(1) Early integration education for autistic children
The so-called integrated education refers to the form of placing preschool children with special educational needs in ordinary kindergartens and receiving care and education with normal children. At present, the implementation of early integration education for autistic children in China mainly focuses on the following four aspects.
① Family, kindergarten and community integrated education model: On the basis of group cooperation, mobilize relevant forces to make early diagnosis and evaluation of children, and formulate and implement intervention training plans.
(2) On the basis of comprehensive evaluation, establish a personalized and structured education guarantee scheme: use the data of comprehensive evaluation and direct observation to determine the goal, implementation method and development evaluation method of integrated education guarantee.
(3) In the content of integrated education, attention should be paid to the development of social communication of autistic children: special attention should be paid to the development of social communication, language exchange and interaction ability of autistic children, and a lot of training should be arranged to improve their attention, imitation and game ability, so as to cultivate children's ability to share and express their feelings with others.
④ Infiltration intervention method to maintain a certain amount of personalized training: it is a daily training for autistic children under the guidance of professionals and according to the personalized education plan by parents or teachers in the natural social and ecological environment. Through such training, the effect can be consolidated. It can achieve obvious results in correcting autism behavior, cultivating social communication ability and improving social adaptability.
(2) Teaching methods of school age.
(1) Make a personalized education and teaching plan: In the process of making it, we should always think of:
Whether these education and teaching can improve children's ability to understand nature and society; Whether it can promote children's language communication ability, sports skills and vocational skills; Whether it will improve their social adaptability. Generally speaking, educators make personalized education and teaching plans according to functional or practical principles, children's age characteristics and development level, and the characteristics and degree of autism.
(2) Multi-sensory teaching: Children with autism can't concentrate on learning content because of their uncertain attention direction and too many choices. For example, a child who is sensitive to music and rhythm can use music to teach autistic children to learn multiplication formulas.
(3) Adopting structured teaching method: using the principle of behavior analysis, on the basis of comprehensive evaluation, the teaching objectives and teaching methods are determined, and the individualized education plan is formulated. Strive for the active participation of parents and the cooperation of the community, teach parents to engage in certain education and teaching work, and let the children's community understand and cooperate with the education of autistic children.
(4) Adopt the method of intensive education: give autistic children 15 ~ 30 hours of intensive training every week, and consolidate the training results by adopting the method of classified learning (classified learning is a flexible teaching method using the ecological environment). Fully emphasize the use of different environments inside and outside the classroom, inside and outside the family, inside and outside the kindergarten, etc., to show the diversity of stimuli and improve students' interest and participation in learning.
Curriculum design emphasizes the development of social interaction and communication skills. As far as the teaching content is concerned, we should try our best to cultivate the ability to communicate with others, understand the group norms and improve the ability of social participation. Improve the professional level of teachers and strengthen supervision and inspection. Through regular inspection and supervision, we can ensure the smooth implementation of the individual plan for autistic children, discuss the problems in education and teaching in time, and ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of education and teaching. Use a variety of learning theories and training methods.
(3) The principles of exercise therapy and intervention:
① Through medical examination and physical assessment, determine the exercise therapy and intervention scheme for autistic children, and formulate individualized exercise therapy and intervention scheme.
② Control the amount of exercise and intervention plan, formulate individual plans to control exercise and intervention according to children's physical and mental conditions, and determine the time and intensity of exercise therapy and intervention for autistic children to avoid irretrievable fatigue.
(3) Follow the principle of gradual progress and increase the amount of exercise from less to more by taking a small number of times.
④ Cooperate with other methods to mobilize the initiative of autistic children, consolidate the implementation steps of exercise therapy and intervention, and conduct medical examination and physical fitness evaluation.
⑤ Determine whether the specific goal of exercise therapy and intervention is to calm emotions or improve motor skills.
⑥ Choose the types of exercise therapy, including relaxation exercise, breathing exercise, stretching exercise and endurance exercise.
⑦ Determine the time, frequency and amount of exercise of exercise therapy.
Methods: Passive exercise therapy and intervention, including massage and traction.
Active sports therapy and intervention mainly include unarmed sports (rhythmic gymnastics, therapeutic gymnastics, boxing) and mechanical sports (pole vault, ball games, skateboarding, etc. ).
A large number of clinical studies show that through exercise therapy and intervention, children with autism can control incorrect and ineffective reflex actions, make individuals have normal sensory input, make the input information reach the corresponding neural channels, and respond correctly and effectively in effective integration, thus promoting children's physical and mental maturity.
(4) The construction and practice of preschool integrated education model; The mode of combining group activities with individual training; Joint mode of cooperation with community and rehabilitation institutions.