Press: Introduction of China Foreign Translation Publishing Company:
This book is one of the "Translation Theory and Practice Series" and the crystallization of translation teaching and research since Mr. Guo Si engaged in translation research for ten years. The book is divided into two parts, which introduces some new theories in translation from a novel perspective, including grammar, regional differences, word meaning and so on. This book has certain academic value.
6. English-Chinese legal translation course
Author: Sun Wanbiao Publishing House Editor:
Introduction of Shanghai Foreign Language Education Publishing House: This book provides extremely practical learning materials for students majoring in economics, law and English and those interested in legal translation, and fills the gap. ∩ Xian? Are you looking forward to it? The English materials selected in this book are all taken from the actual contract and divided into 15 units. Each unit includes translation exercises and reference translations, annotations, supplementary exercises and translation skills, which are discussed in detail one by one from actual combat to theory to help readers better understand and master the skills and essence of legal translation. There is also a glossary at the back of this book, which has several columns. ......
What courses do graduate students have in English translation, English translation theory, English translation theory and practice? Can you give me a detailed course name? 5 points
English majors come to answer this question. Translation studies and translation theory and practice (English-Chinese simultaneous interpretation) are both academic masters, while translation masters are MTI and professional masters. At present, the degree education in China is mainly divided into: academic degree (academic theoretical research) or professional degree (focusing on practical ability). There are differences in study years and curriculum between them. Of the three you mentioned, translation studies pay special attention to theoretical research, and you will certainly learn a lot of linguistic theories in three years. As for whether the theory can be used in time, it depends on your own training and accumulation. The possibility of English-Chinese simultaneous interpretation is relatively more practical than translation studies, but you should know that how to weigh theory and practice depends on how well the school you apply for has achieved in this major. Besides, what you said is different from simultaneous interpretation, which still needs a lot of practical experience. So I suggest that if you are interested in interpretation, you'd better choose a master's degree in translation for the following reasons: 1. The master of translation does not need an undergraduate English major, because there is no need to take a second foreign language test when taking the postgraduate entrance examination. If you choose a master's degree, passing a second foreign language may not be better than English itself. There are many practical opportunities. Many masters of translation got the catti certificate when they were in school, which is inseparable from the strong practicality of the course and many practical opportunities.