Keywords: cultivation; Children; Behavior Habits The best time for children to develop behavior habits is early childhood. In addition to the important influence of family on cultivating children's good behavior habits, school is also an important place for children to form good behavior habits, and it is also a critical period for the formation of good habits. The age characteristics of kindergarten children determine that the cultivation of children's civilized behavior and good habits needs the effective cooperation between kindergarten and family. The cultivation of children's good behavior habits is not only their own needs, but also the needs of society, so it has very important practical significance.
First, why should we cultivate children's good behavior habits? First of all, to fully implement quality education, we must cultivate good behavior habits. For some time, both school education and family education have been aimed at exam-oriented education, hoping that children can get high marks in their studies, while neglecting the cultivation of their quality and ability. On his deathbed, Zheng Banqiao, a great painter in Qing Dynasty, wanted to eat steamed bread made by his son. By the time his son delivered the temporary study, he was already dead. He left a note for his son, which read: "Sweat by yourself, eat by yourself, do things by yourself, depend on the sky, people and ancestors, you are not a hero!" " It can be seen that he did not forget to teach his son the habit of self-reliance and self-improvement before his death. Isn't this an inspiration to our parents today? This requires parents not only to teach their children knowledge, but also to teach them to be human beings, dare to challenge themselves, constantly develop and improve themselves from ideological and moral, scientific and cultural knowledge, and create a good growth environment for their children.
(2) It is the need of family and society to cultivate good behavior habits. 1996, the editorial department of a journal conducted a questionnaire survey among students from China, Japan and the United States. The survey results show that Japanese middle school students rank their parents in the top two of the "most respected people", while American middle school students rank in the top two of the "most respected people". Sad, China's parents! Is it because China's parents don't love their children? Not exactly. In fact, China's parents' painstaking efforts, strength and brains in raising their children are world-class, especially those of the contemporary only-child parents, who are desperately trying to keep up with the competition in raising their children. My neighbor bought an electronic piano for their children, and I also want to buy a piano for their children: my neighbor bought a computer for their children, and I want to buy them a more upscale one. Some of them have become children's "slaves" and provided children with various "services". They only know how to give generously and spoil their children unilaterally, but neglect to cultivate their good behavior habits and love for their parents, elders and society. Children have developed the bad habits of selfishness, indifference, willfulness, indulgence and no sense of responsibility, which not only harms children, but also harms parents themselves and society.
(3) Cultivating good behavior habits is to meet the needs of school education. Piaget, a famous Swiss child psychologist, divides the development of children's behavior habits into four stages: egocentric stage (2-5 years old), heteronomy stage (6-8 years old), self-discipline stage (8- 10-2 years old) and justice stage (10-2). Piaget believes that in the egocentric stage, behavioral habits are unstable: in the heteronomy stage, children's moral judgment is dominated and restricted by external value standards, and one of the manifestations is absolute obedience to parents or teachers. Children in the lower grades of primary school are in the heteronomy stage of the development of children's behavior habits. They have not yet formed their own moral understanding and unchanging moral standards. Their moral concepts are mainly influenced by people around them, such as parents, teachers and classmates and friends who play together. Therefore, as teachers, we must seize this favorable opportunity to help schools educate children to be civilized, polite and disciplined, and develop good social behavior habits. Because education is carried out at this time, children are easy to accept and form stable habits. At the same time, they can also prevent children from being influenced by bad social atmosphere and forming some bad habits.
Second, suggestions for cultivating children's good behavior habits As early childhood educators, in addition to strengthening family communication and adhering to the above basic principles, there should be more systematic and professional methods and strategies than families to ensure the cultivation of children's good behavior habits.
