Chen Shiru, horticulture educator and vegetable breeding expert. Long-term engaged in vegetable germplasm resources and new variety breeding research. Presided over and participated in the breeding of excellent new vegetable varieties such as mustard grass kidney and cabbage Xiyuan No.2; Participated in tackling key problems of vegetable crop breeding in China during the Sixth Five-Year Plan and the Seventh Five-Year Plan, and presided over the research project "Study on New Varieties Breeding and Breeding Technology of Cabbage", which made contributions to the theory and practice of vegetable breeding and the development of vegetable production in China.
Chinese name: Chen Shiru.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Sichuan, China.
Date of birth:1May, 924
Date of death:1September 8, 990
Occupation: Horticultural educator
Graduate school: Horticulture Department of Jinling University.
Representative works: principles and practices of vegetable breeding and seed production.
brief introduction
Chen Shiru
Chen Shiru, a famous horticulture educator and vegetable breeding expert in China, once served as deputy director of academic committee of Southwest University (formerly Southwest Agricultural University), director of vegetable breeding teaching and research section of Southwest University, director of plant genetic engineering research section and director of biotechnology research center. Long-term engaged in vegetable germplasm resources and new variety breeding research. Presided over and participated in the breeding of excellent new vegetable varieties such as mustard grass kidney and cabbage Xiyuan No.2; During the Sixth Five-Year Plan and the Seventh Five-Year Plan, he participated in the key problem of vegetable crop breeding in China, presided over the research project "Study on New Varieties Breeding and Breeding Technology of Cabbage", and made contributions to the theory and practice of vegetable breeding and the development of vegetable production in China. /kloc-0 died in Beijing in 1990.
Personal experience
Chen Shiru was born in May 1924 in a peasant family in Chengdu County, Sichuan Province. The poor peasant life made him deeply worried about the problem of food and clothing for farmers since he was a child. In July, 1944, she was admitted to the Horticulture Department of Jinling University with excellent results. 1948 After graduating from university in July, he resolutely chose the road of "joining agriculture and serving the country scientifically". From 65438 to February 0949, he worked as a teaching assistant in the Department of Agriculture of West China Union Medical College University. During his teaching, he worked hard to complete the teaching guidance, on the other hand, he constantly sorted out and collected the domestic research materials in the field of horticulture, supplemented and revised the graduation thesis completed under the guidance of the famous horticulturist Professor Zhang Wencai, which laid the foundation for his future research work in horticultural plants.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the departments of Chinese universities have been adjusted. The Agricultural Department of West China Union Medical College merged with the then private Xianghui College, the Agricultural Department of Sichuan Education College, the Horticulture Department and the Agricultural Manufacturing Department to form Southwest Agricultural College. From then on, Chen Shiru entered Southwest Agricultural College to teach, and 1956 was promoted to lecturer. In addition to listening carefully, I also participated in the investigation, collection and research of vegetable and fruit tree germplasm resources in Chongqing.
During the "Cultural Revolution", the college was hit, teaching and research stopped, and enrollment was interrupted, but Chen Shiru's belief in "rejuvenating the country through science and education" was as firm as ever. He used all available time to read and study the theoretical literature and professional materials of genetics and breeding at home and abroad, and his professional and foreign language level was significantly improved. From 65438 to 0978, Professor Williams from Wisconsin State University visited China to give an academic report at China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with Chen Shiru as the translator. Proficient in English and profound professional attainments have won unanimous praise from American experts and domestic counterparts. In the same year, he became the first associate professor promoted after the Cultural Revolution, and served as the deputy editor of the national textbook Vegetable Breeding (first edition) from 65438 to 0979.
