Lead: Psychological counseling is a process to help visitors stand on their own feet through interpersonal relationships and psychological methods. When you encounter troubles in your life and are ready to choose a counselor to enter the consulting room, you should choose a counselor with psychological, medical or educational background, professional training, long-term experience in psychological counseling and treatment, and be recognized by professional psychotherapy associations or society.
First, an overview of psychological counseling
Connotation of psychological counseling
Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help, enlighten and educate visitors through language, writing and other media, so that they can change their cognition, mood and attitude, solve psychological problems in study, work, life and disease rehabilitation, so as to better adapt to the environment and maintain physical and mental health.
Psychological counseling in colleges and universities mainly refers to the direct or indirect knowledge or help provided by psychological counselors in colleges and universities for students' learning, adaptation, development and job selection. Its purpose can be summarized as optimizing students' psychological quality, improving their mental health level, preventing psychological diseases and promoting personality maturity and all-round development.
Principles of psychological counseling
1, the principle of confidentiality, no matter what you say, the consultant will keep it secret for you, and no second person will know. So you can open your heart and speak freely.
2, the principle of trust, the consultant should be the embodiment of trust and acceptance, with full enthusiasm, sincere attitude, actively examine the problems of help seekers. To do this, the consultant must have a positive belief in human nature, attach importance to the dignity and value of each individual, and believe in human plasticity.
3. The principle of helping others to help themselves. The consultation process of a consultant is not a process of giving you advice and finding solutions, but a process of helping you think clearly about your problems and find solutions. In the process of consultation, your own psychology can grow. So, what is consultation? Give people fish? , not? For people and fish? . Zhlzw.com China lizhi net
4. The principle of unconditional care. No matter what you say, the counselor will not use a moral concept to judge whether things are right or wrong. Everything you do has your reasons.
5, the principle of neutrality, psychological counselors should always keep a cool, sober mind and a neutral position in psychological counseling, to ensure the objectivity and impartiality of counseling, and not to be mixed with personal feelings and interests; In the process of consultation, don't criticize or impose your values on people who ask for help.
Second, the relationship between psychological counseling and ideological and political education
The connection between the two.
The connection between the two in practical work. First of all, in China's colleges and universities, psychological counseling has been inextricably linked with ideological and political education since its birth. Psychological consultation is an organic part of ideological and political work in colleges and universities in the new period, and it is also an important way and means of ideological and political work in colleges and universities. Secondly, the content of ideological and political education ensures that psychological counseling has a correct political direction. Thirdly, ideological and political education can not be separated from psychological consultation, which can enhance the scientificity, comprehensiveness, accuracy and appeal of ideological and political education. It can meet students' psychological needs, relieve tense psychological contradictions and improve the efficiency of ideological and political work in colleges and universities.
The difference between the two.
1, the similarities and differences between the two contents. The contents of psychological counseling include psychological barriers, psychological adaptation and psychological development counseling. Ideological and political education in colleges and universities includes political education, ideological education, moral education and personality psychological health education. The formation of a person's good ideological, political and moral qualities is closely related to a person's mental health. On the one hand, people with mental health are more likely to receive ideological and political education, and can internalize their beliefs and externalize their behaviors. On the other hand, some wrong ideas and bad morals are often formed or manifested in unhealthy mentality, and some are the result of psychological obstacles.
2. Similarities and differences between the two principles. Both of them are dealing with real people, and they should be enthusiastic, respectful, sincere and patient with the people they work with, be emotional, be sensible and reasonable, and do what they do, and attach importance to the combination of personal interests and social interests. Ideological and political education pays more attention to social interests, while psychological counseling emphasizes the interests of visitors. In addition to individual heart-to-heart, ideological and political education often takes the form of listening to lectures and participating in social practice, while psychological counseling can be used in conjunction with medical methods in addition to words. In the form of psychological consultation, most of them wait for visitors to consult, which is largely based on the voluntary consultation of visitors, while ideological and political education is often active. Even if the object of education has no desire to take the initiative to receive education, educators will try their best to promote the transformation of the object of education according to the needs of work.
3. The difference between the two methods. Psychological counseling mainly adopts individual counseling or therapy, group counseling or therapy, measurement, interview, questionnaire survey and other methods. Generally, they wait for medical treatment and voluntarily accept counseling. The relationship between visitors and consultants is equal and trusting, with visitors as the center and consultants focusing on listening and consulting. The focus of ideological and political education is the party's basic line, patriotism, collectivism, revolutionary tradition, ideal and morality, democracy and legal system, situation and policy education, etc. , mainly using individual conversations, collective discussions, conference lectures, moral education classes, etc. Actively implement education according to the needs of work, pay attention to tradition and indoctrination, and strive to promote the improvement of ideological consciousness and understanding ability of the educated.
