First, the history and present situation of foreign child development and educational psychology

(A) the historical evolution and current situation of child development psychology

1. The development of children's developmental psychology

Psychology as a discipline was born in 1879 "the father of psychology" ★ Feng Te established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, from which psychology was separated from philosophy and became an independent science.

In ancient Greece, Socrates put forward that "virtue is knowledge". He believes that "anything called virtue in the world" can be improved through study and practice.

Plato inherited and developed Socrates' thought. In the Republic, he spent most of his time talking about his educational ideas.

Aristotle inherited and developed the educational philosophy of Socrates and Plato, and further promoted the development of educational theory. He first proposed that children should follow the "natural curriculum" and divide them into "age stage" and "education stage" according to the characteristics of children's physical and mental growth. He also paid enough attention to preschool education and put forward many pertinent opinions on "children's health care".

During the pre-Qin period in China, Confucius advocated "teaching without class" and was the first to put forward that "sex is similar, but learning is far away". He said, "If less is natural, habit is normal."

★ Mencius advocated "the theory of good nature"

★ Xunzi put forward the theory of "evil nature"

The culture and education in Western Europe in the Middle Ages were retrogressive, with serious religious overtones.

Comenius, a Czech educator after the Renaissance, wrote the first systematic and specialized book on educational theory, The Great Teaching Theory. This book is regarded as a symbol of the birth of an independent pedagogy, which means that pedagogy has been separated from philosophy and has become an independent discipline. He also put forward the slogan of "universal education"

★ Locke, British philosopher and educator, published Educational Comics 1693. On the one hand, he put forward the "whiteboard theory"; On the other hand, he put forward a complete and systematic "gentleman education theory".

★ Rousseau, a French thinker, philosopher and educator, finished the creation of the famous educational novel Emile in 1762, and systematically put forward his "theory of natural education".

★ Pestalozzi, Swiss educator "Lianhard and Saint Gotha"

★ Froebel, a famous German educator, first put forward a systematic theory of early childhood education and vigorously promoted kindergartens, which won him a world reputation. His masterpiece Education for the People divides children's development into four stages-infancy, infancy, adolescence and student period.

★ Darwin's Theory of Evolution and A Brief Introduction to a Baby

★ Phulel German physiologist and experimental psychologist Child Psychology marks the official birth of "Scientific Child Psychology".

★ Hall's "Father of American Child Psychology" and "Defense Speech"

★ Stellen Germany's "Psychology of Early Children before the Age of Six" first proposed that IQ is an indicator to measure the level of individual intelligence development.

★ Binet.Alfred. Alfred test research

★ Watson's experimental study on children's emotional conditioning with American "experimental method"

★ gesell Follow-up Study of gesell Infant Development Scale

★ Freud's psychoanalytic theory of Austrian doctors

2. The current situation of child development psychology

★ Warren French from action to thinking, children's psychological development, the origin of children's thinking and school psychology.

★ Four stages of Piaget's cognitive development Swiss structuralism "genetic epistemology"

★ Bruno American Cognitive Psychologist and Educator Structuralist School of Education

★ Skinner's behaviorism school was rated as "the first psychologist in the 20th century" by American psychologists. Operational conditioning theory puts forward the concept of "timely reinforcement" and the time law of reinforcement.