Understanding of emotions, attitudes and values

Qin Lifu

After reading the articles and homework handed in by teachers all day, I found that many teachers still have a lot of doubts about the understanding of three-dimensional goals, and most of them have not jumped out of the old pattern of knowledge, ability and ideological education goals.

In the new curriculum reform, the most obvious and biggest influence on teachers is the proposal of three-dimensional goals, in which the goals of emotion, attitude and values seem to be easy to understand. Many people take it for granted that it is nothing more than a simple expansion of the old ideological education goals and a narrow understanding.

So how to understand the goal of emotional attitude and values? Let me talk about my humble opinion.

As a national education curriculum, it is impossible to delete the will of the state, so we make sure that emotion, attitude and values include the aspects of ideological education goals in the old curriculum.

However, as a humanities subject like history, the ultimate goal of history education is to let students learn from the past and serve their lives.

Our education provides students with the basis for their future development, including knowledge, ability, morality and values. In a word, it is to lay the foundation for the all-round development of students in the future, face the future of students, serve students for life, and look at this problem from the perspective of long-term sustainable development.

Therefore, when we understand the value of emotions, attitudes and values, we should also understand them from all angles.

If we only understand it as a simple expansion of ideological education, it will limit our vision, and without a higher three-dimensional vision, our effective history teaching will be impossible.

Teachers also have a misunderstanding, that is, they regard knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values as three levels that are dispersed and gradually progressive, or they think that knowledge and ability are the basis for reaching emotional attitude and values, and process and method are the methods to achieve them.

The three-dimensional goal in the new curriculum is three dimensions of a thing, and in popular terms, it is three aspects of a thing. We can't separate them into three superimposed surfaces, but we should grasp the relationship between them and make a three-dimensional three-dimensional prism.

Usually when we design teaching, every knowledge point should be considered from these three dimensions.

A knowledge point may have three goals, or only two, or only one.

Because many knowledge points contain the goals of emotional attitudes and values, different knowledge points in a class may have different goals of emotional attitudes and values. How should we deal with this situation? We should grasp the core value or idea of this course.

Textbook writers put these contents in a lesson when writing, which has their own principles and ideas, and this lesson is closely related to the goal of the whole unit and even the goal of the whole module.

When our teacher prepares lessons (preparing lessons is one aspect, but by no means all), the first step is to understand the reasons why the textbook writers do this, and what the textbook writers want students to get through the content of this lesson.

Then the teacher can have his own understanding according to the editor's ideas or according to his own understanding.

Let's give an example to illustrate that the lesson "Xia Shang Zhou Political System" mainly talks about three systems, from abdication system to hereditary system of the throne.

The hierarchical system of enfeoffment.

Patriarchal system to maintain blood relationship.

Looking at this lesson, we can extract the core point of this lesson, which is one word: stability.

From abdication to hereditary system of throne.

In the later period of abdication, the legacy of early abdication ceased to exist, and a fierce struggle was launched around abdication. In order to maintain the stability of the situation, we can no longer implement the abdication system that anyone can be king, and we can only use one surname.

Although only one surname can be a monarch, many children with the same surname will also compete for the monarch. In order to avoid this situation, the enfeoffment system of eldest son inheritance system came into being.

With the continuation of the enfeoffment system, a large number of small clans are increasing. In order to maintain a stable situation, patriarchal clan system also began to appear.

The ritual and music system around these systems, as well as the hierarchical concept in the thoughts of Confucius and others, are also to serve and stabilize this goal.

Then our emotional attitude, values and goals will be obvious at this time.

Stability is the premise of development.

It is this stable situation that ensures the development of China and our position in the ancient world.

These political systems in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties were all our creations and contributed to the development of our country.

Further contact with the present, the proposal of a harmonious society, the overriding stability and so on. These theories are not empty slogans in students' minds, but justified necessities.

Compared with the goals in our old textbooks, such as better safeguarding our own rule, the goals of this emotional attitude and values are high or low.

