In the Chinese curriculum standards, it is clearly pointed out that "Chinese teaching in primary schools should cultivate students' patriotic feelings and socialist moral quality, gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values", "gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge", and "Chinese curriculum should also pay attention to improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form a good personality and a sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty". Therefore, I think Chinese teaching, as far as teachers are concerned, is not only to teach students language skills, but also to teach students to be human beings; For students, it is not only a tool to learn language, but also a truth to learn to be a man. Its teaching goal is not only to let students master the language, but also to let students be infected by patriotism education, lofty ideal education, spiritual civilization education and moral sentiment. Therefore, Chinese moral education is an inherent attribute of Chinese teaching, a basic task and an indispensable aspect.
Compared with other disciplines, the special advantage of moral education infiltration in Chinese discipline lies in its teaching content mainly based on literary works. In the 12 Chinese textbook from grade one to grade six, every selected article is the best model for moral education for students. Patriotic, ideal, strong, diligent, United, friendly, humble and filial design has a subtle infiltration, infection and edification on students, and has a far-reaching impact on students' emotions, attitudes and values, as well as their ideological and moral character throughout their lives. But how to carry out moral education infiltration in Chinese teaching, and give better play to the role of edification, infection and subtle influence? Let me share with you some of my own practices:
1. Infiltrate moral education into disciplines.
The title is often called the "headline eye" of an article, which is the refinement, generalization and concentration of the essence of the article. A good topic can not only express the main content of the article, but also reflect the author's thoughts and feelings. At this time, we can take the topic as the breakthrough point of moral education infiltration, so as to carry out moral education infiltration. For example, when teaching the article "A Strong Song of Life", we should first guide students to understand the meaning of the word "Zhuang", then let students tell their touching feats according to their own experiences, and finally interpret and read the topic with their own understanding. This will arouse students' understanding of life, understand the precious cooperation and dedication of weak life in nature at critical moments, and get infected from the feat of outer ants and old antelopes sacrificing themselves for others and calmly dying.
2. Introducing into moral education.
As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle", which makes sense. It tells us that good teaching should be the first step. In this regard, we might as well play up the art of "opening the door" in classroom teaching, so that moral education knowledge can penetrate "fine and fine", just right. Therefore, carefully design vivid and ingenious leads, and infect and educate students through leads. For example, in the teaching of the article "Summer Palace", we might as well show multimedia courseware to introduce the beautiful scenery of the Summer Palace to students and ask: "Why do Chinese and foreign tourists like to walk around the garden?" This kind of introduction not only aroused students' interest in learning, but also educated them in patriotism, making them proud of the intelligence of the ancient working people in China, thus cultivating students' strong sense of national pride.
2. Infiltrate moral education in exploring new knowledge.
The characteristics of Chinese class determine that moral education in Chinese class is not imposed or empty preaching, but must be infiltrated into the process of Chinese training. Therefore, moral education can be infiltrated in the following aspects.
(1) Infiltrate moral education in reading aloud.
Chinese curriculum emphasizes "reading-oriented". Only by reading aloud can students immerse themselves in the scene, feel the infection and edification of the characters' thoughts in the article, and thus receive moral education. For example, there is a passage in the article Tomato Sun: "When leaving, Yao Ming gently pulled my sleeve and said," Auntie, come and talk to you. I bent down, and she whispered in my ear, Aunt, my mother said that my eyes were given to me by good people. When teaching here, we should guide students to read more and more intensively, and read just right, which is really touching, so that students can understand and deeply appreciate the little girl's kind and beautiful heart.
(2) Infiltrating moral education in character analysis.
In order to make the characters described in this paper stand in front of students and be engraved in their hearts, we should make use of the concrete analysis of characters in reading teaching, so that students can not only get a preliminary understanding of the methods of describing characters, but also be influenced by their lofty thoughts and excellent qualities. The outstanding figures collected in primary school Chinese textbooks, especially the celebrities who have made outstanding contributions in politics, economy, science and culture, should be role models for students to learn and let our students feel the moral appeal of these images.
The characters in this article have infinite loyalty and love for the motherland, hatred for the invaders, exposure and criticism of ugly things, and the tall images of those outstanding people will make our students deeply educated. For example, when I teach Qi Huangyang, I let the students know what Qi Huangyang did and what he said when Emperor Wu of Jin asked Qi Huangyang to recommend talents, so that the students can understand that he is a person who takes the overall situation into account, puts the country first, does not care about personal grievances, and appoints people on their merits, and does not avoid enemies when promoting externally, and does not have to kiss when promoting internally.
