However, it is well documented that the official integrity of Song Ci is just right. After Song Ci took office in Tiaodian Prison, Guangdong Province, he found that many officials refused to obey the law and there was a lot of backlog. Song Ci enacted a law to clear the backlog of cases within a time limit, and cleared more than 200 cases in eight months. Later, Song Ci was moved to a prison in Jiangxi. Spring tour was born in Hunan prison in those years.
After the death of Song Ci, Emperor Li Zong once established the Imperial Book of Song Ci as the tomb door in recognition of his achievements. Yi Yuan Ji was written in 1247, which is a work of Song Ci in his later years.
Song Ci influenced the world forensic medicine.
Song Ci's Collection of Injustice is regarded as the earliest monograph of forensic medicine in the world and a milestone of forensic medicine in China. Due to the limited scientific level at that time, its content was inevitably wrong. But on the whole, it is an excellent work in line with the scientific spirit. In the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the Dutch first translated this book into Dutch and introduced it to the west. Later, it was translated into many languages, which greatly influenced the development of forensic medicine all over the world. Therefore, Song Ci is called "the father of forensic medicine" by westerners.
Song Ci, a famous forensic doctor in Song Dynasty, used various methods to expose the cases to the world in a series of confusing cases. Song Ci, later known as "Song Punishment", is the first complete monograph on forensic examination in the world.
Song Cishi, a criminal prosecutor in the Song Dynasty, studied under the Zhu Kauting School and was a senior scholar in Jiading for ten years (12 17). Ironically, there is no Confucian etiquette of see no evil in his works. He violated the ethical concepts and specific practices at that time and completely broke the forbidden area of corpse inspection. He warned the inspectors that no one should cover the secret place and must "carefully check" all the holes to see if any deadly foreign objects such as needles and knives were inserted into them. In particular, it is pointed out that "anyone who tries women cannot avoid it" and should be carried to "a bright and stable place" If the deceased is a rich girl, it is necessary to carry the body to the road for inspection, "so that everyone can see it and avoid suspicion." Song Ci formulated a set of post-mortem clauses, such as requiring prosecutors to come to the scene in person to examine and analyze the cause of death in time, and not to stay away because of the decomposition of the body. Influenced by Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, Confucian disciples did not follow the traditional golden mean and showed amazing dialectical thinking.
Some criminal cases and inspection methods are recorded in the Collection of Remembering Injustice. Although some of them are well known, they were indeed very effective inspection methods at that time, which was shocking. The book records a story of drying a sickle. One man died and more than a dozen injuries were caused by sickles. The inspector found the property intact and all the clothes were there, and concluded that it was a vendetta. After investigation and visit, the prosecutor locked the suspect. He asked nearby residents to hand over all their sickles and put them on the ground respectively, totaling 70 or 80 sickles. It was midsummer, and flies gathered on one of the sickles, unable to stay. The inspector found the owner of the sickle. The inspector said that flies are bloodthirsty, and the blood gas still exists after this sickle kills people, which leads to flies gathering, while other sickles do not. It can be inferred that the owner of this sickle has killed people. In front of the evidence, the murderer bowed his head and confessed. "Yi Yuan Ji" also recorded the method of steaming bones to examine injuries. Wash a pair of skeletons, string them with fine hemp rope and put them on the bamboo mat in order. Dig a cellar 5 feet long, 3 feet wide and 2 feet deep, pile firewood in it, burn the walls of the cellar red, remove the charcoal fire, pour in 2 liters of good wine and 5 liters of sour vinegar, take advantage of the rising heat in the cellar, carry the bones into the cellar, cover them with straw mats, take them out about an hour later, put them in a bright place, and open a red umbrella against the sun for bone inspection. "If you look at the sun with traces of bones, red is obviously beaten before death. If there is no shadow of blood on the bone, the trace is the trace after death. " The cause of death of the deceased was shown under the umbrella of red oil. Modern science has proved that the red oil umbrella absorbed part of the sunlight, which made the prosecutor at that time see what he wanted to see.
