Confucius said, "Zhong You, teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is cleverness." The meaning of teaching: teaching, imparting.
Hu means: phonetic auxiliary words. Author: Zhong You (Luz) (542~ 480 BC) Zhong You (542~ 480 BC), also known as Lu Ji, Lu Guobian (now from Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county City, Shandong Province), was a proud pupil of Confucius and was famous for his political affairs.
He is straightforward, reckless, brave and filial. In addition to studying poetry and etiquette, he also drove for Confucius, worked as a bodyguard, and traveled around the world with Confucius, which was highly valued.
Confucius said, "Luz is brave and delighted to hear it." The first official is Lu, and the last official is Wei.
When Confucius was king in Lu, he was the butcher of history and later the butcher of doctors. In 480 AD, Kong Li's mother, Ji Bohuo, established Qin (Ji Bo's younger brother) as the monarch with others, coerced Kong Li to kill Wei Zhuanggong, and fled while going out to work.
When Lutz heard the news outside, he went to town to see Quine. The crown tassel shot by Kuai Ming's troops has its eyes torn out. He severely reprimanded, "The death of a gentleman is inevitable."
Fasten the hat and tassel resolutely, and die calmly. Lutz is straightforward, brave, faithful to his promises and devoted to his duties. He is famous for being good at "politics".
Although he often commented on Confucius' words and deeds, he was a good disciple. He helped Confucius "reduce the three capitals" and traveled around the world with Confucius.
He is one of the seventy-two sages of Confucius. He was frank and brave, valued friends and trusted, and was one of Confucius' disciples with unique personality.
Zhong You later became Kong Mao, the doctor of Wei who was massacred by Puyi. The nobles of Wei clashed and were killed for participating in the struggle. In the 27th year of Tang Kaiyuan (739), he was awarded the title of "Wei Hou".
Song Dazhong assisted for two years (1009) and added "Hanoi Gong". In the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267), it was named "Gong Wei".
In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Sage Neutron".
2. I don't know the original text of the car in classical Chinese: The more there is no car, the more cars tourists get in the suburbs of Jin Chu, the worse it is, the more useless it is. However, because of its hometown, it is useless to praise the people. The ship is full of it. The viewer believes that the car is solid and effective, and the person who does it belongs to it. When Koubing invaded its territory, the more he led his car to defend it. The car broke down and he was defeated. He never knew his car. So are scholars. The more there was no car, a Vietnamese tourist got on a car on the outskirts of Jin Chu. The axle is rotten, the wheels are broken, and the axle is broken. There is no way to use it, but yue. Thinking that cars are doing this, everyone has followed suit and done much the same. After a while, people in Jin and Chu saw jokes about their clumsy cars. The Vietnamese thought they were deceiving themselves and ignored them. When the enemy invaded their country, the Vietnamese drove this shabby car to resist the enemy. As a result, the car broke down and the war was defeated by the enemy. But I still don't know how the real car is made. The same is true of the affected parts of the study. Note ① Yue: Yue Guo ② Radial (fú): One radial. A straight bar connecting the hub and rim. The following "o(ní)" and "o(Yuán)" are parts of ancient passenger cars, where "O" is the shaft. Ran: So? We: shabby? And: until [14] rate: lead the boat home, praise others: transport it home again, praise others. And Koubing invaded their territory: until the enemy invaded their country.
I don't know the translation of classical Chinese in Ming Dynasty. Ceng Zi cooks.
original text
Ceng Zi's wife went to the market, and her son walked behind her crying. His mother said, "If that woman gives it back, she will kill that woman." When his wife came back from the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch a pig and kill it. His wife stopped him at once and said, "I'm just joking with my son." Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play. Babies must be wise, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents' teaching. Today's son deceives him, and his godson deceives him. The mother deceived her son, and the son became a teacher when he didn't believe in his mother. " So Ceng Zi cooked the pig for the baby. ("Everything was done by Han Feizi. Foreign reserves say left ")
translate
Ceng Zi's wife is going to the market, and her son is following her. His mother said, "Go back and wait for me to kill the pig for you." My wife came back from the market. When she saw Ceng Zi, she was going to catch a pig and kill it. His wife stopped him and said, "It's just a joke with the children." Ceng Zi said: "Children can't be teased casually. Children are not sensible. They have to rely on their parents to learn gradually and listen to their parents' instruction. Now if you cheat him, you are teaching him to cheat. If a mother cheats on her son, he won't believe her. This is not the way to educate children. " So he killed the pig and cooked it.
4. Knowing is not knowing, knowing is not knowing.
From The Analects of Confucius Governing Politics: Confucius said, "What do you know? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " Confucius said, "Lutz, shall I tell you?" What you know is what you know and what you don't know is what you don't know. This is about the true meaning of knowing. "
Knowing and not knowing actually involve the dialectical relationship between them. Between heaven and earth, the knowledge to be learned is like the vast universe, endless.
