Students' active learning is a common way of learning in basic education in developed countries. With the deepening of education reform, students' active learning has also attracted relative attention in China. However, this learning method is currently limited to an experimental learning method in China, which is unconventional or even a show-like teaching and learning method. It is urgent to make students' active learning truly implemented and change teachers' ideas and concepts. We must have a clear understanding and full preparation for this.
The related results of educational psychology research tell us that students' knowledge is not instilled by teachers, but acquired through students' active learning in certain situations. Learning is a kind of discovery. Students should become autonomous and automatic learning subjects, find out in learning, and acquire the ability to solve problems in finding. That is, under the purposeful and planned guidance of teachers, students can learn independently, develop independently and improve themselves. In fact, there was a saying in ancient times that "it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish". Mr. Tao Xingzhi also pointed out: "I think a good teacher is not teaching, not teaching students, but teaching students to learn." Educator Ye Shengtao emphasized: "Teaching is to avoid teaching." All these tell us that students must be active participants in learning, not passive recipients. As a teacher, we must put down our airs and integrate into the ranks of students' active learning in an equal manner, otherwise students' active learning will always be an elusive castle in the air, even if it is beautiful, it is only a distant scenery.
Of course, using students' active learning method in Chinese classroom teaching undoubtedly puts forward newer and higher requirements for teachers. In the process of cultivating students' active learning style in Chinese classroom, teachers do not give up, but fully foresee the places where students are prone to make mistakes in thinking activities and make full preparations for all aspects that students need in active learning; This puts forward higher and stricter requirements for teachers' personal quality.
In the process of active learning, students often temporarily interrupt their thinking because they are not sure about the reading object. At this time, teachers should use all kinds of effective methods and means to let students continue their temporarily interrupted thinking. For example, the view that "women are unhappy" in the new textbook Meng, which was taught in Guangzhou during the summer vacation, made students confused and found it incomprehensible. At this time, the teacher should make a good connection and guide the students to think. Read this paragraph carefully in combination with the last article, and then use the connection method to make it clear that "Shuang" has the meaning of "mistake" in ancient Chinese, such as "unscathed" When the thinking is straightened out, the problem will be clear.
In active learning, students often ignore the overall concern of the article. Unable to grasp the implied information. For example, when teaching and reading the new textbook Meng, students may not be able to correctly grasp the overall meaning and emotion contained in the last sentence of the article. "On the contrary, I don't think about it." If students are asked to read the tone several times at this time; Second, from the whole context, find the same reference sentences as the context, and get clues by comparing and understanding or finding sentences that describe, express feelings and discuss in the context, and the problem will be solved.
In the process of students' active learning in Chinese class, the relationship between teachers and students is a new one. Teachers are no longer gardeners and students are no longer flowers. Teachers are only promoters and servers of students' learning. Every action of teachers must be based on students' active learning needs, and teachers' "guidance" should be "guidance" rather than "guidance". That is, when students encounter problems in the process of active learning, the teacher will give them guidance, and then the students will understand and try to figure out. Jane's diagram is as follows:
Student-teacher-student
We should also be good at using teaching strategies and creating situations. Creating a situation refers to focusing students' interest and attention on a specific topic, thus generating a positive learning intention to solve problems. The problems related to the realization of teaching objectives are arranged into a series from easy to deep and from easy to difficult, providing a framework for students to think continuously. Make students understand the problems that need to be solved in each learning stage, as well as the relationship between them and the internal relationship between solving these problems and achieving learning goals, so as to complete learning goals in the right direction. In this way, students are in a state of constant thinking, and also enable students to use their own relevant experience to integrate new knowledge in the original cognitive structure.
For example, the understanding of "I love this land" is easy to become superficial in the process of students' active learning. This negative influence should be avoided in teaching, so that students can dig deep into the connotation of poetry and accurately understand the feelings contained in the poet. The key point is to understand the relationship between "bird" and "I" (lyric hero). Let the students make it clear that "bird" is the materialized image of "me", and then understand the rich connotation of a series of images sung by "bird" in a hoarse voice: the land hit by the storm, the angry river, the angry wind, the suffering of the motherland implied in the gentle dawn, the people's grief and indignation, and their yearning and hope for the light. Only in this way can we understand the poet's infinite attachment to the land (that is, the motherland) expressed by the decay of feathers on the soil after the death of birds, and understand the poet's feelings of being born in Sri Lanka, singing in Sri Lanka, being buried in Sri Lanka, thinking about it and dying, as well as his sincere and ardent patriotic feelings.