198 1 year, Chen Shiru went to the university of Wisconsin for cooperative research at the invitation of Professor Williams of the United States. In the meantime, I dabbled in the field of plant biotechnology, mastered the theory and technology of tissue cell culture, and had a deep understanding of the higher education system and teaching system in related fields in the United States. 1982 immediately led graduate students to set up a plant tissue cell culture laboratory and a plant genetic engineering laboratory, which did a lot of work for the application of biotechnology in vegetable genetics and breeding. Around 1985, he and his graduate students published many research papers in the Journal of the International Cruciferae Association, and made a series of reports on the origin and differentiation of mustard, the self-incompatible lines of cabbage, the rapid propagation of male sterile lines in vitro, and the fixation of F 1 heterosis of cabbage, which attracted the attention of international colleagues. During this period, experts from the Vegetable Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences have done a lot of work for the joint research plan of vegetable crop breeding, laying a technical foundation for the State Planning Commission, the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Finance to start the joint research of vegetable crops in the Sixth Five-Year Plan and the Seventh Five-Year Plan. From 65438 to 0986, he was promoted to professor, and in the same year, he was rated as doctoral supervisor by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee. 65438-0987 was employed as a member of the vegetable expert advisory group of the Ministry of Agriculture, deputy director of the national agricultural college teaching material steering committee, and head of the horticulture discipline group. 1988 was the editor-in-chief of national textbooks "Vegetable Breeding (Second Edition)" and "Principles and Practice of Vegetable Seed Production", and 1989 was elected as the vice chairman of China Horticultural Society.
Chen Shiru is strict and earnest in his research. In 1980s, he undertook and presided over the national key project "Study on Breeding of New Cabbage Varieties and Breeding Technology" during the Sixth Five-Year Plan and the Seventh Five-Year Plan, and was awarded twice by the State Science and Technology Commission, the Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance 1986 and 1989. He presided over the breeding of a series of new cabbage varieties and won the 1987 annual scientific and technological progress award and the 1988 Sichuan scientific and technological invention gold award; He presided over the course reform of vegetable breeding and won the second prize of 1989 Sichuan Excellent Teaching Achievements; Vegetable Breeding (second edition) edited by the editor-in-chief won the Excellent Textbook Award of the Ministry of Agriculture; He was also rated as an advanced individual and excellent teacher in Chongqing and the Ministry of Agriculture. Chen Shiru is also the chairman of Sichuan Horticultural Society, the vice chairman of Chongqing Genetic Society, the deputy director of academic committee of Southwest Agricultural University, the director of vegetable breeding teaching and research department of Southwest Agricultural University, the director of plant genetic engineering research office and the director of biotechnology research center. He has done a lot of useful social work to promote the development of vegetable industry in China.
1989 10 Chen Shiru occasionally felt unwell when he participated in the activities of the expert group of the Ministry of Agriculture. After hospital examination, he found a small shadow in his lungs, but it didn't attract his attention. He also visited Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Shanghai, Yunnan and other places. Two months later, after the investigation, it was diagnosed as advanced lung cancer. During the treatment in Japan-China Friendship Hospital, in order to introduce American authoritative vegetable crop breeding to his Japanese counterparts, he still insisted on revising the translated versions collected from various places during his illness. 1On September 8th, 990, Chen Shiru died with infinite expectation for the vegetable industry in China.