(A) to determine the standardized and serialized education kindergartens should establish daily and serialized education. Children aged 3 ~ 6 years old are the critical period for the formation of personality and morality. Because of their great plasticity, their personality and morality often appear repeatedly in the process of formation, so the educational content should be serialized. According to the characteristics and development of children, we should formulate the rules of children's daily activities, stipulate some rules that children should do and abide by in their daily life and study, and determine the standards of children's civilized behaviors and habits in clothing, food, housing, transportation and communication, such as sitting posture, sleeping style, cleaning up after meals, and sorting out supplies after activities. For example, a series of education made according to time, the first time you enter the park, there will be a collective education of love; Motherly love education on March 8th Women's Day; Do a good job in children's education on Children's Day; July 1st Love Party Education. Usually, we ask young children to achieve "three lightness": speaking lightly, walking lightly, and putting things down lightly; Educate children to abide by public order, not to interfere with others, and to care for public property. Lunch requires "three cleanness": clean bowls, clean tables and clean floors, and educate children to cherish food. During the nap, children are required to take off their clothes, arrange their clothes and turn over their collars. We teach our children to "do their own thing, learn to do what they can't do, and persist in applying what they have learned." We pay attention to adopting effective educational methods according to the characteristics of children's physical and mental development, such as treating timid children and cultivating brave qualities; To treat children with overbearing personality, we should cultivate tolerance, harmony and kindness; Treating children who are greedy for other people's things is mainly to cultivate honest quality; To treat children with strong rebellious character, we should adopt comprehensive training methods to correct their bad character. Because each child's family education affects different environments and ways, they may also have different reactions to the teacher's education methods. We observe and understand children's different psychological characteristics and adopt effective methods to carry out targeted education.
(2) form a joint force with the family to transform the adult world for children. It is difficult to cultivate children's habits now. The biggest difficulty is that our parents, even grandparents, including teachers, may have many bad habits themselves. We may not fully know what a good habit is. We grew up with many animals. We may carry a lot of old ideas, old cultures, old customs and old habits. Pick things with your eyes, not your hands. We are not picky, but after you pinch it, they may not buy it. How do others buy it in the end? We haven't thought about these problems. This is a conditioned reflex. I want to try and pinch everything I choose. This bad habit also directly affects children. When eating fruit in class, let the children help themselves. Who doesn't choose comparison, always chooses this one or thinks that one is better. Another example is the habit of protecting environmental sanitation. Many adults are "spotless" about the hygiene of small families, but they are: spitting, littering, making noise, etc. They don't realize that these bad behaviors will have a negative impact on their next generation.
Japanese educator Fukuzawa Yukichi said: "Family is a habitual school, and parents are habitual teachers." In order to make children's behavior habits achieve good results, it is necessary to establish a unified educational network for families and kindergartens. Through parent-teacher conferences, parent-teacher conferences and other forms, parents can systematically learn the theory of children's moral education; "Family Education Special Issue" and "Family Education Small Garden" always play the role of publicity and communication; Contact parents in writing every month through the Hometown Contact Manual, so that parents and teachers can keep abreast of their children's situation in the park and at home and carry out targeted education; We also let parents watch, understand and participate in kindergarten education through activities such as parents' open day and home co-education, so that parents can consciously and actively cooperate with our education work. Only by letting children feel the same way at home and in the garden can the cultivation of good habits have real significance.
(3) Respect children's rights and participation, and let children fully participate in the process of forming children's habits. The process of forming habits becomes the danger of enslaving children. Everyone must pay attention to this one. What do you mean? That is to say, adults are studying habits, and adults are formulating norms, forcing children to do and implement them. This is terrible. Because real education is self-education and children are masters, we just want to play their role as masters. To form a good habit, let children feel that this is what I want. I especially hope to have this good habit, which is of great help to me and is very useful for my development. Only when I have more good habits can I make more friends. This is positive, not forced.
Children's participation has a ladder, and the ladder has five layers: the first layer is manipulation, and adults manipulate children; The second floor is decorated, find a few children to perform and decorate; The third layer is symbolic participation; The fourth layer is adult homework; The fifth layer is to discuss with children; The starting point of our habit formation is the fifth floor. We should discuss it with the children. We should cultivate their good habits and discuss with them: Do you need to cultivate this habit? Would you like to cultivate this habit? Because children have the right to choose: what habits I am willing to develop, such as the habit of loving sports, the habit of being polite ... You can't train introverted children into extroverted children, and chronic children can't be trained into acute children. When forming habits, we should pay attention to rules and respect differences.
