Stylistic features of prose
A broader definition of style is that there are only four types of styles: prose, poetry, drama and novel. Prose is a kind of style that freely and flexibly expresses what you see and feel, and its form is concise and cordial. Express the author's feelings about life or nature.
The biggest difference between prose and narrative is that the life, nature, events and scenery written in prose are all based on their own feelings, which is the author's special significance and beautiful discovery of things. This discovery is the result of comprehensive thinking of perception, thinking and feeling, which embodies the author's thoughtful consideration and is the emotion, reason, meaning and taste of prose. Narration is to record people and things in life, not from the author's perception.
Prose has a wide range of materials, including all things in the universe, all kinds of characters, macro and micro, and once these materials appear in the article, they are immediately engraved with the author's subjective feelings, representing the author's life experience and viewpoint feelings. Therefore, the same material, different authors see different connotations. Here, we call the source of prose "form" and the author's feeling "spirit". The stylistic features of prose are: scattered form and strong spirit.
Prose writing is more lively, free and eclectic than other styles. The common way is to express emotions, even narrative is full of strong feelings. Prose often combines narrative, lyricism, discussion and so on. The technique of expression can surprise the readers and give them a fresh and unique reading experience. The structure of prose pursues a natural realm. Lenovo is generally used in material selection.
Generally speaking, lyric prose is sometimes magnificent and sometimes has a low voice; Narrative prose is poetic and picturesque, with a winding path; These articles are sincere and colorful ... but no matter how the author arranges the text and organizes the materials, in the final analysis, it is to express his special feelings about life or nature.
Basic grade
First, full of emotion.
Without feelings, it can't be prose. Prose needs the author's subjective feelings, which is second only to poetry in all styles. The general writing rule of prose is: suddenly have a feeling about things, life and scenery, deepen and sublimate the feeling, and perfunctory the writing. This kind of emotion is the essence and the central idea of prose. But to show such a central idea, you have to express your feelings. Therefore, good prose, narrative and discussion have strong feelings, and there are feelings between the lines.
For example, the excellent composition "A little bit of true feelings touched me" in the senior high school entrance examination in Hebei Province is to express your feelings from the little things in life. In writing such an article, the event is not the main thing, but the rich feelings. Another example is the composition "Dream of Youth" in Xuzhou senior high school entrance examination, which eulogizes the beauty of youth and is full of passion. Articles are always emotional, especially prose.
Second, the concept is unique.
The conception of prose is actually the sentiment of prose, and only with sentiment can prose be written. However, ordinary feelings are not welcome. Seeing candles reminds us of teachers, seeing sunflowers reminds us of primary school students ... these "feelings" no longer give us beauty, but generate hatred; Such writing is no longer the production of spiritual products, but the murder of our reading desire. The conception of prose is unique, that is to say, the author's sentiment is a sentiment that reflects the author's unique feelings, unique feelings and unique experiences, and it is a spiritual product that others can't produce.
For example, "Man, stop! Articles ". The purpose of this paper is to give a new explanation to the term "Tianjin Sha Qiu Si". It is divided into three subheadings: 1, dead vine+talented tree+faint crow = high quality wood; 2, small bridge+running water+people = human daily necessities; 3, ancient road+west wind+thin horse = food on the table. This ingenious idea embodies the agility and form of prose to the fullest. Of course, the problem of the environment is not a unique discovery, but the author does not simply state to protect the environment, but focuses on "what people are doing, what they are doing, and what the consequences are" to remind people that they should reflect.
Third, the form is scattered and the spirit is gathered
What I'm talking about here is the source of prose. We also take "man, stop!" ! "For example.
The full text is divided into three parts. The emotion expressed by the quoted poems has nothing to do with the main idea of this article, but it completely fits the center of this article through the author's ingenious association. The material it refers to is also several seemingly unrelated scenes. This form is very scattered, but they all point to the same theme: protecting the environment. This is the advantage of prose, which can make the article vivid and changeable.
Fourth, the feeling is concrete.
Prose takes emotion as the soul, but what is emotion must be clearly stated in the article. Some essays are subtle, but the scenery, people and events of the articles can reflect feelings. A clear understanding of feelings is the same as the theme of narration. Be clear, comforting and thought-provoking, and be clear in the article at the same time.