In order to better grasp the goal of emotional attitude and values, teachers need to make a big breakthrough in their educational concept, and truly regard students as people with flesh and blood and independent thoughts, and truly regard students as the main body of learning.

Give them more things of truth, goodness and beauty, which are inexhaustible for students' lifelong development.

Maybe a few years later, the student has forgotten the specific historical facts, but these emotional attitudes and values will always play a role in him.

Secondly, teachers should constantly strengthen their majors.

Under the new curriculum, the study of history is democratic, and the teacher actually teaches him the history he understands.

The basic skills of history major greatly affect teachers' understanding of history, and teachers, as instructors, are superior to students in understanding and historical facts.

Give the students a bowl of water and the teacher wants a bucket of water.

Only by continuously strengthening the study of history major can we continuously broaden our horizons and find the emotional attitudes and values contained in it at a higher level.

Only in this way can we better realize the educational goal of emotional attitude and values.

1. talk about your understanding of three-dimensional goals in combination with your subject characteristics.

Three-dimensional goal: "knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values."

"is a target concept of the new curriculum concept.

This paper comprehensively and correctly summarizes the connotation and extension of teaching objectives, and reviews and describes the integration and differentiation, function and status, achievements and effects of teaching objectives from the perspective of educational science.

It is conducive to the comprehensive implementation and implementation of teaching objectives in the teaching process.

Knowledge and skills are the core of three-dimensional goals, with relative forms of expression, rich or poor knowledge and strong or weak skills, which are the objective knowledge and ability structure of students; For educators, it is easy to operate in educational measurement and evaluation.

In the process of education implementation, it is obviously the pursuit of the greatest optimization of knowledge and skills.

Therefore, in the process of Chinese teaching in compulsory education, we should master the corresponding basic knowledge and ability of Chinese according to the requirements of knowledge and ability set by curriculum standards. It is necessary to grasp the integration of overall goals and phased goals, step by step, and rise alternately; According to the nature and position of Chinese subject, we are committed to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy, laying the foundation for students' all-round development and lifelong development, and truly cultivating students' Chinese literacy.

However, in the implementation of teaching, students' acquisition of knowledge and skills is influenced by teaching methods and learning methods, including learning habits and learning process.

Process and method are behaviors, wills and tendencies that accompany knowledge and skill learning, and are the soul of three-dimensional goals.

The acquisition of knowledge and skills depends on a good method and a certain process.

Good methods are formed through long-term teaching and learning, including experience and habits. , is a valuable personal wealth.

Learning different knowledge and skills requires corresponding methods and processes.

Therefore, in Chinese teaching activities, we should follow the laws and methods of learning Chinese.

For example, in the teaching of poetry appreciation, it is necessary to cultivate students' hobby and desire to read poetry; We should grasp the image of poetry and the poet's thoughts and feelings.

According to the characteristics of Chinese education, we should pay attention to the influence and infection of Chinese, so that students can experience and feel Chinese; We should pay attention to the process of students' Chinese practice, expose students to more Chinese materials and cultivate students' Chinese practice ability; We should pay attention to cultivating students' independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods and cultivate innovative spirit; We should strive to build an open and energetic Chinese course, establish interdisciplinary subjects, and use modern teaching methods to broaden the field of learning Chinese, so that students can broaden their horizons and improve their learning efficiency in the cross-infiltration and integration of different subject contents and methods.

Emotion, attitude and values are the objective reflection and subjective judgment and choice of knowledge and ability in learners' minds, which have the tendency of behavioral will and are relatively secret.

It is often impossible to measure it by a model or means, which belongs to the category of world outlook and values, that is, Chinese subject is ideological and humanistic.

Therefore, in Chinese teaching, students should be educated to love socialism and the motherland.

Starting from the interests of the people and the country, the most fundamental purpose is to serve the motherland, serve the people, study hard and overcome difficulties.

In the teaching process, students are guided to understand and master the correct world outlook, outlook on life and values according to different contents.