Third, the enlightenment of psychological counseling to ideological and political education
Through the analysis of the relationship between psychological counseling and ideological and political education, the author believes that psychological counseling and ideological and political education are intrinsically and profoundly related, and they should be organically combined to continuously innovate the contents and methods of ideological and political education. The enlightenment of psychological consultation to ideological and political education in colleges and universities is:
1. Psychology is a function of the human brain and a subjective dynamic reflection of objective things. Thought has the same essence, which is reflected in people's minds through objective existence and produced through thinking processing. The forming process of thought and psychology is unified. From the psychological point of view, whether it is the formation of healthy personality or the cultivation of noble thoughts, it is the result of the interaction of various psychological factors such as people's knowledge, feelings, intentions, needs, motives and personality. Therefore, students' psychological factors cannot be ignored in ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Only by starting with psychology can we grasp the law of the formation, development and change of students' thoughts.
Thought plays a decisive role in psychology and dominates the direction of psychological activities; Psychology has a negative effect on thinking, and the development and change of thinking are influenced and restricted by psychological factors. Therefore, on the one hand, psychological counseling has the function of ideological and political education, providing the necessary psychological foundation for the effective implementation of ideological and political education; On the other hand, ideological and political education has the function of psychological optimization. Ideological and political education in colleges and universities can enable students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, values and political views, and then promote the formation of students' good personality.
2. College students' outlook on life and world outlook is not yet mature, and their psychology and emotions fluctuate greatly, which is easy to cause anxiety and anxiety, and sometimes even shows intense or abnormal behavior. With the help of new Confucian theories and methods in the field of ideological and political education, such as psychological counseling, people can re-understand the traditional ideological and political education, and ideological and political educators can study the ideological situation from multiple disciplines and angles, and distinguish ideological problems from psychological problems, which is helpful to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education. It is precisely because psychological consultation is aimed at the ideological reality of college students and plays a unique role in solving their psychological and ideological problems that it has been paid more and more attention to in college students' ideological and political education and has become an important part of higher education.
3. Ideological and political education should be close to students' ideological and psychological reality. Only by deeply understanding the psychological reality of visitors can we effectively carry out psychological counseling and make it more targeted. Ideological and political education in colleges and universities should be more targeted and effective, and also pay attention to the understanding of students' ideological and psychological reality. First, we should fully grasp students' personality and psychological characteristics, and understand their interests, hobbies, temperament, personality and so on. We can be strict with extroverted students, which will easily make them suffer, while we need more encouragement and affirmation for introverted students. If we are too strict, they will lose confidence. Second, we should fully understand students' knowledge background, ideas and values. Before instilling new ideas, educators should first understand the ideas and values that have already played a role in students' minds and help them accept correct ideas from their hearts. We can learn from the practice of psychological counseling, and comprehensively use observation, interview and questionnaire to deeply understand students' ideological status, thus enhancing the effectiveness and pertinence of ideological and political education.
4. Educators and educatees should establish a relationship of equality and trust. The effect of psychological counseling depends largely on whether the relationship of equality and trust has been established. The establishment of interpersonal relationship of equality and trust is beneficial for visitors to think calmly, answer truthfully and make positive changes according to the requirements of consultants. In the past ideological and political education, educators were advocates of external social requirements, often in a dominant position, and the educated were often in a secondary position of passive acceptance. Such an unequal and distrustful relationship will easily make the educated have conflicts and antipathy, and the effect of education will naturally be greatly reduced. So the establishment and persistence of equality and trust between educators and educatees? People-oriented? , student-oriented. Ideological and political educators in colleges and universities should attach great importance to it.
5. Ideological and political education should adopt the method of combining group education with individual education. As social people, college students have both the common characteristics of groups and the characteristics of individuals. Psychological counseling should not only face groups, but also pay attention to individuals. Ideological and political education in colleges and universities is generally based on group education, and lectures, lectures and group discussions are aimed at students collectively, lacking attention and understanding of individual ideological conditions, which affects the effect of education to some extent. Groups and individuals interact with each other, and the change of the correct concept of groups means the success of group education. Therefore, the combination of group education and individual education is an effective way to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.
Some basic theories in psychological counseling, such as behavioral therapy theory and cognitive theory, are also worth learning from ideological and political education in colleges and universities. In particular, cognitive theory reveals the law of the formation, development and change of ideological knowledge, emphasizing that the change of thought should go through three stages: obedience, recognition and internalization, and ideological education is a long-term and repeated process in stages. Cognitive theory also thinks that the psychological mechanism of ideological change is cognitive obstacle. Therefore, psychologists and educators should first create contradictions in students' understanding, and the process of solving contradictions is the process of solving psychological problems and improving students' ideological understanding. These scientific theories should become fresh materials for ideological and political education in colleges and universities in the new period. It will be helpful to enhance the scientific nature of the theory of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and the effectiveness of the work to conduct in-depth research on them and absorb valuable elements from them.
Psychological counseling is novel and targeted, which conforms to the psychological characteristics of college students and is easily accepted by them. This is an effective means to improve their psychological quality and health. It is an important way to improve the effectiveness and pertinence of ideological and political education by integrating some methods of psychological consultation into ideological and political education in colleges and universities and constantly innovating the contents and methods of ideological and political education.
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