For example, the article "Close to You" shows the abstract feeling "experience" through a large number of concrete images: "For the first time, the young bird avoided the care of his loving mother and flew under the blue sky and white clouds, and he experienced the vastness of freedom; After a spring rain, Bud smiled and looked at the world strangely. He realized the complexity of the world. Haiyan rang in the wind and rain, he bravely publicized the arrival of the revolutionary flame, and he experienced the joy of victory; The butterfly came to the big garden for the first time, flying east and west, colorful flowers bloomed for her, and it experienced the enthusiasm of the world ... "Through these concrete images, the author's feelings are easy for readers to feel the same.
Development grade
First, the pen is implicit, and small is big.
As mentioned above, prose often wins by surprise, and it is said that there is a way to express the center of prose. This usage of prose is unique. General prose writing can be written from small aspects, so as to win more with less and see the big with small. In fact, a little thing in life, a smile; A leaf, a grain of sand ... can embody a big theme. "A little bit of true feelings touched me" is such a masterpiece. It focuses on the little things we often encounter in our lives, but for a conscientious person, they can also write good articles.
Second, feelings are real.
Whether it is implicit feelings or passionate feelings, we should truly express the author's situation. Because prose has feelings for life or things, it has to be expressed by narration and discussion to guide readers to understand and appreciate the meaning of the article. Such as "Lily's Smile" and other articles, the narrative and discussion are organically combined, and the full text is true and natural.
Second,
Prose writing skills
The theoretical knowledge of stylistic writing should start from the definition, and the elements in the definition can derive various requirements and methods of writing. However, whether poetry or prose is a collection of traditional knowledge.
Chinese is embodied in general writing textbooks, and the understanding of its definition is not accurate and unified, and social attributes are emphasized unilaterally. A traditional literary genre that does not conform to the basic attributes of style is defined as
Nothing is mentioned in this book. What is needed is a stylistic definition that finally expresses the author's personal life. Prose is a flexible and capable way for the author to write his true feelings in his own experience.
Literary genre.
The image of the author in prose is obvious, often narrated in the first person, with distinct personality, as Ba Jin said, "Any prose has my own". In short, it can be said that
It's about expressing yourself. It takes courage. Just as Lu Xun said, "Speak freely and have no scruples", he also praised Cao Cao and Wei Jin prose for "advocating access and detachment". Another example is Liu Bannong.
It is said that prose should be "naked expression" As some people say, "I write about myself", "I say my heart", "Anyway, I only
This is me. Writing the true "I" is the core feature and life of prose. This is the largest element of the definition.
Prose language is very important. The first one is mainly spoken language, with literary language (including archaic and Europeanized languages) as embellishment. The second is to be fresh and natural, natural and graceful. In addition,
You can also pay attention to some language skills, such as the alternation between the length of sentences and the shape of things, such as using rhetoric, especially metaphors, such as talking about the musical beauty of tones, rhythms and melodies.
It is necessary to define the concept of prose writing, that is, the only content and object of prose is the author's emotional experience. All textbooks put forward that prose should write feelings, but it is a work.
It is an essential factor and internal clue. What needs to be emphasized is that emotion is not a one-sided factor, nor is it just a clue, but the object of prose. Prose writers just write things.
Superficial phenomena, fundamentally speaking, are about emotional experience. Emotional experience is an "inseparable god", and people and things are dispensable, more or less "scattered" "shape". bright red
"The Back of Qing Zi" is not a trivial matter of recording going home and parting between father and son, but a kind of pity and love for father and failed father. Serina Liu's "Looking at the River Closure",
The key point is not the natural engineering itself, nor the performance of the builders, but an inner feeling of returning to the mainstream of historical progress. Prose is immersed in suddenness from the beginning.
In the emotional experience of sadness and joy, Lenovo was born-almost lost his mother when he was a child, left the army in the early 1940s, and was forced to put down his pen during the Cultural Revolution.
