1. Orientation perception: Three-year-old children can only distinguish up and down directions, four-year-old children can start to distinguish back and forth directions, five-year-old children can start to distinguish left and right directions centered on themselves, and six-year-old children can completely and correctly distinguish up, down, back and forth directions, but it is still difficult to judge left and right directions centered on themselves. Many studies believe that the relativity of left and right directions can not be mastered until the age of seven or eight.
2. Sense of distance: Children can distinguish the distance of familiar objects or places. We can't correctly understand the relatively distant space distance.
3. Shape perception: Children's shape perception is developing year by year. Generally speaking, children in small classes can correctly distinguish circles, triangles, rectangles and squares. In addition to the above four kinds of graphics, children in middle and large classes can further master other plane graphics such as trapezoid, semicircle, diamond and ellipse, as well as three-dimensional graphics such as sphere, cube and cuboid.
4. Time perception: Children have some initial concepts about time, but they are often associated with their specific life activities. According to their understanding, "morning" is when you get up, and "afternoon" is when your mother comes to pick you up. It is difficult for them to correctly grasp some relative time concepts, such as "yesterday", "today" and "tomorrow". Generally speaking, they only know the present, not the past and the future.
Children in early childhood can correctly understand "yesterday", "today" and "tomorrow", and can also use words such as "morning" and "evening", but they can't understand distant time such as "the day before yesterday" and "the day after tomorrow".
Children in infancy can distinguish some time concepts such as "yesterday", "today" and "tomorrow". Also began to be able to distinguish "the day before yesterday", "the day before yesterday", "the day after tomorrow" and "the day after tomorrow", distinguish between morning and afternoon, know what day it is, and know the spring, summer, autumn and winter. But it is difficult to distinguish between shorter or farther time concepts.
5. Social perception: Children's perception of others is first manifested in collective perception.
Children's self-awareness begins to develop in early childhood and continues to develop after entering early childhood. Children like to be praised and respected by adults and don't like to be criticized. Children feel happy when they are praised and ashamed when they are criticized, but this feeling often does not last long, and it is easy to calm down and forget, so it is not easy to consciously carry forward their advantages and overcome their shortcomings.
Children's independence and consciousness have gradually developed.