For example, when studying the article "I and Ditan", people have to face setbacks and difficulties. How to be a person who makes a difference to society and human beings? When studying My Uncle Yule, we should learn the content of the text, understand the content, guide the students to have compassion and love, criticize the unfair social system, and establish the socialist modern consciousness of a harmonious society.

2. How to deal with the relationship between process and conclusion in teaching practice and cultivate students to learn to learn?

I teach Chinese, so I want to share my views with you in practice.

Chinese teaching is not only a process of imparting knowledge and cultivating ability, but also a process of emotional participation, cultivation and development.

So, how can we pluck the strings of students' emotions and let them really participate in the learning process? Here are some of my shallow explorations.

First, seduce feelings with feelings.

Teachers are guides, organizers and collaborators in the teaching process. If we can create a harmonious learning atmosphere, we can induce students' positive learning mood.

I always pay attention to the cultivation of emotions in class, such as a kind name, an expectant look and a loving smile.

Classroom teaching is a process of mutual communication and infection between teachers and students, and teachers are the most active and active factors affecting students.

Therefore, as soon as teachers step into the classroom, they should be full of energy, smile and look at all the students with kind eyes, so that every student can feel that they are valued and cared for, thus shortening the psychological distance between teachers and students.

In teaching, teachers should pay attention to their emotional expression and input, give each student a trust, and subtly infect them with their dedication and love for students.

The ancients said, "Learn from your teacher and believe in it."

To this end, teachers must establish prestige and truly "learn to be teachers and run the world".

The idiom "love me, love my dog" means that if you love someone, you will love things related to him.

Similarly, if students have a good impression on teachers, they will definitely transfer to the subjects taught by teachers and form a positive educational force.

Therefore, teachers should care about students from the aspects of thought, life and study, and "be affectionate and righteous". Only when the two resonate can emotions resonate, and students' potential and creativity can be fully exerted.

In addition, in teaching, teachers should look for the bright spot of each student, say more words of encouragement and praise, less reprimand and less criticism, which will undoubtedly make students have a positive learning mood.

Second, pregnant with the environment.

Create a relaxed and democratic classroom teaching environment. Teachers should not stand on the podium for a long time and make loud noises, but should walk off the podium and blend in with the students.

In addition, some "rules" can be dispensed with: if you are basically focused, you don't have to sit still; There is no need to raise your hand in a unified posture ... to give students full freedom and cultivate their enthusiasm for learning.

Teachers should get rid of the shelf of "showing dignity as a teacher". The new teaching concept requires teachers to be organizers, instructors, collaborators and participants in teaching activities.

However, in actual teaching, teachers often put themselves in the position of "organizer" and "instructor", but it is difficult to really "participate" and "cooperate".

Teachers should always stoop in class, put themselves among students, and teachers and students cooperate happily and sincerely, so that the whole classroom is full of democratic and harmonious atmosphere.

Teachers are no longer "owners of knowledge and judges of right and wrong", but members of students, their friends and collaborators who explore the mysteries of knowledge with them.

3. Using knowledge to promote emotional mathematics learning is not only a cognitive process, but also an emotional development process accompanying the cognitive process, and the emotional development will also promote the development of thinking.

In teaching, teachers should fully tap the emotional factors in mathematics knowledge, build the emotional cornerstone of students, and achieve the teaching realm of integration of knowledge and practice.

Happy emotional experience can make you sensitive, imaginative and proactive; On the other hand, it makes people nervous and depressed, which affects cognitive development.

Therefore, it is a pleasant thing to make full use of emotion in teaching and make students feel learning.

Fourth, it is the best teacher to stimulate learning motivation with actual emotions and generate positive emotional interest.

In practice, many teachers have created interesting teaching methods, which can often arouse students' interest and produce pleasant emotional experience, and get twice the result with half the effort.

Learning * * *, the energy of life will be released under such a call, and surprises and miracles will be conceived and born under such a call.

In the teaching process, teachers should pay attention to extracting Chinese questions from real life, be good at guiding students to apply book knowledge to practice, grasp typical examples, extend them, and compile practical application questions that hide textbook knowledge.