Wait a minute. Finally, I am full of passion in the face of the grand scene of the interception of the Hengjiang River. Emotional experience is the internal structure of prose. With it, you can draft freely. Well,
Can't help but be clear and definite. With the internal structure of prose-emotional experience, as long as the core of external structure is clear, a good prose can be written. The core of external structure is detail.
Prose, like novels, is based on the description and narration of details, but the arrangement and combination of details are different. It can be said that the details of the novel combination are "holding the pearls on the plate", and
Prose is "threading a bead with a thread". The "disk" of the novel is a cross section of a society, with conflicts, and people of all classes and forces are either hidden or obvious. And the details can only be like this.
Organically exists in the "disk". The "line" of prose is more or less an emotional experience, which is within reach and allows your feelings to flow freely-subject to the performance of emotional experience. Therefore, I
Scholars say that prose (should be called artistic prose) is the freest style, loose as water and flexible in technique. As long as you understand the above four points, you can write your true self and the personality you say and feel from it.
With emotional experience and detailed description, you can master the essentials of prose writing, and you don't have to be too careful to study what meaning, composition (such as literary eye), artistic conception and so on.
Theoretical knowledge and basic theory of writing will be mentioned.
Prose can be mainly divided into narrative prose and lyric prose (still according to the traditional unclear statement). The following are two prose modes for beginners and higher education.
Subjects choose to use.
First, the mode of remembering people's prose
The beginning is a summary of emotional language. Me and this guy, the focus is on the back. Introduce the person, such as a portrait description. (2) The relationship between them and the discussion of people's spiritual characteristics.
▲ The middle situation: one thing. Detailed description and explanation from the beginning, development to the end.
▲ Another situation: several things. Everything, that is, before each level, can be dominated by a person's spiritual characteristics. Based on people's emotional experience and overall discussion
Second, the theory runs through several things.
The end 1) reiterates the characteristics and takes care of the beginning. (2) deepen the emotional relationship and send out feelings.
Third, lyrical prose model
The opening 1 describes his relationship with the landscape. Discuss the scenery and yourself.
The middle 1 describes the scenery, with distinct layers and touching details. Lenovo plays a greater role.
the sense of an ending
Prose Writing —— Conception, Association and Language
Prose often reflects its complex background and profound connotation through accidental and fragmentary events in life, so that "a grain of sand sees the world and half a petal of flowers says human feelings"
"。 To achieve this state, conception is the key.
Conception is the whole process of the author's understanding of a work, from the initial feeling of external things to the whole process of writing. Even when I entered the writing stage, I was still thinking.
Explore, continue to understand the object to be described, and dig deep into its inside story and connotation. This is a complex, arduous and serious spiritual activity, which has a great influence on the writer's personality and cultivation.
, the test of skill. Because the connection between things is profound and subtle, writers should be good at finding their own unique and mysterious connection points from the outside to the inside.
From "guiding the heart" to "understanding", from "welcoming" to "conceiving".
Different writers have different discoveries about the mystery of conception. So there are all kinds of ideas. Qin Mu's conception method is called "snowballing". He writes prose.
At first, I felt just a little, like a small snowflake. With the increase of subject matter, the deepening of experience and the development of Lenovo, it feels like snowballing.
. What is precious here is the initial feeling. In Qin Mu's words, it is the "forefront" part and the most "characteristic" part of things. Once caught by a writer, it is like a full grain.
The seed fell into fertile soil, and the writer moistened it with the sunshine of thoughts and feelings, making it germinate and bear rich fruits. This is a core, and it is getting bigger and bigger, forming a unity.
The idea. His representative works "Land" and "Lyrics of the National Altar" are good examples.
Xu Chi's conception method is called "grasping the present". This "moment" he thinks is the "essential" part of things and the most "glorious" part. Seize this moment and you will
Grasping the clues and grasping the center, scattered and messy materials can be concentrated and have a home. For example, in the Turbulent Vortex, which he created, can draw both positive and negative lessons.
To illustrate this problem.
In short, different writers plan and conceive an essay in different ways, which varies from person to person. Don't insist on uniformity, let alone imitate a cat and draw a tiger. Everyone should have their own uniqueness.
Method, but pay attention to conception, is extremely important for every writer.
An excellent article is almost inseparable from association. The so-called association refers to the imaginative activities of things from one to another and from the outside to the inside. The heart that transitions from one thing to another.