Erudition and academic contribution
As a vegetable geneticist, Chen Shiru attaches great importance to inheriting the previous research results, and at the same time attaches great importance to the study of the existing genetic breeding theory. On the basis of years of research on genetics and breeding of cruciferous vegetables, he chose heterosis utilization principle and disease-resistant breeding principle as the breakthrough point, and constantly enriched and developed the above theories through unremitting breeding practice and theoretical research. In the utilization of heterosis, the existing male sterile lines were systematically studied through specially designed experiments. It is generally believed that the obstacles to the application of Kokura cytoplasmic system with great potential at home and abroad are nectary dysplasia and low temperature yellowing at seedling stage. In view of these two obstacles, he designed a systematic experiment, and the results showed that there was no significant difference in the seed setting rate between the sterile line and the maintainer line, thus drawing the conclusion that "nectary is not an obstacle to the application of the cytoplasm system of the small barn, but low temperature yellowing at seedling stage is the limiting factor for its application", which provided enlightenment for colleagues to focus on tackling the problem of "yellowing at seedling stage"; At the same time, through a large number of experiments of reciprocal cross and backcross, it is proved that the expression of yellowing gene is related to cytoplasm, and it is difficult to improve it through sexual hybridization and backcross. Therefore, only through the transfer of cytoplasmic genes or the improvement of cytoplasm can we overcome the obstacle of "yellowing at seedling stage", point out the direction for the development of cell engineering improvement in China, and guide doctoral students to study and establish methods and technical systems for improving sterile cytoplasm through protoplast fusion. He also instructed graduate students to use in vitro rapid propagation of F 1 hybrids, which enriched the theory of maintaining plant heterosis from methodology. In the aspect of disease-resistant breeding, he presided over the research and put forward the identification method of multi-resistance of cabbage virus disease and black rot, and obtained dozens of excellent germplasm resources with multi-resistance through this method, which laid the foundation for successfully completing the joint research task of cabbage breeding in China during the Sixth Five-Year Plan and the Seventh Five-Year Plan. The above work made the field of cabbage genetics and breeding in China reach the international advanced level in the late 1980s.
While enriching and developing the theory of genetics and breeding, Chen Shiru has always been diligent in practice and promoted theoretical research. Only in the 1980s, he presided over the breeding of a series of new cabbage varieties with high quality, high yield and disease resistance, such as Xiyuan No.2, Xiyuan No.3, Xiyuan No.4 and Xiyuan No.6, which contributed to enriching the local vegetable supply. Among the bred new varieties, Xiyuan No.3 and Xiyuan No.4 were listed as national key promotion projects by the State Science and Technology Commission during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, and have been applied and promoted in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei and other provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government), and achieved great economic and social benefits.
1982, Chen Shiru returned to China after finishing the cooperative research with the University of Wisconsin, and immediately instructed graduate students to carry out plant biotechnology research. At that time, the international research on agricultural biotechnology developed rapidly, but due to the influence of China's "Cultural Revolution", the work was in a mess. Especially in the field of vegetable breeding, it is rare for domestic universities to use biotechnology such as plant tissue cell culture to assist breeding. Faced with this situation, Chen Shiru realized that if biotechnology was not combined with conventional breeding, it would be impossible for China to embark on the correct road of developing agricultural biotechnology, and it would be impossible to catch up with and surpass the breeding level of developed countries in the shortest time. Therefore, immediately after he led the graduate students to set up the plant genetic engineering and tissue cell culture laboratory, he established the research topics such as rapid propagation of cabbage self-incompatibility lines, rapid propagation of cabbage male sterile lines, in-vitro fixed heterosis of cabbage F 1 hybrids, rapid propagation of excellent and precious mustard resources and so on, and entered the deeper research topics such as protoplast fusion to improve cabbage cytoplasmic sterile lines. The research results were published in the Journal of International Cruciferae Association, which had an important impact. With the rapid development of biotechnology in China in the mid-1980s, Chen Shiru's forward-looking view that "the development of agricultural biotechnology in China must be combined with breeding practice to have a way out" has been generally proved.
Chen Shiru has been thinking about the teaching system of domestic universities. He believes that the domestic agricultural education system is still lacking in the cultivation of students' experimental operation skills. In the summer of 1984, he insisted on teaching the course of Vegetable Breeding for 8 1 undergraduates to explore new ways of education reform. At that time, he had brought three graduate students, and he was also the head of several scientific research projects such as the national "Sixth Five-Year Plan" research topic "New Cabbage Variety Breeding and Breeding Technology Research". His work was heavy, but he didn't relax the course teaching. From the perspective of strengthening ability training, the original vegetable breeding is divided into two courses: vegetable breeding principle and vegetable breeding technology. On the premise of compression theory, we should strengthen the teaching of basic theory, especially set up a series of experiments as a course of aquaculture technology, teach, operate and test separately, without increasing the total class hours, so as to strengthen students' experimental ability. His reform practice was highly praised by the Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, and his thoughts, practices and experiences on curriculum reform were forwarded to the National Agricultural University. Today, with the comprehensive and in-depth reform of the teaching content and curriculum system facing the 2 1 century, looking back on the reform road of Professor Chen Shiru 15 years ago, we can see that his advanced consciousness is amazing. From 65438 to 0989, the course reform of Vegetable Breeding presided by Chen Shiru won the second prize of Sichuan Excellent Teaching Achievements.
