Rosenthal effect

Rosenthal, a famous American psychologist, came to an ordinary middle school, walked casually in a class, and then circled a few names on the student list to tell their teachers that these students had high IQ and were very smart.

After a while, the professor came to this middle school again, and a miracle happened. The students he chose really became the best in the class.

This is the magic of "hint" at work.

Everyone will receive psychological hints in life, some of which are negative and some are positive. Teachers and parents are the people that children trust most, and they are also the people who give psychological hints.

If it is a long-term negative psychological suggestion, the child's mood will be affected, seriously affecting mental health.

On the other hand, if parents and teachers give their children positive affirmation and spiritual nourishment through expectant eyes, approving smiles and encouraging words, children will be more self-respecting, self-loving, confident and self-reliant.

Overlimit effect

Mark, a famous American writer? Twain once listened to a priest's speech in church. At first, he felt that the priest spoke very well and was very touching, and decided to donate money. 10 minutes later, the priest got impatient before he finished, and decided to donate only some small change.

After another 10 minute, the priest decided not to donate a penny before he finished. At last, when the priest finished his long speech, he was so angry that he not only didn't donate money, but also stole 2 yuan from the plate.

This psychological phenomenon caused by excessive stimulation and long action time is called "overrun effect".

Overlimit effect

Over-limit effect often occurs in family education and school education. If a child makes a mistake, parents and teachers will repeatedly criticize him once, twice or even four or five times, which will make the child from guilt to impatience and finally disgust. If you are forced to hurry, there will be rebellious psychology and behavior of "I insist on this".

Don't criticize children beyond the limit. "Make a mistake and criticize only once." If you must criticize again, do it in a different way, so that children will not feel that their mistakes have been caught.

Westerner effect

Psychologist Desi once told such a fable: A group of children frolic in front of an old man, screaming all over the sky, and the old man can't stand it.

So he gave each child 10 cents and said to them, "You have made this place very lively and made me feel much younger. Thank you ".

The children were very happy and came the next day, playing as usual. The old man gave them five cents each. On the third day, the children still came, and the old man only gave 2 cents. The children flew into a rage. "How only 2 cents? We have worked hard! " ".So they never came again.

The old man's method is simple. He turned the children's intrinsic motivation of "playing for their own happiness" into the extrinsic motivation of "playing for a penny". He manipulates external factors, so he manipulates children's behavior.

Westerner effect

Desi effect appears from time to time in life. For example, parents often say to their children, "If you get 100 this time, you will be rewarded with 100 yuan" and "If you get into the top five, you will be rewarded with a new toy".

Parents may not have expected that it is this unfair reward mechanism that will reduce children's interest in learning a little.

In learning, parents should guide their children to set up lofty ideals, enhance their emotions and interests in learning, increase the motivation of learning itself, and help children reap the fun of learning.

Parents' rewards can be things that are helpful to study, such as books, learning tools, etc., while some things that have nothing to do with study are best not.

Hawthorne effect

Hawthorne Factory, which manufactures telephone exchanges in the suburbs of Chicago, USA, has relatively perfect entertainment facilities, medical care system and pension system, but the workers are still indignant and the production situation is not ideal.

Later, psychological experts specially conducted an experiment on it, that is, in two years, experts had more than 20,000 individual conversations with laborers, stipulating that during the conversation, they should patiently listen to the opinions and dissatisfaction of laborers.

This talk experiment has received unexpected results: the output value of Hawthorne factory has been greatly improved.

Hawthorne effect

In the process of learning and growing up, children will inevitably have confusion or dissatisfaction, but they can't fully express it.

As parents, we should try our best to find time to have a heart-to-heart talk with our children, and in the process of talking, we should try our best to patiently guide our children to talk about their confusion in life and study and their dissatisfaction with their parents, schools, teachers and classmates.

After "talking", children will have a sense of satisfaction and feel relaxed and comfortable. In this way, they will work harder in their studies and be more confident in their lives!