Manage the process. When people recall another thing from the current thing, or when the recalled thing spreads to another thing, it is inseparable from association. In this kind of communication.
In the process of moving, the characteristics and essence of things are more easily highlighted, and the author's ideological understanding can be continuously improved and deepened. The thicker an author's knowledge is accumulated and stored, the more it will be.
The keener you feel about life, the easier it is to make analogy, the more imaginative and creative you are. Association plays an important role in psychological activities. Memory often appears in the form of association, and association also exists.
A process of reasoning that helps to draw inferences from others. Especially in the creation of prose and other literary styles, association has the function of enhancing the artistic charm of works.
The inspiration of the essayist seems accidental, but it is inevitable and wonderful, which comes from long-term accumulation. The thicker the accumulation, the more sensitive it is. Isn't prose triggering expensive? This and that are very touching.
Hair, for what you are currently experiencing, finding the side meaning is both a trigger and an association. Deep accumulation helps to deepen the trigger. To turn "the soul of poetry" into poetry, we must start from
To trigger this idea, association and imagination must also play a role. Many old experiences should be melted, abstracted and reorganized, if there is no certain life accumulation to rely on, to imagine and to associate.
Our wings can't fly. Objective things are always interrelated, and different things are reflected in the author's mind, thus forming various associations.
-There are close associations between things that are close in space or time (for example, reservoirs remind people of hydroelectric generators); Similar associations formed by things with similar characteristics (as Lu Xun remembered)
Gorky); Contrasting things form contrasting associations (such as thinking of darkness from light); Things that have a causal relationship form causal associations (such as thinking about the heat of fire).
The association of prose is always combined with careful observation and subtle description. The picture of prose, first of all, strives to be real and concrete, making people read as if they were there, and at the same time, it should include
It is rich and profound, which makes people feel deeply when reading it. The more imagination and aftertaste the author gives readers, the stronger the fragrance of poetry, which is inseparable from rich and active associations. unite
Thinking is essentially the deepening of observation, the observation here and now, and the integration of observation there and there at that time. Without this mastery, there will be no deepening of feelings and sublimation of thoughts.
The crystallization of poetry. If careful observation has collected rich minerals for the author, then the active association is the smelting and processing of these minerals. Lenovo is not based on
Personal flashes, rambling thoughts. If a writer wants to make Lenovo's wings fly, he has no extensive knowledge and fails to grasp the internal relations and details between things.
Without personal creativity and passion, there is no broad space for personal hobbies, and there is no broad space for thoughts and fantasies, forms and contents. It can only be like a sparrow in the crown of a tree.
The sample lingers on the grass, but it can't spread its wings in the Wan Li like Dapeng and fly freely in the vast sky.
The charm of prose style certainly comes from the writer's true knowledge, true opinion, authenticity and true feelings. But if we want to turn it into a literary work with harmonious colors, natural rhythm and meaningful charm, we must also
We must rely on the mastery of words and the high purification of pen and ink.
Literary talent lies not in fancy, deliberately carving words, but in expression, simplicity and sincerity. Such as rhetoric, just like a woman who loves beauty but is not good at dressing up, thinking
Grease and powder, the thicker the better, colorful, the brighter the better, in fact, it is very vulgar and makes people frown.
Prose writers should have a particularly keen eye and insight, be able to see and discover what others have not seen, and also need extremely rigorous and profound writing skills. When creating
Don't be impetuous, calm down, try to find the right words, arrange them and express more meanings in a few words. This is what the ancients called "writing"
Simple and complicated. "To make the language present a vivid picture, briefly describe the voice, appearance and main features of the characters, so that readers can firmly remember the characters described at once.
Movement, gait and intonation.
The language of prose is beautiful, and the writer has many original and incisive opinions. Qin Mu said: "Literary talent also produces artistic charm and writing interest. Rich vocabulary, vivid spoken language,
The combination of sonorous syllables, appropriate even sentences, vivid descriptions and wonderful overlapping sentences will increase the interest of writing. She Shusen said: "The language of prose.