In a word, it is a new attempt to mobilize students to study actively in Chinese class, and there are still many unknowns waiting for us. Despite the difficulties, we have no choice but to catch up and make continuous progress. I went to Guangzhou to participate in the new curriculum standard training in the summer vacation, and I reached a certain consensus in the exchanges with teachers from Yunfu and Zhuhai. Although the road ahead is tortuous and even muddy, as a Chinese teacher, I must start from scratch, otherwise, I will only fail.
First, the power of example is infinite.
Treat yourself like dirt/let everyone trample you on a road. "-Lu Chen
Not all fertile land can bear rich fruits, but rich fruits must be born in fertile soil. 17 senior one language group is such a fertile ground. The teachers in the group agree that students should get close to their own teachers to improve their interest in learning Chinese. The so-called "love his teacher and believe in his way" is an unchanging educational law from ancient times to the present. Therefore, it has become our goal to make students love Chinese classes because they love their teachers.
"Pro-teacher" comes from two aspects, one is emotional closeness, the other is emotional trust. At the beginning of school, we will introduce the basic situation of the teachers in the group to each student and send it to each student in writing, forming a situation of sharing human resources in the group.
The teachers in the group break the class rules, each has a division of labor and is responsible for the whole department. For each student, he faces not one teacher, China, but six. In other words, if students have questions to ask, they can ask other teachers or their own teachers. For example, Liang Xin of our class will take part in the "Poetry of Chairman Mao" recitation competition on February 1 1 Sunday. Teacher Walter Xia Chun spent more than an hour tutoring her, and the student later won the third place. Shao art class composition did not pass 45 points, and Zhang Wei, the group leader, tutored alone. Park Frame, an experimental class of liberal arts, became a blockbuster with an article "The Thirty-year-old Girl". Zhang Guizhi, Liu Huazeng and Cao made three comments immediately the next day and distributed them to students in the form of test papers. When students hear and see six Chinese teachers, such as six layers of fertile soil, spread under their feet, their trust and affection for the teachers will be generated and their interest in learning will be greatly improved.
Second, let students "make contributions"
Psychologically speaking, people's happiness does not come from short-term explosive spiritual pleasure, but from the accumulation of good feelings every day. At the beginning of the school year, when students don't have a clear understanding of the Chinese subject, our whole group will take the foundation as the main line, take composition and reading as the starting point, and carry out targeted training to improve students' interest. "Make sure everyone has food, everyone has word practice, everyone has books to read and everyone has writing" (Zhang Wei)
1. Each class has five Chinese class representatives, namely, calligraphy class representative (1), writing class representative (1), recitation class representative (1) and regular class representative (2). The calligraphy class representative is responsible for driving the students with poor handwriting in the class. The representative of the writing class is responsible for organizing a writing group of about 7 people to carry out activities on time. The recitation class representative is responsible for self-study recitation in the morning. The general class representative is responsible for sending and receiving homework. Teacher Cao is the full-time tutor of the writing group, teacher Wo is in charge of the recitation group, and teacher Zhang Wei is in charge of guiding the calligraphy group.
Secondly, according to the learning situation, conduct composition training to give students a sense of accomplishment. At first, students were afraid of writing. Teacher Cao deliberately found out the frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and guided the students to understand the voices of the soldiers in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: blood spilled on the battlefield, horses buried in the grave, and Loulan could not be broken. Although it is a peaceful time, the examination room, like a battlefield, also needs students to be ambitious and make contributions. In addition, Cao also used a metaphor: driving far away, you can often see wild lilies on the cliff. They are white and elegant, beautiful and straight. A bunch of flowers is full and full of energy; But who knows, when Lily was born, she looked exactly like a weed. However, lily is not a weed after all. As long as the water and sunshine are suitable, the lily will blossom and fulfill the solemn mission of a flower. Inspire students with such heroic plots, and gradually students are willing to write compositions. If an article participates in the grade summary, the student will have more than 700 readers at once, and at least half of the students want to know him and envy him. Therefore, although the composition is a challenge, it will certainly make you full of gains. In this way, students gradually began to yearn for the achievements of Chinese subjects. Therefore, the weekly composition exhibition, calligraphy exhibition, after-school reading exhibition, handwritten newspaper exhibition in the semester and calligraphy competition exhibition all give a group of students a sense of accomplishment. Whether it is displayed on the blackboard after class or in the hall of the teaching building, teachers usually give students a little reward. Teacher Zhang Wei's idea is to print his short poems on the answer sheets used by students, or print out the exercises published by students in the past as prizes. Cherish what you have, and students' affection for Chinese is growing day by day.
