But attention doesn't mean understanding. Everyone doesn't know what insurance they have paid and how to use it.

In order to let everyone know and understand their rights and interests, so as to better protect themselves.

First of all, we should realize that social insurance is better than commercial insurance for the following reasons:

1. Social insurance is a national welfare security undertaking that is not for profit, while commercial insurance is for profit. Generally speaking, the charge of commercial insurance is much higher than that of social security of the same specification ~

2. Social insurance covers more aspects than general commercial insurance. Commercial insurance generally only covers medical care or old-age care, while social insurance can generally cover five risks at the same time. Moreover, in terms of medical care, the advantages of social insurance are very prominent.

The standard of social insurance is constantly improving every year. At the beginning of July every year, the state will adjust the social security base according to the basic salary of employees, and the adjustment ratio is still very high. Generally, it will increase by more than 10% every year, which means that the more money you get later, the biggest advantage of this is that it can eliminate the impact of inflation in a relatively small range, and even if commercial insurance will adjust its return, it will not rise faster than social insurance as a whole.

In short, the working students who have not participated in social insurance should do so as soon as possible, and the working students who have participated in commercial insurance but have not participated in social insurance should also do so as soon as possible.

So, how is social insurance specifically constituted?

Nowadays, when students go out to look for a job, they often hear that the company pays three insurances and one gold or five insurances and one gold. Yes, this means that the company is willing to pay social insurance for you, but according to the national regulations, you have to pay a part at the same time, which involves the composition and proportion of social insurance. Every province and city has its own standards, so they are not the same, but they are not much different. Take Nanjing where I live as an example:

Social insurance = endowment insurance+medical insurance+unemployment insurance+industrial injury insurance+maternity insurance+housing accumulation fund.

(Note: The practices of the above five insurances and one gold may be different in different regions. Your company may not pay all the five insurances and one gold for you. For example, some units in Nanjing do not pay medical insurance for employees, but only pay the remaining four insurances and one gold. Some units only pay five risks instead of provident fund, so you must find out what risks your company has paid you and whether to pay provident fund! )

The specific social security composition ratio is:

Endowment insurance: the unit pays 2 1% for you every month, and you pay 8% yourself;

Medical insurance: the unit pays 9% for you every month, and you pay 2% plus 10 yuan major illness co-ordination (major illness co-ordination mainly covers hospitalization);

Unemployment insurance: the company pays you 2% every month, and you pay it yourself1%;

Work injury insurance: the unit pays 0.5% for you every month, and you don't have to pay a penny yourself;

Maternity insurance: the unit pays you 0.8% every month, and you don't have to pay a penny yourself;

Housing accumulation fund: the unit pays you 8% every month, and you pay 8% yourself.

The most important thing is that, in this way, the social security ratio that the company pays for you every month should be 21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+8% = 41.3%.

Your monthly social security payment should be 8%+2%+10+1%+8% =19%+10.

Leaving aside 10 paid by Yuan You for the time being, the ratio paid by the company and yours should be 4 13: 190, which means that if you pay 190 yuan's social security every month, the company will put 4 13 yuan into your social security account and add it to your social security account every month.

So when you can't see it, the social security paid by the company is actually more than twice that of you, so don't feel bad when you pay social security every month ~ You have to know that the company pays much more than you, and it is actually the company that feels bad.

Yaya ~ Go back to three insurances and one gold and five insurances and one gold. You should have seen it here. The three insurances and one gold mentioned in Jianghu are actually equal to five insurances and one gold, except that the three insurances and one gold come from your personal insurance (pension+medical care+unemployment+work injury+maternity+provident fund) and the five insurances and one gold come from your insurance (pension+medical care+unemployment+work injury+provident fund).

In addition to the company can pay social security for you, in fact, students who don't have a job but earn money or students who have a company but don't pay social security can also pay social security themselves, but individuals can only pay endowment insurance+medical insurance, work injury, maternity, unemployment and provident fund, which you can't personally pay.