Only in this way can students realize that Chinese comes from reality, exists in reality and is applied to reality.

Let students feel that Chinese is everywhere in their lives, thus forming a good awareness of learning and using Chinese, which will also stimulate students' interest in learning Chinese.

3. Talk about how you educate students about feelings, attitudes and values in teaching.

Cultivating students' good "emotional attitude and values" is one of the three goals of the new curriculum standard. The specific ways to achieve this goal in Chinese teaching are:

First, let students know the truth, goodness and beauty in intensive reading.

Chinese learning is to grasp the thoughts and feelings contained in the text by learning the text.

For example, by studying Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, students can grasp the faint sadness and the quiet beauty of the moonlight on the Lotus Pond through fat and repeated reading. Learn "Qinyuanchun Changsha", learn the author's infinite love for the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland through repeated reading, and learn the heroic feelings of the author as a proletarian revolutionary who borrows money without compensation.

The second is to improve students' ideological cultivation in inspirational words.

Words are the carrier of the writer's thoughts, conveying the author's joys and sorrows.

Through the study of Qin, students can understand the author's sigh about the rise and fall of history by using various rhetorical devices such as parallelism and contrast in repeated reading, so that students can understand the truth that "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the trend of attack and defense is only different" and further realize the importance of building a harmonious socialist society.

The third is to stimulate students' love for motherland literature in extensive reading.

Guide students to read after class, stimulate students' love for motherland literature through reading, read Tang poetry and Song poetry, understand the magnificence of China's ancient poetry, read four classic works, and understand the profoundness of China's ancient literature. Anyone who reads something will gain something.

4. Explain how to achieve the unity of three-dimensional goals in teaching with your own class examples or cases.

Knowledge and ability are the starting point and destination of classroom teaching.

Process and method are not only one of the goals of classroom teaching, but also the operating system of classroom teaching.

Emotion, attitude and values are not only one of the goals of classroom teaching, but also the dynamic system of classroom teaching.

The new curriculum advocates the unity of three-dimensional objectives in classroom teaching. For Chinese teaching:

(1) Pay attention to the generation, development, application and further development of knowledge in the teaching of knowledge and ability; Attach importance to the basic methods of learning knowledge and the significance of method selection, and teach students to "fish"; Attach importance to students' autonomy, inquiry and cooperation in learning, guide students' learning methods, respect students' unique experiences and feelings, and enhance students' self-confidence and consciousness in learning.

(2) Infiltrate the realization of process and method objectives into the teaching of knowledge and ability.

Attach importance to the coordination of teaching and learning methods; Attach importance to the design of students' activities and training; Attach importance to the inquiry process of knowledge; Attach importance to communication and interaction.

(3) Integrate the realization of emotion, attitude and values into the realization of knowledge and ability, process and method.

Then the most important thing is to attach importance to the creation of situations and the power of example.

Let them form personalized emotions, attitudes and value cognition in the practical actions they try, and form personal emotions, attitudes and values.

In a word, I think knowledge and ability are the core of teaching objectives, which are finally realized through processes and methods, and the realization process of emotions, attitudes and values; Process and method are an integral part of teaching objectives and the operating system of classroom teaching, which is realized by infiltrating into the realization of knowledge and ability objectives; Emotion, attitude and values are the components of teaching objectives, the dynamic system of classroom teaching, and are realized with the realization of knowledge and ability, process and method objectives.

Three-dimensional targets are closely linked, which can only be realized as a whole and cannot be divided.

5. Talk about the experience, gains and opinions of learning this topic (it can be aimed at the whole topic or one of them).

The three-dimensional goals of knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values in the new curriculum are the inheritance and development of traditional teaching concepts, and are comprehensive, unified and comprehensive quality education for the educated in ideological and moral, civic literacy, learning ability, communication and cooperation, physical education and health, aesthetics and performance.

Its core purpose is to establish students' dominant position, and also to recognize and respect people's values and abilities.