It seems to be more dense and sculptural than novels, but lighter and more natural than poetry. Simple and unique, simple and beautiful, full of natural emotions. It can be said that it
The beauty of beauty is just between this thick and light, sculpture and nature. "
Prose has a small space and a large capacity, and the writing style is the most taboo. It is slow and can't hold the foot-binding cloth of old Wang Po, and it is long and smelly. Simplicity is not simplicity, but simplicity; Biggie
Jane, not Jane, is a highly accurate generalization. At the beginning of Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu, he wrote: "When the six kings are finished, the four seas are one. Squatting in the foothills, A Fang is going out. " Just twelve words, just
Wrote the fall of the six countries. Qin Shihuang unified the world and cut down all the trees in Shushan. The top of the mountain was bare. Here, Epang Palace was built. In just twelve words,
Writing such rich historical content and such a large time and space span can really be described as "concise and complicated". Natural and unrestrained, for people, is a kind of temperament, a kind of demeanor. For prose,
, that is, there are various statements. Short sentences, promoting and strict; Long sentences, comfortable and slow; The sentence is even, symmetrical and dignified; Strange sentences are beautiful and free and easy. These sentence patterns are patchwork, harmonious and convenient.
The unique beauty of concise and unique prose language.
The simple beauty of prose language does not exclude gorgeous beauty, and the two are relatively established. In prose works, we often see the combination of simplicity and magnificence. Thick ink is very heavy.
Try to render colorful places, such as the sunset glow like brocade on the horizon; This simple place is an understatement, like a clear stream trickling. Simple as a beauty's "light moth eyebrow", China.
Beauty is not a bunch of beautiful words, but a delicate artistic process, without the trace of an axe. But whether it is simple or gorgeous, if it is not attached to the beauty of sincere feelings and lofty thoughts,
It is easy to be like an infinite duckweed, become pale and powerless, and become a fancy word game.
Like the ocean of life, the ocean of language is boundless. The style of writing is chic, eclectic, fresh and artistic, with novel language, clever metaphor and charming charm.
Wonderful refrain, wise epigram, beautiful parallelism, meaningful epigram, witty proverb, witty humor, implicit suggestion, and the free use of various artistic skills,
It will make prose creation more fresh, meaningful and radiant.
Third, prose writing:
Prose Writing 2006- 12-03 18:07 The theoretical knowledge of stylistic writing should start with the definition.
The elements in the definition can derive various requirements and writing methods. However, the traditional understanding of both poetry and prose is concentrated in general writing textbooks, and the understanding of its definition is not accurate and unified.
And one-sided emphasis on social attributes. The definition of traditional literary genre that does not conform to the essential attributes of style is not mentioned in this book. What is needed is a stylistic definition that finally expresses the author's personal life.
Prose is a flexible literary genre, in which the author writes his true feelings in his own experience.
The author's image in prose is obvious, often narrated in the first person, with distinct personality, as Ba Jin said, "Any prose has my own".
In short, it can be said to be self-expression. It takes courage. Just as Lu Xun said, "Speak freely and have no scruples", he also praised Cao Cao and Wei Jin prose for "advocating access and detachment". As Liu Bannong said,
Prose should be "naked", "I will write about myself" and "speak my mind" as some people say.
That's who I am anyway. I ... Writing the true "I" is the core feature and life of prose. This is the largest element of the definition.
Prose language is very important. The first one is mainly spoken language, with literary language (including archaic and Europeanized languages) as embellishment. The second is to be fresh and natural, natural and graceful. In addition, we can also pay attention to some language skills, such as the alternation between the length of sentence patterns and the shape of things, such as using rhetoric, especially metaphor, such as talking about the musical beauty of tone, rhythm and melody.
We must define the concept of prose writing,
This is the only content and object of prose and the author's emotional experience. All textbooks put forward that prose should write feelings, but this is a necessary factor and an internal clue. What needs to be emphasized is that emotion is not a one-sided factor, nor is it just a clue, but the object of prose. Prose writers and writers are only superficial phenomena. Fundamentally speaking, they write about emotional experiences. Emotional experience is an "inseparable god", and people and things are dispensable, more or less "scattered" "shape".
Zhu Ziqing's "Back" is not to record the trivia of going home and parting between father and son.