The composition and proportion of social security are introduced above. What is the base of social insurance payment?

Just now, the students already know that the social security ratio paid by the company every month is almost 4 13: 190, so now there is another question: What is the relationship between the social security fee paid each month and this ratio? How is the social security fee determined?

You may not have noticed that every province and city issues a "minimum payment base for social insurance" at the beginning of July every year. This base is based on the average salary+welfare+various subsidies and other miscellaneous expenses of employees in the previous year, which is determined after statistical calculation. The minimum base number announced by Nanjing in July this year is 1 189 yuan. What does this mean? It means that as long as Nanjing is a regular unit to pay social insurance for its employees, the minimum monthly payment for each employee is1189× 41.3% = 491yuan, and employees must at least pay189×19%+.

But now there is a new problem. The wages of employees in Nanjing vary greatly. Some people earn 1000 a month, while others earn 10000 a month. Does it mean that people who get 1000 pay the same social security fee as those who get 10000?

Please note that this 1 189 is the lowest radix, and there is a highest radix above 1 189. Nanjing's highest base this year seems to be more than 8,000. I forgot the details, too Anyway, if your salary is below 1 189 yuan per month, the company must also pay189 yuan +089 × 4 1.3% = 49 1 yuan, and you must pay at least/kloc-0 per month. This is the significance of 1 189 as the minimum payment base of social security: even if you get 1000 or 800 yuan a month, you have to pay the minimum amount of 1 189 every month!

However, if your salary is higher than 1 189, for example, you get 3,000 yuan a month, then when your company goes to the labor bureau to pay insurance for you (the social security fee paid by your company has been deducted by the labor bureau), you should say to the labor bureau, "Yes, we have a comrade here who gets 3,000 yuan a month, please follow 3,000 yuan. Then the Labor Bureau will deduct your company and your money based on 3000 yuan, and then pay it to your social security account. At this time, your company will pay you 3000×4 1.3% = 1239 yuan every month, and you will pay 3000× 19 yuan every month.

That is to say, if your salary is below 1 189 yuan, then you should pay according to 1 189 every month; If your salary is above 1 189 yuan, you will pay according to your actual salary every month, unless your salary is higher than the maximum base. If you get 10000 a month and the maximum base is 8000, you and your company will pay it according to 8000.

Here, I want to expose the shameless practices of some companies. These companies may give you thousands of wages every month, but when you go to the labor bureau to declare your base, you will not report it according to your actual salary. For example, if you take 3,000 yuan a month, they may say that you only take 1 189×6589 yuan, and then the labor bureau will only deduct you 1 189×659 yuan a month.

No! If so, then your company is shameless! Because the company pays twice as much as you, the less you pay, the less they pay! If calculated according to your actual salary of 3,000 yuan, they should pay you 3000×4 1.3% = 1239 yuan per month, while if calculated according to 1 189×4638, they will only pay you/kloc-0 per month. So in fact, you suffered a big loss! Regular companies will only report to the labor bureau according to your actual salary and deduct money! Only those cheap companies will pay you according to the minimum standard no matter how high your salary is! ! Don't think that the less you deduct from your social security fee every month, the better! ! Maybe you have been shamelessly bullied by the company and you have no idea! ! !

It's simple to determine the base number paid by the company for you: 300 yuan social security is deducted every month, and your base number is almost 300÷ 19%≈ 1578 yuan. See if your salary is this amount. If your salary is significantly higher than 1578, for example, you actually get 3000 or 4000 a month. After being bullied, you can go to the local labor inspection brigade to sue your company. Generally speaking, you can tell the truth when you sue, but you'd better find evidence (such as salary slips) before you sue, otherwise you won't be able to mix up in the company after you sue-+

Explain again that the proportion of social security varies from place to place. If you are not in Nanjing, your contribution rate is probably not 19%, but it will certainly not be too bad. For example, your base number may be 20% or 22%, but it will never be 30% or 40%! So although 19% is the proportion of Nanjing, students from other places can also use it to calculate their own base.