(4) Help children build self-confidence. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a great people educator, said, "Instead of treating children as Tianjin ducks to fill in fragmentary knowledge, it is better to give them some keys so that they can freely open the treasure house of culture and the treasure house of the universe." We guide children to learn to learn and cultivate their learning ability; Cultivating a series of educational behaviors, such as friendship, courage, overcoming difficulties, courtesy and observing discipline, ignores a core issue that can affect children's personality development-self-confidence. Self-confidence is an important condition for children's personality and mental health. The cultivation of self-confidence is also the most important part of mental health education.
The so-called self-confidence is a positive self-evaluation, and a positive self-affirmation emotional tendency arising from the expectation of respect from others, the collective and society. Self-confidence is a full understanding and evaluation of your own strength. Children with strong self-confidence can actively participate in various activities, actively communicate with others, establish good relations with their peers, and bravely face difficulties and make bold attempts. In kindergarten, there are also quite a few children who lack self-confidence and think that they are inferior to other children in some aspects or even many aspects. They often dare not take the initiative to ask for team competitions, put forward their own opinions and suggestions, and dare not show themselves boldly in front of everyone. In the face of new things and activities, I often fear and shrink back. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to the cultivation of children's self-confidence to ensure the formation of children's good behavior habits.
For example, many children are far from the requirements of collective life in practical ability and behavior habits. In kindergarten, these children generally lack self-confidence and self-care ability. Self-confidence is the core of children's growth process and the driving force for children to realize their wishes and ideals. The formation of children's self-confidence is often inseparable from adults' trust in children. Trust is a tonic for children's growth. Trust not only comes from parents' encouragement to children, but also depends on teachers' recognition of children's behavior. For young children, only by having a successful experience can they gain self-confidence. Only when children are confident can they face the opportunities and challenges in life with confidence. Good behavior habits require parents to cultivate their children bit by bit in daily life, so that children can make continuous progress and lay a solid foundation for their future life.
(V) Cultivating children's good living habits In the process of children's good behavior, parents' responsibility is to give guidance according to their age characteristics and cultivate them patiently in a prepared environment, so that his every move will gradually develop into good behavior. Good behavior of parents can set an example for children to learn and let them accept it consciously. For children of this age, parents should do their duty, observe carefully, praise his good behavior in time, strengthen and encourage him to continue to develop, form habits and consolidate them; Express dissatisfaction with bad behavior, help him learn to recognize it, not accuse him, and don't deprive him of the opportunity and right to interact with children because of his bad behavior.
The formation of habit is the result of behavior accumulation. When a child gets a sense of success from a certain behavior, he will naturally repeat this behavior and become his habit. Habits determine a person's character, and the cultivation of good behavior habits should start from an early age and also from the family.
Third, the significance of cultivating children's good behavior habits First, it is conducive to children's health. Good hygiene habits, including personal hygiene (clothes and body) and public hygiene (no spitting or littering); Good living habits, including not picky eaters, eating and sleeping on time, etc. Second, it is conducive to children's self-reliance and self-confidence. Doing your own thing is of course something that children can do. Don't underestimate that children can accomplish a small thing on their own. If parents give support and encouragement, children's self-confidence will gradually increase. Third, it is conducive to children's good interpersonal relationships. Don't take other people's things, but know how to care, love and help others. These are also basic moral principles. Fourth, it is conducive to children's career achievements. Concentration, perseverance and perseverance. This is the most important behavior habit that affects children's future academic performance. Fifth, we should cultivate good behavior habits. Scientist Bacon said: "Habit is a tenacious force that can dominate life." This shows the importance of cultivating good behavior habits. Cultivating good behavior habits is an important condition to promote the all-round development of children's intelligence, ability and physical and mental health. With good behavior habits, many problems in study and life will be solved, but it will bring unnecessary trouble to children's study and life and future development. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate children's good behavior habits.
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