1. Living habits
(1) Cultivate children's good health habits such as rest, sleep, excretion, washing and tidying.
(2) It is very important to help children understand primary health knowledge and observe a regular life order.
(3) Help children learn a variety of health skills and gradually improve their self-care ability.
2. Diet and nutrition
(1) Help children know the names, types and characteristics of common foods, and know that different foods have different nutrition.
(2) Cultivate children's good eating habits.
(3) Help children understand the simple knowledge of dietary balance and its significance, and cultivate children's good habit of not being partial to food.
3. Understanding and protection of human body
(1) Help children know the main organs of the body and understand their main functions.
(2) Help children acquire simple knowledge of preventing common diseases, and initially cultivate children's attitudes and behaviors that they are not afraid of pain and are willing to accept vaccination and disease treatment.
(3) Help children understand that a happy mood is good for their health.
(4) Help children learn the most basic ways to protect the main organs of the body.
Protect your own safety
(1) Help children understand the common sense and precautions in the use of water, fire, electricity, gas, knives and commonly used drugs.
(2) Help children understand the significance of obeying traffic rules.
(3) Help children acquire common sense in dealing with accidents (especially fire, lightning, earthquake, typhoon, etc.). ) and know how to avoid dangerous places in time.
5. Exercise ability
(1) Get interested in sports activities with the help of teachers.
(2) Guide children to be willing to participate in and try to play with various small sports equipment and be able to play tricks.
(3) In winter, guide children to participate in indoor warm-up activities and insist on short-term outdoor exercise.
(4) With the help of teachers and nurses, pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes at any time and know how to wipe the sweat with a towel.
Third, the organization method of infant health education
Children's cognition and skills need to be obtained by operating materials and scenes, and they also need to learn in the process of interacting with people. Therefore, the requirements for kindergarten space, health facilities, activity materials, sports equipment and health routines in children's health education are conducive to triggering and supporting children's exploration of health activities; It is conducive to triggering and supporting the benign interaction between children and the surrounding environment. "Providing rich and healthy environment and opportunities for children and encouraging them to actively think, reason and solve problems" is conducive to enhancing children's health awareness and forming healthy habits. The organizational methods and forms of health education should be diverse.
1. Organization methods of healthy life and healthy psychological activities
(1) Behavior practice: Let children practice the healthy behaviors and life skills they have learned repeatedly, deepen their understanding and form stable behavior habits. For example, the order and method of washing clothes, the way of putting on and taking off clothes, and the way of holding chopsticks must be practiced repeatedly under the specific guidance of teachers and parents in order to truly master them.
(2) Explain and demonstrate: It is another method of children's health education to explain superficial health knowledge to children concretely and vividly, and demonstrate with objects or models to improve children's health awareness.
(3) Situational performance: Teachers or children show specific life situations, and then let children think and analyze the health education issues involved in the situations. Because the theme of situational performance comes from children's real life, it can stimulate children's interest and better help children understand the problems and conflicts that may be encountered in life and understand the behaviors that should meet the health requirements.
(4) Discussion and evaluation: Let children participate in the evaluation of health education and provide them with opportunities to ask questions, express their opinions and draw their own conclusions. This method can effectively help children express their true thoughts and encourage them to evaluate others' thoughts, thus improving their ability to distinguish right from wrong.
For example, in summer, teachers ask children to discuss the dangers of eating more cold drinks, improve their understanding and guide their behavior.
(5) perceptual experience: let children know things through sensory organs and distinguish the characteristics of things. This method can deepen children's impression of things, and at the same time, because of the participation of physical movements, it can stimulate children's interest and concentrate.
2. Take flexible and diverse sports activities.
(1) move freely. (Commonly used outdoor activities and activities in activity areas) Because different children's physical development level, acceptance ability and hobbies are different, kindergarten teachers do not force children to participate in an activity, but encourage them to choose activities freely.