In addition to daily composition training, calligraphy training is the only way for composition training. We asked the representative of calligraphy class to organize a calligraphy group of about 7 people, and copied couplets and Tagore's collected works with neat handwriting on the blackboard every day to increase the composition material. The calligraphy group of Zhiming class has now expanded to more than 20 people. In 2006165438+1October 28th, calligraphy competition, five students in some classes competed for a place. Since the beginning of school, students' writing has made great progress through daily copying practice and teacher's correction day by day. The teachers in the group joked that when they first entered school, students' handwriting was like a wild child with a runny nose. After four months of posting, some of them put on suits and ties. 165438+1A calligraphy competition was held on October 28th. 120 Students actively participated.
In the competition, more than 30 people won the place.
Couplets are also indispensable in composition. Zhang Wei said: "There is nothing wrong in the world." Teacher Liu Huazeng said:' Practicing a couplet every day, screening one by one from the aspects of image, artistic conception, antithesis, phonology and so on, feels that students are very rewarding. "Couplets are a stepping stone to China's classical literature. Rich in connotation and neat in form. Give students a little supplement every day, students are full of interest in couplets, and the composition language is also influenced imperceptibly.
For example, "winter goes to spring, spring goes to summer, and the dream remains the same; Snow turns into water, water turns into fog, crystal clear; Silkworm becomes pupa, pupa becomes butterfly, and the belief remains unchanged (at first) ...
How many nights, when you cry, look up at the stars; When you are awake, count the stars; When wishing, I hope there are stars. This time, he will make a wish: continue his dream and let his faith continue ... (End) "
Teacher Liu Huazeng's comments: The beginning and end of the article are in the form of couplets, and images such as winter and spring, rain, silkworm chrysalis and stars are used, which not only cleverly leads to ideas, but also effectively counters the topic and closes the whole article.
For another example, "Dajiangdong is a romantic figure through the ages." In the eventful autumn of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the war spread all over China, the two heroes made an immortal epic. On the one hand, Zhou Yu, a young hero with a heroic spirit and a black scarf and a feather fan, and on the other hand, Cao Cao, an unparalleled hero in "Enemy at the Gates", "Holding the Emperor to make the princes". At the command, rows of warships broke through the night sky like meteors, and the drums were deafening Isn't there a fishing boat attacking the city and pulling out the village, braving the wind and waves in the firelight all over the sky? Perhaps, that immortal fame is the dream of fishing boats. "-Lu Peng's Dream of Fishing Boat is embedded with two couplets.
If you are a tourist madman, when you climb the mountain, when the dangerous peak is in front of you and the sun is hot, do you choose to climb leisurely by cable car, or hold high the trekking pole to compete with the dangerous peak?
If you are a recruit, in the military camp, the glory of being a soldier makes you yearn for it, and the training is long and arduous. Do you choose to retreat and escape from the pain, or face the reality and March forward to success?
If you are a scientific researcher, at work, when a subject is tried and tested and puzzled, do you choose to give up new research or work hard to resolutely challenge the difficulties? -Shao's "Rugged and Wonderful"
This is the beginning of students' composition, with neat sentence patterns and deeply influenced by couplets.
Idiom training is also an important part of composition literacy training. Similar to couplets, we break them down into several parts and recite them. Praise the composition that students can use and put into use, so that students can get a sense of accomplishment. For example, "I jokingly call her a 30-year-old girl because her plain face looks like silence after time passes." The shoulder line is sharp, the fingers are slender, and the edge of the clavicle is faintly white. Class 8 freeze-frame "30-year-old girl"
Teacher Cao's comment: Four-word phrases such as "plain face facing the sky" and "vicissitudes of life" accurately and elegantly describe the appearance of girls and teenagers.