A person who knows that "my life is limited and my knowledge is limited" is the real "knower". Because he knows that his knowledge is limited, he will never stop seeking knowledge. Besides, if you don't know, say you don't know. His honest attitude will win the trust of others in the end.
And a person who doesn't pretend to understand loses a precious opportunity to gain true knowledge. Moreover, his "understanding" of "pretending" is just an illusory aura. One day, the "halo" will fade. At that time, the ridiculous clue of "knowing from the unknown" will be particularly conspicuous in front of everyone. This is the greatest "ignorance".
When Yu was young, he liked to study classical Chinese.
If the family is poor, there will be no books to read. Every time I borrow it from the bookstore, I will record it myself and count the days. It's cold, the ice is solid, my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I'm lazy.
I sent it away after recording, and I dare not cancel my appointment. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books.
Since the crown has been added, it is conducive to the worship of saints. He also suffers from celebrities and tourists who have no owners. He tastes and asks questions hundreds of miles away from his hometown.
Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy.
So I was stupid and finally learned a lot. When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked.
After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. If you stay with your host, you will eat it again every day, and it will not taste fresh and fat.
All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with treasures, white jade rings on their waists, swords on their left and smelly faces on their right. In the meantime, I have no desire for beauty. I don't know if my mouth and body are not as good as people. Gaiyu works hard.
Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials are obliged to sell them every day, and their parents have Qiu Ge's 20-year-old legacy, so there is no danger of freezing and embarrassment; Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If the industry is not refined, the morality is not successful, and the nature is not inferior, then the heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others? Dongyang Ma Shengjun was in imperial academy for two years, and the younger generation called him a sage.
A fellow villager was born in the capital of the Yu Dynasty. I wrote a long book and thought it was a good speech.
Debate with it and make peace with it. When you say you are young, you need to make a lot of efforts to study.
He is a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies.
I especially liked reading when I was a child. As the family is poor, they can't afford to buy books to read. They often borrow books from people who collect books, copy them themselves, count the dates and return them on time.
When it is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool forms hard ice, and the fingers can't bend and straighten, so they don't stop. After copying, return the borrowed books as soon as possible, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly.
So people are more willing to lend me books, so I can read a lot of books. In adulthood, I admire the theory of ancient sages, but I am worried that there is no knowledgeable teacher to associate with celebrities (consult). Once I took my book to a place hundreds of miles away and asked for advice from a famous elder in my hometown.
This elder has high morality and prestige, and his home is crowded with disciples with high status. He never expresses his language and expression euphemistically. I stood beside him respectfully.
Ask questions, ask the truth, and bend down for advice. Sometimes someone scolds me, my expression is more respectful, my behavior is more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; He will ask again when he is happy.
So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot. When I went to ask for advice, I carried my books and dragged my shoes in the ravine. In the middle of winter, the cold wind blows hard and the snow is several feet deep. I don't know.
When I arrived at the hotel, my limbs were frozen and I couldn't move. The waiter brought hot water (for me) to wash hands and warm feet, and took the quilt (for me) to cover it. It took a long time to warm up. In the hotel, we only eat two meals a day, and there is nothing delicious to enjoy. The students who live together in the hotel are all wearing gorgeous clothes, red tassels and jewels, white jade rings on their waists, knives in their left hands and sachets hanging from their right hands, shining like immortals.
But I live among them in rags and have no jealousy. Because I have my own fun in my heart, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food, clothing, housing and transportation is not as good as others.
I am diligent and hardworking at school, and that's about it. Now these students are studying in the university, and they provide meals every day. Parents send winter clothes and summer clothes every year, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting in a big and spacious house reading "poems" and "books" has no fatigue of running around. Some teachers and doctors don't ask themselves, and they can't get knowledge; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others first.
If they are (still) not proficient in their studies and (still) lacking in virtue, (then) it is not that (his) intelligence is low, but that (his) thoughts are not as concentrated as mine. Is it someone else's fault? Ma has been studying in this university for two years, and his peers praise him for his talent. After I became an official, I went to Beijing to see the emperor. He saw that I was a junior in the same town.
I wrote a long letter as a gift, and my words are very fluent. Compared with the essay on the same topic, the language is euphemistic, pleasant and pleasing.
Claiming to study very hard when I was a child. Can be called a person who likes to learn.
He will go back to his hometown to visit his parents, and I specifically told him about the difficulty of studying. Author Song Lian (1310—1381) is from Qianjiang (now Zhejiang).
Wu Lai, Liu Guan and Huang Hao were employed by Zhejiang East University. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the countryside and once believed in Taoism.
Zheng Zheng was conquered by Zhu Yuanzhang in the 20th year (1360). After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, he became the president of Yuan, and he was appointed as an official of Hanlin. In the early Ming Dynasty, the imperial court was called "the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China" (Biography of Ming History).
