Scientific research methods of lecture education
Educational science is the general name of all branches of disciplines that study the laws of education. Including pedagogy, educational psychology, educational philosophy, educational sociology, educational management, educational economics, educational statistics and teaching theory. These educational disciplines are the scientific theoretical basis of the lecture. Pedagogy, educational philosophy and teaching theory have the greatest influence on the lecture.
1. Pedagogical basis of lectures.
Pedagogy is a social discipline that studies educational phenomena and reveals educational laws. It is an important basic subject of various educational disciplines. Because of its different research objects, it can be divided into general pedagogy, pedagogy in various professional fields and pedagogy in special fields. The lectures in ordinary primary and secondary schools are mainly about general pedagogy. The contents of general pedagogy generally include: basic education theory, teaching theory, moral education theory and school management theory. The educational laws, principles and methods revealed by it provide the guidance of scientific educational concept and methodology for the theory and practice of lectures. Because pedagogy is comprehensive, theoretical and practical, we should make a comprehensive study of education with the knowledge of philosophy, sociology and psychology, so as to reveal the laws of education, explain educational methods and guide educational practice. Only under the guidance of the general principles of pedagogy and educational methodology can lectures be gradually theorized, scientific and systematic, and finally become a science.
One of the characteristics of the lecture is to highlight the theory. This is the fundamental difference between preparing lessons and teaching. We can see how to teach from the lesson plan, how to teach from the classroom, and why to teach like this. Only by listening to the class can we know. This feature requires teachers to have a certain level of pedagogy theory, and must use pedagogy theory to study teaching materials, choose teaching methods, determine learning methods, arrange teaching processes and so on. Only by guiding teaching practice according to pedagogy theory can we avoid the blindness of teaching and make it conform to the requirements of teaching laws and principles revealed by pedagogy. Pedagogy theory provides a scientific theoretical basis for teaching "Why to teach like this". In order to highlight the theoretical characteristics of lectures and improve the quality of lectures, teachers must seriously study pedagogy theory and strive to improve the level of educational theory.
The second feature of the lecture is the emphasis on science, and teaching requires the most scientific way to impart scientific knowledge. Some teachers are too lazy to delve into textbooks, follow the book, and don't distinguish right from wrong; There are also some teachers who only teach by experience and do not pay attention to the update of knowledge, which leads to continuous teaching mistakes. And explain one by one in the classroom why teachers are urged to study pedagogy theory hard, and strive to impart knowledge accurately in accordance with the requirements of the principle of unity of science and ideology in pedagogy, so as to achieve the unity of science and ideology.
The third feature of the lecture is clear hierarchy. This is because the object of lectures is not students who receive education, but high-level leaders and teachers. Therefore, the lecturer is required to make his teaching reach a high level, including his teaching conception, teaching method selection, blackboard writing design, language scrutiny and so on. This forces teachers to study educational theory hard to meet the requirements of subject teaching theory, thus enriching the theoretical basis of their lectures and making lectures reach a high level.
The fourth feature of the lecture is full foresight. In other words, the class should be based on the analysis of students' knowledge base and intellectual development level, and make a more accurate prediction of students' acceptance of knowledge. However, whether the prediction is accurate and whether it is handled properly depends on the theory of pedagogy. Pedagogy studies the laws and principles of the relationship between teaching and learning, which provides a scientific theoretical basis for teachers to talk about teaching methods and learning methods. Based on this, teachers' research on how to guide students' learning problems can solve students' learning problems.
2. The educational philosophy foundation of the lecture.
Educational philosophy is an educational science that studies the fundamental problems of education under the guidance of philosophical views and draws general laws to guide educational theory and practice. It is a marginal subject with dual nature of pedagogy and philosophy. Its main contents include the object and method of educational philosophy, the social function of education, human development and education, educational teleology, knowledge and teaching, morality and moral education, etc. Lecture is one of the important contents of pedagogy, which is based on a certain philosophy. Therefore, it should be guided by pedagogy theory and based on educational philosophy theory.
First of all, we should tell the teaching purpose of this topic, which is to determine the teaching purpose of this topic under the guidance of the "educational teleology" of educational philosophy. In the process of determining the teaching purpose, the lecture will dialectically analyze the specific relationship between education, upbringing and development, and under the guidance of the theory of "knowledge and teaching" of educational philosophy, tell what basic knowledge is taught to students and what basic skills are formed through the teaching of this topic; Under the guidance of the theory of "human development and education" in educational philosophy, this paper tells what intelligence and ability students should develop through the teaching of this topic; Under the guidance of the theory of "morality and moral education" in educational philosophy, through the teaching of this topic, students are told what ideological and moral education should be carried out, and so on.
There are a series of other factors related to the educational process. Such as knowledge, knowledge and ability, thought and morality. , as well as the teaching purpose and teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means. , thus forming a series of contradictions in the teaching process. To teach a lesson well, we must use the principles of educational philosophy to correctly understand and deal with the complex contradictions and relationships among various factors and links. In particular, it is necessary to deal with the relationship and connection between teaching materials and teaching methods, teaching methods and learning methods, and various teaching procedures and steps. In a word, lecturing is an extremely complicated work, which needs to correctly handle the contradictions in its complex system and the relationship between subsystems, so it must be firmly based on Marxist educational philosophy.
3. The theoretical basis of the lecture.
Teaching theory is a subject that studies teaching laws. As a branch of pedagogy, it is a theory to study the complex problems of teaching, including teaching objectives, tasks, principles, contents, laws, methods, means, organizational forms and links. Also known as teaching principles. Teaching methods or general teaching methods are not only different from other teaching methods, but also closely related, which is the dialectical unity of generality and individuality, generality and characteristics.
Teaching theory gives lectures more direct and specific guidance. As a universal teaching principle or teaching method, the teaching theory of all disciplines cannot be separated from its theoretical guidance, which is determined by the dialectical relationship between the generality and individuality of teaching theories and teaching methods of all disciplines. An important feature of the lecture is its comprehensiveness. It is the comprehensive application of teaching theory, and the teaching of a class is to apply all teaching theories to solve the teaching problems of a class. For example, besides the theory of teaching purpose and task, the teaching purpose and task of this topic should also be mentioned in teaching theory; We should also talk about teaching materials according to the theory of teaching content; According to the theory of teaching methods; Learning method based on learning theory; According to the theory of class type and structure, the teaching scheme is designed. All these must follow the teaching rules in teaching theory, implement teaching principles, embody teaching art and use modern teaching means.
As far as the theoretical characteristics of lectures are concerned, although the theories of many disciplines are used when talking about why to teach in this way, the most important and direct thing is to use the teaching theory, which provides sufficient scientific theoretical basis for the scientificity of lectures. If we insist on giving lectures for a long time, we can improve teachers' teaching theory level through lectures and make teachers become "educators" from "teachers". Speaking lessons has become an effective measure and way to improve teachers' quality and ability.