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Ok, now you know how much social insurance premiums you should pay each month, but what are the specific conditions of these social insurance premiums and how to use them? Let's introduce it below.

As mentioned earlier, social insurance = endowment insurance+medical insurance+industrial injury insurance+maternity insurance+unemployment insurance+housing accumulation fund.

Let's talk about endowment insurance first.

This insurance is generally paid after 15 to enjoy the pension for life, so students who want to get the pension must pay it before retirement 15, which is similar outside Nanjing.

If you pay less than 15 of the old-age insurance at retirement age, the state will refund all the 8% pension saved in your personal account when you retire.

Then you will ask, where is the 2 1% paid by the company?

You can't expect the country to give it to you. After you retire and take your personal money, the state will transfer all 2 1% of the money paid by the unit to the national pension fund, which has nothing to do with you.

You might say: Holy shit! That's my money. Why not give it to me?

Because it is stipulated by the state-+

When returning money, only the money paid by the individual himself is refunded, and the money paid by the unit for him has contributed to the country-+

Let's take a look at how your pension is calculated when you retire.

The algorithm of pension is very complicated, because the country will change the payment base once a year. For example, you are now 30 years old, and your current payment base is 3,000 yuan. If the retirement age is 55, then you must start paying the old-age insurance before you are 40 years old. If you start paying at the age of 30 now and pay for 25 years at the age of 55, then you must enjoy the pension first. Secondly, if the payment base of 3,000 Yuan You in 25 years becomes 6,000 yuan (I mean if), then at the age of 55, you can get a basic pension of 6,000× 20% =1.200 yuan every month, which is given to you by the state. Besides, you have accumulated a lot of money in your personal account for 25 years. Average the payment base, (3,000 yuan), so there should be 4,500× 8% (the proportion of old-age insurance paid by individuals )× 25×12 months =108,000 yuan in your personal account in these 25 years, so you can get/in addition to the previous 1200 yuan. In this way, from the age of 55, you can get at least 1200+900=2 100 yuan pension every month. Of course, the national base is still rising every year, so every year except your own 900 yuan, you will get more money than 1200 yuan every month after retirement, and your pension will definitely increase.

Therefore, the more pension insurance you pay, the better. The more you give, the more you enjoy after retirement. And after the country adjusts the base every year, you will get more and more money. It is possible to pay 1000 now and get 1500 ten years later.

Here, I want to introduce a * * policy, that is, no matter where you pay social security fees, when you retire, you can only go back to the place where you registered, and enjoy the local retirement benefits. Therefore, people who pay social security in places with high base but enjoy pensions in places with low base will suffer great losses. Why do you say that? Let me give you an example. If you worked in Nanjing when you were young, paid social security for 20 years and then retired, but if your hukou is in Heilongjiang, you must go back to Heilongjiang to enjoy the old-age care. If you have paid in Nanjing for 20 years, the average base is 3,000 yuan (I said if), but when you retire, the base of payment in Heilongjiang is only 1000 yuan (I said if), then you can only enjoy 60 yuan when you retire. This is a loss! In short, if you pay social security in a rich place and retire to a poor place to enjoy social security, you will pay a lot but enjoy very little in your life! Paying 3000 yuan may only enjoy 1000 yuan! This is a terrible thing, but there is nothing we can do. This is a national policy. So please pay attention to all students who are currently registered in places with low base such as the west, but work in places with high base such as Beijing or Shanghai. Either you pay social security in the west, or you move your registered permanent residence to Beijing or Shanghai before you retire, otherwise you are doing a huge loss-making business in your life.