Later, because his grandson was involved in the Hu case, his family moved to Maozhou and died in Kuizhou on the way. There is a collection of Song Shixue.
Fan Zhongyan is two years old, lonely, poor and helpless. I have little ambition, and I take the world as my responsibility every time. I either study hard or stay out at night and need to face the water. No food, just read with porridge.
As an official, every passionate talk about what's going on in the world is desperate. Even after being slandered, Dengzhou was protected by the government.
‖ Zhong Yan works hard and is self-motivated. He doesn't care about meat, and his wife just has enough food and clothing. I often say to myself: "A scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world."
When Fan Zhongyan was two years old, his father died and his mother had a hard life. Helpless, she had to remarry to Changshan Zhujiajian. When he grew up, he learned about his family experience and was so sad that he shed tears. At this time, he said goodbye to his mother, went to Du Nan, and went to school day and night. He studied hard for five years and never undressed.
6. A fool who doesn't know his own translation of ancient Chinese often walks outdoors in the county town for his own ambition. At sunrise, at noon, it suddenly rained heavily. At dusk, the fool came back but didn't see his shoes. He was surprised and said, "Is my family moving?" I can't linger. My wife looked at it and said, "It's yours. Why not enter? " The fool said, "Without shoes, it is not my room." The wife said, "Why don't you know me?" Once upon a time, there was a foolish man who often hung his shoes outside the door as a sign. One noon, when he went out, it suddenly rained heavily. His wife took his shoes. At night, the stupid man came home and didn't see his shoes. He was surprised and said, "My family moved?" Turning around, he didn't come into the house. His wife saw him and said, "This is your home. Why don't you come in? " The fool said, "There are no shoes hanging at the door, so this is not my home .." The wife said, "Don't you know me?" The stupid man looked at his wife carefully, and then he suddenly realized.
7. There is a classical Chinese with an unknown name, which is in urgent need of translation. In the winter months, a peony grows on the hill, which is high enough for Tibetans. The branches are Ke E (1), with hundreds of flowers in clusters. The host looked at each other with special respect and suffered heavy losses. Considering that there is no place for him to make flowers, the court, the old book, move its place to make way. Suitable for mountains, suitable for courts. Let's move, winter is not spring. Old friends and flowers often have two sides. If the child looks good, it will be destroyed if it is not appropriate, and it will die if it is not timely. The resentment of the flower is sincere. If the whole world is full of thorns and thorns, children will be too angry to move away. When Peony came, he never said to himself,' It suits the price in Jyuugo'. The flowers in the palace are not necessarily unfamiliar, and the children are still in the same place, whether they are new or unfamiliar. At that time, although the new one came, the old one was not allowed, and then it did not die. If you don't hurry back to the old place, you will die, but you won't. My son is anxious and doesn't know the physical properties. He doesn't know the difference between soil and soil. He likes the left and is angry with the right. The master is moody, and he has spent all his life! The child's illness depends on his own respect and low things, and the cause and effect know the darkness. He relies on himself and doesn't ask others. His life is so wonderful! "The host can't answer, please use the inkstone to cut the manuscript, and remember the warning. In winter, an old man picked a peony on the mountain with hundreds of buds. The host looked at it with special respect and paid a high price. He is afraid that other places are not suitable for this kind of peony. (Master) always feels very proud. Soon, the flowers bloom, and the petals are as thin as cicadas, which is not as good as the original peony. So the owner moved it angrily to the mountain and then to the wall, and the peony died soon. The owner felt sorry for the original peony and hated the courtyard space, so he moved the original peony back to its original place. Within a few days, it also died. The visiting guests complained to the host: "The host said, plant things suitable for growing in the mountains in the yard and things suitable for growing in the yard. If it moves, it should be winter instead of spring. So people and flowers can always have the best of both worlds. Since you think those peonies are excellent varieties according to their appearance, you will destroy them rudely and transplant them out of season as soon as you see them. It is natural that peony flowers die with grievances. Things like thorns in the sun and quinoa thorns are 100 times lower than peony. You can't move them all just because you are angry. When the peony came, it didn't say to itself,' You should value my value, plant me in the yard, uproot your old flowers and give me this new one.' For a month, cherish it and belittle it, all by yourself. It's wrong to blame flowers and not yourself! Old peony flowers in the court are not necessarily valuable. You'd better move them back to their original place, thinking that they are better than the new ones. Although the new peony was bought at first, the old peony would not be picked first, and it would be better to grow flowers and transplant them, so that none of them would die. You are in a hurry, you don't know biological habits, and you don't know whether the soil is suitable or not. Joy praises it, anger destroys it, and so does the Lord. Your mistake is to value yourself, despise biology, be arbitrary and lack knowledge. You are self-righteous and don't discuss with others. In the future, there will probably be no flowers and trees in your yard. The master couldn't answer, so he was going to write it down as a warning.