Digital chronology
1924 was born on may 27th, at the east gate of Chengdu county, Sichuan province.
1944- 1948 graduated from the Horticulture Department of Nanjing Jinling University with a bachelor's degree.
1949- 1950 worked as a teaching assistant in the Department of Agriculture, West China Union Medical College University.
1950- 195 1 served as teaching assistant of plant physiology group of southwest agricultural college.
1952- 1956 deputy director and lecturer, department of genetics, southwest agricultural college.
1957- 1986 Head and Associate Professor of Fruit Tree and Vegetable Breeding Department of Horticulture Department of Southwest Agricultural College.
1986- 1990 professor and doctoral supervisor of horticulture department of southwest agricultural university; Director of Academic Committee of Southwest Agricultural University.
1986- 1987 Chairman of Sichuan Horticultural Society.
1989- 1990, vice chairman of China Horticultural Society.
1990 passed away in Beijing on September 8th.
Main thesis
1 Chen Shiru. Application and prospect of modern breeding technology in vegetable breeding. Proceedings of the Academic Conference of China Horticultural Society. 1979.
Chen Shiru (main translator). Compilation of Foreign Vegetable Breeding Materials (Ⅱ). Chongqing: Chongqing Branch of China Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, 1979.
3 Chen Shiru (deputy editor). Vegetable breeding (first edition). Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1980.
4 Chen Shiru. Modernization of vegetable variety work. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1980.
5 Chen Shiru. Several problems on the utilization of vegetable heterosis. Collection of national academic papers on utilization of vegetable heterosis 55438+0980
6 Chen Shiru. Origin and differentiation of mustard varieties in China. Cruciferae News Express. 1982 (7)
7 Chen Shiru. Transfer and utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility in cabbage-study on yellowing of young leaves and nectary degeneration. Journal of Chongqing Society of Genetics. 38888 . 38686868686
In vitro rapid propagation of F 1 hybrids such as Chen Shiru and their parents, inbred lines and male sterile lines. Crossroads News Express. 1985 (10)
9 Chen Shiru et al. Preliminary report on genetic research of different types of mustard. Crossroads News Express. 1985 (10)
Personality assessment
initiative
The pioneering spirit of Chen Shiru's teaching reform is also reflected in a series of teaching material construction work he presided over. 65438-0987 was appointed as the deputy director of the national agricultural college teaching material steering committee and the head of the horticulture discipline group, shouldering the important responsibility of the national agricultural college teaching material construction during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period. He suggested that the newly revised textbooks should "prevent duplication, update content and introduce new theories, methods and technologies developed in recent years", which made the mandatory planning textbooks and guiding planning textbooks that won the bid in the Seventh Five-Year Plan have a clear direction. Facts have proved that the construction of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" teaching materials in agricultural colleges and universities in China has provided a basic scientific blueprint for the cultivation of talents in agricultural colleges and universities in the new period, and has become the basic guarantee for cultivating and transporting qualified talents in colleges and universities. In terms of textbook construction, Chen Shiru also personally served as the editor-in-chief of two textbooks: Vegetable Breeding (Second Edition) and Principles and Practice of Vegetable Seed Production. While earnestly presiding over the compilation of planning textbooks of the Ministry of Agriculture, he also advocated the selection and introduction of a number of internationally recognized authoritative textbooks and monographs as a supplement to the construction of planning textbooks, so as to broaden their horizons and introduce the latest and best achievements. He selected and edited the monograph Vegetable Crop Breeding written by more than ten famous experts in the United States, and organized more than ten experts and professors from all over the country to translate it together, in order to present a beautiful food to his domestic counterparts. Unfortunately, before the book was published, he was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. In order to fulfill my long-cherished wish, I still endured the illness and revised the translation. The meticulous scarlet letter left Chen Shiru's infinite attachment to the cause of agricultural science and education.