It embodies the modern teaching concept that education should be people-oriented, teaching should respect individual differences and promote the all-round and harmonious development of people's quality. It embodies humanity, inquiry, practicality and emotion, and requires teachers and students to learn knowledge, master methods and improve skills in equality, interaction and harmony. It embodies the organic unity of education and teaching in the teaching process; It embodies the organic combination of cultivating students' non-intelligence quality and developing students' intelligence quality.

The new curriculum teaching puts students' initiative to explore the spirit and cultivate individual activities with personality characteristics and good thinking quality in the first place, with encouragement as the means, students' effective thinking and activities as the core and training performance as the main line.

It can better adjust and stimulate students' intrinsic motivation in learning, fully mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, and pay full attention to students' activities, exploration, evaluation and performance. It has the characteristics of paying more attention to society, life, being advanced and practical, and strengthening quality.

In the new curriculum teaching, we should do a good job in the implementation of the "three-dimensional" goal and pay attention to the "truth" and "vividness" of classroom teaching; "Success" and "Faith" are two pairs of teaching arts.

First, the relationship between "truth" and "life"

Traditional classroom teaching pursues the implementation of "two basics", and "seeking truth" and "seeking stability" are its main characteristics.

This kind of classroom teaching mode has its rationality, but it also has obvious shortcomings, that is, students learn too "dead" and too closed.

The new curriculum emphasizes "student-oriented", respects students' dominant position and promotes the development of students' potential, which is a vivid life development process.

Therefore, our classroom teaching advocates students "moving" and "living".

How to make the classroom "live"? We adopted such a method: let the questions enter the classroom; Let cooperative learning enter the classroom; Let multimedia technology enter the classroom; Methods of bringing democratic teacher-student relationship into the classroom.

"Reality" and "liveliness" in classroom teaching are a pair of contradictions and complement each other.

Seeking truth is not death, but life, not chaos.

Seeking "truth" cannot be at the expense of losing students' initiative and creativity in learning, nor can it be at the expense of inhibiting students' happy experience and positive thinking; Seeking "excitement" is not the pursuit of classroom surface excitement and fancy renovation of activity forms.

Instead, it is to pursue students' moderate mental stress, active thinking, deepening experience, better implementing teaching objectives and improving efficiency.

Classroom teaching should be effective, enjoyable and satisfactory.

Second, the relationship between "bearing" and "new"

The spirit of hard study under the traditional teaching mode will never go out of date, nor will it go out of date with intensive teaching and more practice. The mastery of knowledge and skills is inseparable from a certain amount of training.

Of course, there should be an appropriate degree of "more" practice; As for the teaching method, it will be used all the time. If you talk too much and abuse it, you have to change it, but if you don't talk, it won't work.

We should learn and understand the supporting theories of the new curriculum reform, and at the same time understand the fine traditions of ethnic education and teaching. Taking rote learning as an example, it is certainly not good to do too much, but it is still necessary to rote learning. Some beautiful ancient poems recited in our primary school can be used for life without understanding them. If we think that we have great information storage and dissemination ability now, our memory will be useless and will be great.

All experts agree that memory should be trained from an early age, and it is not appropriate to cancel some traditional training that is regarded as boring in school.

There is no innovation without inheritance, and inheritance is the source of innovation; Innovation is also inseparable from inheritance, which is based on inheritance and takes innovation as the direction.

This is dialectics.

We also need to talk about the dialectics of traditional teaching ideas and methods.

Of course, we should not stick to the rules in teaching, but dare to practice, cross the river by feeling the stones and make bold breakthroughs, which is the cradle of cultivating practical ability and innovative spirit; We should also constantly reflect, find ways along the channels, and be good at summing up. This is the most effective way to improve our level.

Only in this way can inheritance and innovation be organically combined, so that they will not continue to develop and have the stamina for innovation.

The classroom teaching of the new curriculum is related to the quality and development of students from generation to generation. Have a high sense of professionalism and responsibility, be both enthusiastic and calm. We should not only go forward boldly, but also explore steadily to ensure the implementation of the three-dimensional goals of knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values in teaching.