Then maybe you will say, if my registered permanent residence is in Nanjing, it's good for me to pay in Heilongjiang for 20 years, pay in a place with a low base, and enjoy high welfare after retirement. No! Do you think Nanjing Labor Bureau lets you enjoy it like this? ! Generally speaking, Nanjing will find reasons to directly refuse your transfer! You will be smarter than you at that time: Heilongjiang can't enjoy it, and Nanjing can't enjoy it!

But some places have some loose regulations on this situation. For example, Nanjing allows you to transfer back to Nanjing from a low base five years before retirement, and then continue to pay a high base in Nanjing for five years before allowing you to return to Nanjing to enjoy a pension. This policy is estimated to vary from place to place. Students who plan to transfer in the future had better go to your local labor bureau to find out about this problem now, so as to avoid accidents when they retire!

Let me talk about medical insurance.

The policy of this insurance country is not bad, but the important thing is that there are many reimbursement for hospitalization.

As I said before, the company pays 9% medical insurance every month, and your monthly medical insurance is about 2% plus serious illness 10 yuan. This serious illness co-ordination only cares about your hospitalization, and the state will put your own 2% into your medical insurance account every month in the form of 1 1%. If you pay 165438 every month, then 1 189×2%=23.78 yuan is the money that the state calls you personally every month. You can accumulate this money and directly swipe your card to buy medicine or see a doctor. The remaining 9% countries will be included in the medical pooling fund.

According to the regulations of Nanjing, those who started to pay medical insurance from June 5438+ 10, 2007, began to swipe their cards to buy medicines or go to outpatient clinics in February 2007, and hospitalization expenses can be reimbursed from July 2007. The report is quite complicated, such as:

If you were hospitalized in August 2007 1 and lived in the best tertiary hospital in Nanjing, all the drugs used during hospitalization were within the scope of medical insurance, and the expenses of surgery and hospitalization totaled 5,000 yuan, then the medical insurance center would deduct 1 1,000 yuan when reimbursing, which is the starting price. And the remaining 4000 yuan can be reimbursed 4000×86% = as long as you personally pay 4000× 14%=560 yuan, plus the previous starting price 1000 yuan, you only need to pay 1560 yuan for spending 5000 yuan, which 1560 yuan can be obtained from your doctor.

Medical insurance is much more important to us young people than old-age insurance. After all, seeing a doctor and being hospitalized is too fucking expensive, which is also the most important significance of participating in social insurance.

However, Nanjing stipulates that after retirement, you must pay 25 years of medical insurance to enjoy it for life, so if you retire at the age of 55, you must start paying medical insurance at the latest at the age of 30.

Let's talk about industrial injury insurance.

This kind of insurance is rarely used in practice, and I don't have much contact with it. Need to be reminded that this insurance will be used if you have an accident at work or at work.

However, in practice, many people do not pay attention to the preservation of evidence, resulting in their inability to enjoy work-related injury insurance, which is a pity.

If you get hit by a car after work, you should call the police quickly and let the police investigate the records and take photos to collect evidence. The police will give you an accident appraisal certificate after handling it, and you can take it to the unit to ask for a work-related injury report.

If something happens to you, you just let people run away, and you don't call the police or anything. Without evidence, it will not be recognized as a work-related injury.

There is also a time limit for work-related injuries. If you have a work-related injury on July 1 2007, you must report it to the unit immediately, and hand over the evidence and accident appraisal certificate issued by the police and the medical records of seeing a doctor or being hospitalized after the work-related injury to the unit, so that the unit can take these materials for work-related injury appraisal. Your company must send your valid materials to the industrial injury appraisal center before August 1 2007. If it has been more than one month since the date of work-related injury identification, the work-related injury may not be identified. If your company doesn't appraise you, you can take the materials to the appraisal center for appraisal, and it's better not to exceed one month, otherwise it will be very troublesome.

Let's talk about maternity insurance.