Chen Shiru is not only a rigorous vegetable breeder, but also a tireless explorer who has devoted himself to "teaching and educating people" for decades.
As a scholar,
He was persuaded by his distance. He often said that in terms of professional knowledge, teachers can only really win the respect of students and have a strong attraction to students if they are far above them. In teaching, he prepares lessons carefully. When discussing the lesson plan with the reviewing teacher, he took out several times more reading notes than the lesson plan! For more than 40 years, Chen Shiru has never slackened its efforts in education and scientific research. From 65438 to 0983, he suffered from nasal mucosa hyperplasia and was hospitalized. He still insists on reading books, reading materials and taking notes every day. He said, "People live to work. To do your job well, you must never relax your study at any time. " Although his position has changed with his age, he still regards teaching as his glorious duty. He not only strives to make his teaching level artistic, but also, like a silkworm spinning silk, constantly turns his knowledge, materials and experience into the common wealth of the whole teaching and research section. When graduate students and young and middle-aged teachers ask him for advice, he always immediately puts down what he is doing, enthusiastically answers questions and gives his accumulated materials, literature cards and notes to every comrade in need without reservation. His rigorous academic attitude and profound academic attainments have won the trust and reverence of teachers and students.
As a gardener,
He is close to his heart. Chen Shiru attaches great importance to establishing emotional ties with students and understanding their interests and ambitions. From 65438 to 0977, the first batch of college students entered the campus after the Cultural Revolution. Due to various factors, some students are uneasy about studying agriculture. Chen Shiru took every opportunity to have a heart-to-heart talk with his classmates, introduced the glorious history and bright future of gardening in China, the "mother of gardens", encouraged students to cherish hard-won opportunities, and made many students quickly correct their professional ideas. Chen Shiru understands and cares about young people, so he is understood and loved by young people, which is the secret of his good teaching and educating people.
There is still a long way to go.
Professional "distance" and emotional "proximity" make teachers' language thick and warm. Chen Shiru is strict with himself everywhere in his work and life, setting an example for students and young and middle-aged teachers. Many students in Grade 77 have been "educated youth" and are familiar with farm work. In production practice, some people think that carrying water and dumping manure is not a basic training and they are unwilling to do it. In this case, Chen Shiru, who was nearly sixty years old, said nothing, picked up the pole, silently stirred up dung, and went straight to the vegetable field to water the ground. The old professor's actions deeply touched the students present, and everyone quietly followed suit. In academic research, Chen Shiru is meticulous. When a graduate student was translating a thesis, he encountered a new word that could not be found in the dictionary, so he used transliteration to deal with it. Chen Shiru found this problem when reviewing the manuscript, and thought that although professional words can be transliterated, they can't be easily let go without knowing the meaning. He ran to the library by himself and finally found the exact meaning of the word in a latest dictionary of new chemical words. In teaching, when arranging graduate students and young teachers to participate in teaching practice, he always strictly controls, personally presides over pre-class trial lectures and after-class analysis and discussion, attends classes on time in each class, takes class notes, and obtains the right to speak first-hand information and after-class analysis. This highly responsible spirit touched young teachers and made them quickly grow into the backbone of professional curriculum teaching. In scientific research, Chen Shiru set an example. In the newly established plant biotechnology laboratory, at the beginning of research work, he personally demonstrated the actual operation and observation records. 1985 10, Chen Shiru gloriously joined China * * *, which turned a new page for her struggling life. After taking the oath to join the Party, he said the following sentence, which can be used as a summary of his life: "Scientific research and teaching and educating people are my lofty duties. Really fulfilling this responsibility is not a matter of one day or two days, a year or two. Although I am nearly old, as a teacher, I still feel that I have a long way to go. I am willing to do my duty all my life and contribute my life to the rejuvenation of China. "