(2) games. Kindergarten teachers will generally provide children with a lot of game materials to stimulate their interest in games, so that children can develop in all aspects of their bodies through games.
The gamification of sports activities stimulates and cultivates children's interest in sports and improves children's enthusiasm and initiative in participating in sports activities. In the game activities, their spirit of cooperation, collective consciousness and communication skills have all been developed, and they have also cultivated children's good qualities of not being afraid of setbacks, being brave in competition and innovation.
(3) Imitation activities. Children are poor in knowledge and experience and have strong imitation ability. Accordingly, kindergarten teachers hang or post pictures of various animals around the activity room, so that children can choose any animal as the imitation object, such as imitating kangaroos who are preparing to jump, koalas who are climbing, or imitating different postures of the same animal. In addition, they often tell stories to their children and guide them to imitate the behavior of a role in the story.
(4) Music rhythm. Teachers play musical instruments or tapes, so that children can have rhythmic activities accompanied by music, such as wind blowing 62616964757a68696416fe59b9e7ad943133337393566, curved trees, undulating waves, lightning in storms, etc. Through the music rhythm with different priorities, the coordination and grace of children's movements are developed.
(5) relax. Children's nervous system is fragile, the cerebral cortex is prone to fatigue, and the body is prone to injury. Therefore, kindergarten teachers should pay attention to alternating exercise and reasonable collocation when arranging sports activities. In addition, they also pay attention to teaching young children how to relax.
(6) Sensory training. The theory of sensory integration was put forward by Dr. Ayres in the United States in the 1970s. After theoretical and practical research, a set of special equipment has been formed: skateboard, skateboard slide, cloth bag, balance table, swinging balance beam, one-legged chair, trampoline, footstep, ball (pushing the ball on the ground), sheep corner ball, lanyard stick and rotating lanyard, which are used for clinical treatment and behavior correction of children with sensory integration disorder. Some developed countries in Europe and America, Japan and Taiwan Province have incorporated sensory integration training into kindergarten education. Some psychological and medical experts in Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing are studying and discussing this theory. Sensory integration education not only conforms to children's natural development nature, but also helps them feel the stimulation of the environment, develop and improve their sensory acuity and comprehensive ability. It is also conducive to improving children's comprehensive overall level of thinking and explaining things in the future and promoting the development of their behavior quality. It is an effective form of education.
Now, "sensory integration" is being recognized and accepted by more and more kindergartens, and "sensory integration correction" has gradually changed into "sensory integration activities".
(7) Imagination activities. According to the characteristics of children's imagination and imagination, encourage children to imagine boldly and carry out creative activities. For example, imagine yourself taking an elevator, doing ascending or descending movements, or imagine yourself nailing a nail, nailing it into a board and pulling it out.
"Physical education"-Let children explore themselves
Teachers who advocate "let children decide how to exercise by themselves" and "do what they want to do" appear as instructors and promoters, strengthen children's understanding of their own sports potential, and cultivate children's strong curiosity to explore things and the best independent learning ability.
(D) the organizational form of health activities
According to the occasion, the health field can be divided into the following activities: healthy living activities, healthy heart-to-heart talks, sports activities, outdoor healthy regional activities, sports meetings, hiking activities (or short trips) and so on.
1. Healthy living activities
The theme of healthy living activities can be produced spontaneously by children, jointly by teachers and students, and also by teachers. But no matter who produced it, it emphasizes the active participation and exploration of children in activities. Emphasize the co-construction of teachers and students in the theme network. Teachers can arouse children's attention to the environment by creating regional environment and scenes, such as stories, pictures, examples in children's lives, visits, etc., and guide children from passive experience to active experience. Use all kinds of potential educational information in the environment to provide content suitable for children's perception and emphasize the process of exploration activities; Try to connect children's old and new knowledge, induce children's cognitive conflict, and effectively promote children's emotional experience of healthy life. Pay attention to stimulating children's inner motivation to learn.