It shows pity and love for his father and his failed father. Serina Liu's "watching river closure" does not pay attention to the natural engineering itself or the performance of the builders.
But an inner feeling of returning to the mainstream of historical progress. Prose was immersed in a sudden emotional experience of sadness and joy from the beginning, which led to association-I almost lost my job with my mother when I was a child, left the army in the early 1940s, and was forced to put down my pen during the Cultural Revolution.
Finally, I am full of passion in the face of the grand scene of the interception of the Hengjiang River. Emotional experience is the internal structure of prose. With it,
You are free to draft. This point can't be ambiguous and definite. With the internal structure of prose-emotional experience,
As long as the core of the external structure is clear, a good article can be written. The core of external structure is detail. Prose, like novels,
Description and narration based on details, but the arrangement and combination of details are different. It can be said that the combination details of the novel are "holding pearls with plates" and the prose is "threading pearls with threads".
The "disk" of the novel is a cross section of a society, with conflicts, and people of all classes and forces are either hidden or obvious.
Details can only be developed organically in such a "disk". The "line" of prose is emotional experience, more or less handy.
Let your feelings flow freely-based on the performance of emotional experience. So we say that prose (should be called artistic prose) is the freest style.
Loose as water, flexible in technique. As long as you understand the above four points, write your true self and the resulting personal oral language, emotional experience and detailed description, you will master the essentials of prose writing, and you don't have to be too cautious to study the general understanding of meaning, style (such as literary eyes) and artistic conception. Other theoretical knowledge of style and basic theory of writing will be mentioned.
Prose can be mainly divided into narrative prose and lyric prose (still according to the traditional unclear statement). Here are two sample essays for beginners and highly educated candidates to choose from.
The mode of remembering people's prose
The beginning is a summary of emotional language. Me and this guy, the focus is on the back. Introduce the person, such as a portrait description. (2) The relationship between them and the discussion of people's spiritual characteristics.
▲ The middle situation: one thing. Detailed description and explanation from the beginning, development to the end.
▲ Another situation: several things. Everything, that is, before each level, can be dominated by a person's spiritual characteristics. Several things run through this person's emotional experience and overall discussion.
The end 1) reiterates the characteristics and takes care of the beginning. (2) deepen the emotional relationship and send out feelings.
Lyric prose mode
The opening 1 describes his relationship with the landscape. Discuss the scenery and yourself.
The middle 1 describes the scenery, with distinct layers and touching details. Lenovo plays a greater role.
the sense of an ending
References:
All the above are from Baidu search, and the source is not indicated one by one. Wu narrative and prose are two parallel stylistic forms. The form of expression of prose is scattered in form but not in spirit, while narrative often requires concise and standardized writing, and there cannot be too many divergent things.
Prose can be divided into narrative, philosophical and lyric.
Authenticity is the life of prose, in which narration is not for narration, but for expressing the author's feelings and emotions.
Example: I like grass.
Friend, what do you like best in this beautiful and magical nature? Is it a vast blue sky? Is it a high and steep mountain peak? Is it a colorful flower? It's still a mirror-clear stream ... but I like inconspicuous grass.
I like grass because it has tenacious vitality. Spring has just arrived, everything is revived and the earth is full of vitality. Grass also slipped out, all of a sudden covered with Shan Ye. From a distance, the earth is green. Seeing the grass growing sturdily in the crevices and the little green on the cliff all show the tenacity of the grass's vitality. On the lawn of the park, people trample the grass under their feet without care, but with firm and tenacious perseverance, they get back on their feet and grow faster and greener than before.
I like grass because it gives people a kind of strength. "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high" is a true portrayal of the grass. Grass doesn't need much care like flowers. No matter in fertile plains or barren hills, grass thrives and adorns the earth with its own body, giving people a kind of forward force and inspiring people to forge ahead.
I like grass because it is both ordinary and great. Grass is not as magnificent as peony, as white as lotus and as tall as tree, but it never needs to be cared for and never shows off itself. It is always an unknown contribution to make the world a better place.
Ah, Grass, it is you who make China full of green, and it is you who add luster to the motherland. Let's join hands and let the grass spread all over the motherland.