Ah, take this as an example. If you are a girl, your monthly salary is 1 0,000 yuan, and you started to pay maternity insurance in June 2007 at 65438+ 10/.The payment base is 1189, but you were pregnant in March 2007, in 2007. Then after you leave the hospital, you should quickly submit all the materials such as marriage certificate (unmarried children can't be reimbursed)+one-child certificate (generally speaking, two children can't be reimbursed)+medical records+all invoices for building a large and small card check and hospitalization surgery fees+hospitalization list+discharge summary to the company. If the pregnancy test costs 500 yuan when giving birth to a child, and the hospitalization expenses and operation expenses cost 2000 yuan, generally speaking, within the scope of medical insurance, the company can basically reimburse you. The money given to you after reimbursement includes: 500 examination fee +2000 hospitalization operation fee+1/89 yuan/month× 4 months = 7256 yuan, 165438 yuan/month× 4 months, which will be reimbursed by the medical insurance center.

The state stipulates that the average salary of a girl in maternity insurance reimbursement must be four months, so if you give birth to a child for reimbursement, you can earn four months' salary without spending money! If your basic salary is higher than your salary, for example, 1000 yuan is 1 189, then you still make money.

Maternity insurance must be paid for one year to enjoy, remember to remember.

There is another problem, boys also pay maternity insurance ~ so can boys enjoy maternity insurance?

If you are a boy, your wife doesn't have a job or her work unit doesn't pay insurance, and you have paid maternity insurance for more than one year when she gave birth, then you can also reimburse maternity insurance. But in the last example, you can only reimburse 500 examination fee+half of 2000 hospitalization operation fee = 1250 yuan, and the subsidy is 1 189 yuan/. This is only for girls to enjoy reimbursement ~

For the same expenses, girls can get 7256 yuan for reimbursement, and boys can only get 1250 yuan for reimbursement, which is probably a rare policy of "discriminating against men"-+

Therefore, it is best for girls to make plans before giving birth and start looking for a company to pay maternity insurance one year in advance, so that they can make money!

If a boy wants to marry a wife, he'd better marry a girl who paid maternity insurance for one year when she gave birth, and her salary is higher than her own! But it doesn't matter if she really doesn't have insurance, you can also reimburse her for maternity insurance, but you can't get the subsidized four-month salary, and you can only get back half of the newspaper fee-+

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Unemployment insurance takes one year to enjoy. Generally, it takes two months to pay 1 year, and four months to pay for two years, but it takes up to 24 months for a lifetime. Let's give an example:

If you started to pay insurance in June 5438 +2007 10, and were dismissed from the company in June 5438 +2008 10, you can ask the company to give you unemployment insurance for two months. If you pay insurance based on 5438+0 189 in June this year, you can get at least 800 yuan in two months.

Or you started to pay insurance on June 5438+ 10, 2007, and your contract with the company expired on June 5438+ 10, 2008. If you don't want to renew your contract, you can also ask the company to provide you with unemployment insurance for two months and then leave your job, which is also more than 800 yuan.

In other words, when the contract expires or the company dismisses, you can ask the company to pay you unemployment benefits in proportion to two months a year. If the company doesn't help you, you can sue, and one will be allowed-+

But if you resign before the contract expires, even if you pay 1 year, you will not enjoy unemployment insurance.

As long as you resign yourself, let alone pay 1 year. Even if you pay1year unemployment insurance, you won't get any money when you resign.

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Ah, the housing provident fund is a good thing ~

Let's just say that if you pay the provident fund in 200 yuan every month, the company will also pay your account into 200 yuan every month. When you buy a house, it will only be 400 yuan. If you pay 50,000 yuan in your life, your account will be 65,438+10,000 yuan. Don't refuse such a good thing ~

Provident funds can be used to buy a house, repay loans, decorate and so on. If your family can find a place to build a house, the money for building a house can also come from the provident fund.

If you haven't been using the money, it seems that you can withdraw all the money when you finally retire.

Is this ok?

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.