This "instruction" puts forward:
Carrying out amateur education for employees is one of the important ways to improve their political consciousness, culture and technical level. The content of amateur education for employees is mainly literacy education, and strive to realize that existing illiterate employees can generally read 1000 words in three to five years, and have the ability to read popular books and newspapers.
To this end, industrial and mining enterprises all over the country have set up cram schools for workers' culture.
After the founding of New China, with the development of industrial and agricultural production, the number of employees has also increased significantly, and the living standards of employees have also improved significantly. On this basis, local trade unions actively carry out cultural and technical education and cultural and sports activities.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, workers generally lacked education, most of them were illiterate, and their technical level was very low.
In order to change this situation, the trade union, under the leadership of the Party and in cooperation with the administrative department, organized amateur cultural tutorial schools and amateur technical training courses.
At the same time, mass literacy activities are also carried out through mentoring contracts, technical research conferences, technical mutual assistance contracts, advanced producer performances and other forms.
Workers' literacy is mainly through studying in amateur schools, so that students can have the initial reading and writing ability, read newspapers, write 400-500 words of narrative and 200-300 words of exposition, and write daily practical writing.
The development of this activity has obviously improved the cultural and technical quality of employees.
After the State Council issued the instructions, Shandong Province issued the "Instructions on Implementing the Instructions of the Central State Council on Developing Employees' Amateur Education", stipulating that it is necessary to make clear that the current employee education should focus on enterprises such as factories and mines, and master the working policy of developing ordinary classes.
It should be carried out comprehensively in public and private factories and mines, and strive for the vast majority of illiterate and illiterate workers to participate in the study; Handicraft workers and shop assistants should focus on gradual development.
From September 20th to 29th, 1950, the Ministry of Education and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions jointly held the "First National Conference on Workers and Peasants Education".
, Zhu De, Dong, Guo Moruo, etc. and 470 persons in charge of relevant central and local departments attended the meeting.
This meeting shows that the Chinese and Chinese governments attach great importance to this work. The meeting emphasized that the education of workers and peasants should be first implemented for grassroots cadres and workers and peasants activists, and then gradually implemented for the broad masses of workers and peasants who have the conditions.
According to the different objects of education, workers' and peasants' education can be divided into three categories: factory worker education, cadre education and peasant education.
Workers' education, cadres' education and farmers' education are the responsibilities of trade unions, cultural departments and education departments respectively. All departments have established their own specialized schools.
Trade unions have amateur schools for workers, cultural departments have supplementary schools for basic education for workers and peasants, and education departments have amateur primary and secondary schools for farmers.
During the period of 1950, the political and cultural learning in Shanghai Refinery was mainly literacy, and the textbooks used were "Workers' Political Textbook" and "Mandarin Textbook".
From September of that year to June of 1 1 year, all classes were conducted in the form of large classes. Finally, most people can read more than 200 words, and some of them have learned to write notes and suggestions.
195 1 year, in response to the call of the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions to "improve workers' cultural quality", the factory trade union was responsible for organizing workers' cultural classes, setting up several huts in the living area and running teaching classes, including literacy classes.
Amateur teachers are college graduates or employees with a certain level of education in the factory.
At the beginning of 1952, the trade union of Shanghai Refinery held a cultural class with 80 participants. The accelerated literacy method is adopted for teaching, and 1 hour of spare-time study is conducted every day. Add 1 class in September.
By 1953, more than 60 people had taken part in the primary school culture study, which was divided into two classes. In terms of literacy, they reached the level of grade three and grade four by the end of the year.
From 1954 to 65438+February, more than 150 people rose from illiteracy to the third, fourth and fifth grades of primary school. 1955 Six literacy classes were held.
1 951March1day, Xue Culture magazine was founded. This is the official publication of the National Committee for Amateur Education of Staff and Workers edited by the Ministry of Education. Mainly for employees with low education level to read publications.
When there are not many literates, the establishment of such a magazine by the government itself shows the importance it attaches to literacy education. This concern is not limited to form, but really goes deep into reality.
This has played a very important role in consolidating the literacy achievements in the primary stage of literacy education.