The Collection of Remembering Injustice brings together many predecessors' achievements, such as Inland Shu, Breaking the Prison and Returning to the Sword, Tang Yinbi's Time, and Inspection Law. (some have been lost), and integrate it into a set of systematic forensic theory. In order to prevent unjust, false and misjudged cases caused by lack of inspection experience, the book expounds in detail the methods and guidelines of corpse inspection and stipulates the format and means of autopsy. The book is divided into five volumes, with 70,000 words, mainly including the work norms of prosecutors, symptoms and tests of corpse injuries, and emergency rescue measures. , involving internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and other fields. This is roughly the same as the scope of modern forensic medicine. "Every inspection, pedestrians are not credible. It is necessary to wash the wine vinegar and check it carefully. If burned to death, there is ash in your mouth; Drowning, bloating, water in it; Put clothes or wet paper at the mouth and nose to die, that is, the abdomen is dry; If you are strangled, the rope under your neck crosses and your fingernails are damaged or scratched; If you hang yourself, the back of your head is divided into eight characters, the rope is not handed in, the rope is under your throat, and your tongue sticks out; Today, this kind of professional knowledge is still something that relevant personnel must keep in mind. Some first-aid methods recorded in the book, for example, if a person eats poison such as Lysimachia christinae by mistake, he can be detoxified by pouring dung juice on him, and if a person stops breathing, he can be given artificial respiration on the spot. These are all effective methods so far, which can save a life at a critical moment. Song Ci also introduced a criminal investigation method in the book, which used insects to calculate the time of death of victims, showing a considerable level of solving crimes.
Exquisite and plain collection of injustice has turned decay into magic and evolved many incredible ancient criminal investigation methods. In some cases, whether a person falls into the water or dumps his body after death can be answered by his skull. Clean the skull, put it in a basin, and pour it over the head with hot water. If there is sediment in the basin, it proves that you are struggling to breathe when you fall into the water. Sediment enters the five senses and enters the basin bottom under the scouring of hot water. If there is no sediment in the basin, it is often dumped after death, because the victim's breathing has stopped and his breath has stopped, so the sediment does not enter. In a burnt-out scene, to find evidence that the murderer once committed a crime, we can clean up the place where the victim was lying, first pour it with rice vinegar, then pour it with wine, and the blood of the victim will soon appear on the dirt floor. Whether a person died by accident or homicide will break through the fog in the prosecutor's reeling, and "revenge for injustice" is a weapon in the hands of the prosecutor. The collection of unjust, false and wrong cases, like the exquisite blue-and-white porcelain of the Song Dynasty, reflects the glorious history of legal civilization and makes future generations feel deeply. bright red
1247, when the western society was still in the Middle Ages, China published the world's first monograph on forensic medicine, Injustice Collection. Is the collection of grievances better than Tunato, Italy? The doctor's report written by Federer was 350 years earlier and has been translated into Korean, Japanese, English, French, German, Russian and other languages. It still has considerable guiding role and practical value. It is a guide to forensic examination at that time and later generations, and has become a must-read book for forensic medicine! Its author is Song Ci, who is regarded as the originator of forensic medicine in the world.
Song Ci (1 186- 1249) was born in Jianyang, Fujian in the Southern Song Dynasty. He comes from a middle-level official family and has been a senior criminal officer for a long time, in charge of judicial prisons. He pays attention to investigation and study, is cautious, personally examines difficult cases and is meticulous.
Song Ci has served as the magistrate of Changting County, the prison of Jiangxi Province, the prison of Hunan Province and the peace envoy of Guangzhou. In the process of appointing some prison officials, he went deep into the field investigation, quickly cleared up a number of major unsolved cases, important cases and unjust, false and misjudged cases, and saved a number of innocent people from more than 200 death row inmates awaiting trial, making him famous. At that time, he was called "people-oriented", "the case was decided in Congo" and "his reputation was comparable to that of Xin (abandoning illness) and Wang Ergong.
At the age of 64, Song Ci died in the office of the ambassador in Guangzhou. Song Lizong personally inscribed the tomb door for him, paying tribute to the outstanding life of Song Ci.
Later, Song Ci's cemetery was moved to the northwest of Maocun Village, Chongluo Township, Jianyang City, Fujian Province. Although the deeds and life experiences of Song Ci are gradually blurred by frequent wars and disasters, The Collection of Remembering Injustice always reminds people that there was once a conscientious criminal prosecutor in the Song Dynasty, and there was once a rational era in history, and the humanistic Song Dynasty was respected by the world.