It dreamed that it was on a thunderstorm morning that it was the first time that it went out to sea. Its owner is a fisherman, who insists on fishing despite everyone's dissuasion. It knows that its owner is desperate to fish for his starving parents at home, so two young hearts are eager to shuttle through the storm and waves. The fisherman held his head high and supported the fishing boat without fear. Fishing boats carrying fishermen, go forward bravely, firmly believe in their hearts. Finally, the wet fisherman caught a lot of lively fish and rowed the wet fishing boat home. Since then, they have become close friends. -Class 2 Zangqi's Dream of Fishing Boat
Teacher Zhao Xing's comment: The article is well written. At the beginning, the writing is exquisite, the golden beach and the blue waves easily bring readers into the situation. After that, the words "thunderstorm" and "rapids" described the harsh environment elegantly and vividly.
You stand on the podium and read the speech, which is natural and graceful and pleasing to the eye. At this time, I have no leisure. My heart is full of explosives made of tension, which may explode at any time. A burst of warm applause sent you off the platform, you passed me by, and another burst of applause greeted me on the platform. When I stood on the platform, I was stunned, and then I turned around and read the speech. You look at me from the audience and give me confidence and strength from time to time. By some strange coincidence, my speech became more and more fluent and wonderful. When the applause rang again, I realized that I was as good as you. -Class 3 Natalie "Thank you"
Teacher Wo Xiachun's comments: Language is explosive, idioms are used properly, and sensational paragraphs have played a powerful role in promoting the climax of the full text.
The teacher's enthusiasm for commenting also aroused the students' enthusiasm for commenting. The following are students' works, and we can also see the influence of teachers on students.
O-ray
Awei is my friend. When he first met me, he said, I should be a good boat. The waves sucked away my planking. I decided to drift with him ... (Liu Xinhang comments: The explanation is simple, giving people the feeling of love at first sight, but it gently implies that the ship has found a bosom friend and found a new home. Lin Daiyu has a strong literary color! ) awei touched my wood grain, and his eyes were clear and watery. He said that he likes my simple reddish brown, which is deeply carved by the years. (Liu Xinhang comments: The appearance, shape and characteristics of the ship are explained here. It's very literary to describe it through awei's eyes, but it's brilliant to write it from another angle. Thinking leap: Lin Daiyu's brushwork in Jia's house shows that Daiyu's appearance is Daiyu in Baoyu's eyes; Baoyu's appearance is Baoyu in Daiyu's eyes. The teacher said: Cao Xueqin's writing here is brilliant and original, which not only describes their appearance, but also describes their love at first sight and hits it off at first sight. Beauty is in the eye of the lover, and so is Pan An! )
Thirdly, in order to improve students' interest in learning Chinese, we have also strengthened reading teaching. In chapters such as Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and Farewell to Cambridge, Mr. Wo Xiachun is actively seeking music cooperation. Reading aloud with music not only makes students feel the beauty of words, but also makes Chinese classroom full of phonological beauty. The teacher's sweet voice made the students willing to follow. It can be said that classroom music is curling, and textbook is a powerful magic weapon to improve students' interest in learning Chinese.
Fourth, various forms of handwritten newspapers.
Third, kung fu is outside the poem
l？ Because I like you, I will say your name out loud.
l？ Be strict with students but not strict.
l？ Discover students' specialties and build a display platform. Let students have a sense of accomplishment in Chinese learning.
l？ The teacher's love spilled on the whole class. If I neglect you, please put a mark on the upper right of your homework to remind me.
l？ I really need your help, will you?
What I have said above are mostly skills to improve students' interest in Chinese learning. But teaching does not depend entirely on skill. All skills are based on love for students. Just like martial arts, although it can be practiced to perfection, the invincible martial arts of real martial arts masters do not come from unique skills, but from the concept of defeating the enemy and the determination to publicize righteousness; The same is true of real teaching masters: they are all harmonious, moving is moving, and not moving is successful. The foundation and source are feelings of love and sympathy. Only by establishing this concept can students be guided to the center of happiness step by step.
Teach the axe to teach people, and the savage offers Qin. I hope everyone can give me advice.