(3) Infiltrate moral education in the explanation of key words and sentences.
Only by grasping the understanding of characters, words and sentences in a down-to-earth manner can Chinese teaching clearly clarify the internal ideological content embodied in the text, and students can receive concrete and vivid ideological education while acquiring knowledge and forming ability. Some words play a key role in the article. If you don't understand them, it will affect your understanding of the text, so word learning can not be ignored.
(4) Appreciating illustrations and infiltrating moral education with pictures.
Guiding students to appreciate illustrations and understand the meaning of pictures will help students visualize and concretize the abstract content of words, thus deepening their understanding of words and further deepening their ideological understanding. If you teach the article Huangguoshu Waterfall, in addition to the illustrations in the book, you can also show pictures of Huangguoshu Waterfall from different angles with multimedia. The combination of the two will enable students to further understand the characteristics of Huangguoshu Waterfall, and with the teacher's talk, let students deeply feel the extraordinary momentum and grandeur of Huangguoshu Waterfall, and let students feel the magnificence and pride of the motherland's mountains and rivers.
(5) Infiltrate moral education with the characters in the text.
Using comparative method can not only stimulate students' curiosity and arouse their thirst for knowledge, but also improve students' ability to distinguish what is right, what is wrong, what can be imitated and what should be condemned. For example, the article "We must live up to expectations" adopts a comparative writing method when recounting two events in Tong Dizhou's student days, and shows Tong Dizhou's excellent quality of diligent study and hard study and his patriotic thought of "living up to the expectations of China people" with similar structure and language. The textbook itself has many comparative conditions. Using these conditions, teachers can use comparative method to teach, which is conducive to infiltrating emotions into the whole process of reading teaching. Through many comparisons, students realize that they should have tenacious learning will, clear learning purpose and correct learning attitude in their study, which also stimulates their enthusiasm for winning glory for the country and studying hard for the construction of the motherland, and makes them receive profound emotional education in the process of reading textbooks.
3. Strengthen classroom practice education.
Classroom exercises can consolidate students' knowledge, develop students' thinking and form students' ability. In the feedback exercise, we should grasp the key points of training, strive to break through the difficulties, make clever efforts and properly infiltrate moral education. For example, in the teaching of "The Story of Argument" and in the classroom consolidation training, the principle I carry out is to let students read the texts of different roles with emotion, bring them into the situation, let them write and perform the teaching materials themselves, let students' understanding and feelings be sublimated in the performance, and let them realize that they should seize the opportunity to do things. If they fall into endless arguments, they will certainly delay the opportunity and accomplish nothing.
4. Expand moral education in summary and reflection.
Ideological education inherent in Chinese textbooks is the basis of moral education. In this regard, we should skillfully infiltrate summative moral education when the whole class summarizes and extends the learning content. For example, in the teaching of the article "Military God", I guided students to summarize independently, so that students could know that Liu Bocheng refused to use anesthetic for the revolution, thus extending the education of children to become strong-willed people like Liu Bocheng.
5. Conduct moral education in practice.
The new curriculum teaching suggestions should tell the truth, the truth, the truth, and not lie, empty talk or cliche. This is not only teaching composition, but also teaching life. It can be seen that students' exercises should be integrated into students' lives and linked with their behavior habits, so that students can perceive the truth of being a man through writing and learn to be a man. Composition teaching is another important part of Chinese teaching, and it is also an important way to shape students' minds. The essence of Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, is "the unity of teaching composition and teaching life". Composition teaching can promote students to observe the society more comprehensively, understand the society more deeply, praise the truth, goodness and beauty in life, attack the false, evil and ugly in reality, and cultivate students' correct view of right and wrong. Therefore, every educator should seize every favorable opportunity and stand on the height of educating people consciously, which is very important to improve the comprehensive quality of talents. In composition teaching, we can combine students' life and ideological reality to guide students to understand "Tao" in composition and organically infiltrate moral education. For example, writing "My Mom" requires everyone to write about how his mother takes care of our study life and feels the love of parents. So, what should we do to our parents? Let students receive filial piety education from it. Nowadays, most of the students are only children, and the family's doting makes them accustomed to considering everything from their own point of view, and rarely takes into account the feelings of others, thus forming a selfish habit. Through composition, shame makes them know how to face life, difficulties and setbacks, so that they can grow up healthily. Therefore, practice can guide students how to be human, purify students' minds and form good ideological quality and traditional virtues.
6. Implementing moral education in oral communication teaching.
Oral communication is an important part of Chinese teaching. The content of oral communication selected in Chinese textbooks for primary schools is very ideological. For example, courtesy, please come to my house, make a phone call and buy stationery to educate students to use polite language and be polite to others. "Learn to comfort" and "learn to encourage" to educate students to develop a good moral character of helping others. A good oral communication class can also infect students and help them develop good ideology and morality.
(3) Broaden your horizons in extracurricular reading and cultivate students' noble moral sentiments.
Extracurricular reading is one of the ways to implement moral education in Chinese teaching in primary schools. Actively carrying out Chinese extracurricular reading with rich content and various forms is not only conducive to developing students' will and personality characteristics, but also conducive to cultivating students' noble moral sentiments. Teachers should recommend relevant reading materials, list reference books, guide students to read, strengthen reading guidance, stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading, and teach students reading methods, especially evaluation and appreciation methods, so that students can gain something from reading.
(four) to carry out a variety of Chinese extracurricular activities, moral education for students.
Moral education for students through Chinese extracurricular activities is one of the components of Chinese overall education. It will get twice the result with half the effort to organically combine moral education inside and outside the classroom. Chinese extracurricular activities can enrich students' Chinese knowledge and promote students' Chinese ability and ideological and moral edification. The design of activities should be close to the students' ideological reality and pay attention to hierarchy and pertinence. There are various types of Chinese extracurricular activities, such as holding literary and artistic works appreciation meetings, story meetings, lectures and debates. These activities are lively and can enrich students' knowledge of Chinese, which is very popular with students. Pupils have strong plasticity, so they should choose positive role models in extracurricular activities to cultivate good quality, enterprising spirit, socialist moral sentiments and patriotic feelings, such as reading revolutionary poems and celebrity success stories. Through these activities, moral education is infiltrated, the cultivation of Chinese ability and moral cultivation are organically combined, and moral education is incorporated into Chinese extracurricular activities.
(E) Infiltrating moral education in homework correction
Students' homework can not only test their proficiency in mastering knowledge, but also reflect their ideological trends in time. Therefore, when correcting homework, teachers should always pay attention to all kinds of signs, guide and correct them in time, and lose no time in infiltrating ideological education. For example, when I was correcting students' homework, I found a classmate using "help" to make a sentence: "I will help others only if others help me." I called this classmate to explain the truth of helping others and let him know how to "help others".
(6) Infiltrate students' moral education through the self-image of Chinese teachers.
"Learning from high school and respecting as a model" requires teachers not only to have extensive and solid professional knowledge, but also to constantly enrich and update, and to have a strong sense of responsibility and dedication. Moral education should not only set an example, but also be a teacher everywhere. Teachers should first do what students are required to do and influence students with love and personality charm. Using flexible teaching methods, "more praise, less criticism" and "more encouragement, less criticism" can stimulate students' interest and establish an optimistic learning attitude and spirit. In classroom teaching activities, I always try my best to let students at different levels participate in different levels of activities, affirm students with poor grades as much as possible, stimulate their enthusiasm, and protect their self-esteem and enthusiasm for learning. At the same time, we often pay attention to our clothes and manners and set an example for students. As long as we carefully explore the best combination of moral education and subject teaching, and pay attention to the integration of the two when preparing lessons, students can get the subtle educational effect of "sneaking into the night with the wind and moistening things silently", instead of making moral education an empty oral sermon, thus promoting the learning of subject knowledge and contributing to the absorption of subject knowledge. Teachers' personality charm comes from their extensive knowledge, manners, words and deeds, lofty moral character and kindness. Romain rolland, a French writer, said, "If you want to spread sunshine in other people's hearts, you must have sunshine in your own heart. "Teachers' perfect personality will inspire students' hearts. The teacher's personality is internal, but the inner personality brilliance will always be exposed to the outside, producing extraordinary charm. Compared with empty moral theory preaching, teachers' own personality charm is more convincing and plays a more vivid role as an example.
In a word, Chinese teaching contains rich ideological education content. As long as we teachers try hard to find, combine the two properly, take society as the classroom, naturally infiltrate moral education in lectures, and strive to teach and educate people, integrate knowledge and practice, and integrate knowledge and practice, we can educate students imperceptibly.