The aristocratic education system in the Zhou Dynasty in China began in the Zhou Dynasty in BC 1046, which required students to master six basic talents: etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics. From "Zhou Li Local Official Situbao": "Cultivate the country and teach the Tao. It is to teach six arts: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " This is the "Six Arts" of "Five Classics and Six Arts".
Ceremony: etiquette. Five gifts: Meng Li, military commander Li,,.
If you don't learn "Li", Li can't stand. "Guanzi Herdsmen" said that "the granary actually knows etiquette, and you will know honor and disgrace when you have enough to eat and wear warm clothes". Folk weddings, funerals, enrollment, sacrifices and sacrifices have been officials of rites and music since ancient times. Confucius was a courtesy officer for many times in the previous generation, and Confucius learned courtesy when he was young. In the aspect of offering sacrifices to national ancestral temples, ancient officials stood in Taichang Temple, temple sacrifice place and other etiquette officials, and set up etiquette officials such as chanting, praising and worshiping the journey. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there were six departments: Jiaoshe, Le Tai, Advocacy, Taifu and Taiwei. In the Ming Dynasty, Taichang Division was set up, and Taichang Division was set up with Qing, Cheng, Dian, Xie Lvlang, Doctor and Lang.
Modern officials set up the protocol of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in charge of national gifts and foreign etiquette. Foreign-related hotels shall have the post of Chief Protocol Officer, who shall be responsible for hotel protocol affairs. The official professional qualification of the Chief Protocol Officer is certified by Golden Key International.
Le: It's six music. Six Music: It refers to six sets of music and dance: Yunmen Dajuan, Xianchi, Dashao, Daxia, Dayun and Dawu.
When there is a ceremony, there must be a banquet to celebrate the face, and when there is a banquet to celebrate the face, there must be a accompaniment by the merchants of Wuyin Palace. The ancient government set up a music official to be responsible for celebrating the banquet in the palace. According to historical records, Confucius mainly had three teachers. According to legend, he once "asked Lao Dan for gifts, learned music from Changhong, and learned piano from teachers". During the Spring and Autumn Period, a famous music official in Lu was one of Confucius' teachers, and Confucius had studied piano from him. In Historical Records, he said that he was "an official with a clear blow, but he could play the piano". In the Tang Dynasty, a music official was set up in the pear garden, which was composed of envoys, envoys, judges and sacrificial officials. Modern music has developed into a cultural industry.
Shooting: Five shooting methods of military archery: white arrow, joint, stroke, ruler and well instrument. White arrow, the arrow penetrates the target and the arrow is white, indicating that the arrow is accurate and powerful; Join the company, put a vector in front, and the last three vectors go away one after another. If the beads are in the same position, the vectors belong to each other; Note that it is the disease of vector line; A ruler, I shoot with you, I stand side by side with you, and let you back a foot; Good instrument, four vectors are consistent, all hit the target.
Shooting is one of the six ancient arts in China. Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman who defeats a soldier without fighting is a gentleman who climbs up and drinks." Therefore, "shooting" is not only a technique of killing the enemy to protect the family, but also a sport of self-cultivation. Archery in ancient China included archery and slingshot, and crossbows were invented in the Spring and Autumn Period. Among them, archery has been paid more attention in history because of its very important role in military and hunting activities.
Archaeologists once found a stone arrow 28,000 years ago at the Zhiyu cultural site in Shanxi, which shows that humans have already used bows and arrows. Wu Zetian established a martial arts system in the Tang Dynasty, which stipulated nine criteria for selecting and assessing talents, five of which were archery, including long stamping, horse shooting, step shooting, flat shooting and barrel shooting. Today's "shooting" art should actually be comprehensive, including modern pistols, rifles and other live-fire shooting sports, as well as ancient archery, slingshots and crossbows.
Yu: The five skills of driving a carriage and chariot are: singing Luan, chasing water songs, crossing the king's table, dancing across the road and chasing birds to the left.
The scope of "defense" is driving, but whether it is modern or ancient, it includes "driving" of transportation and "driving" of politics, leadership and management. The famous cases in ancient China include "Wang Zhaoxiang studied under Wang Zichao" and "Tian Ji Horse Racing", which show that the skill of driving is not only a kind of courage, but also a kind of wisdom, including the comprehensive optimization of a certain problem in operational research, driving and leadership.
Books: six books of calligraphy (writing, literacy and writing) (Zhou Li didn't explain them, and later generations may guess): pictographs, pointing things, knowing, pictophonetic characters, annotations and borrowing books.
Books, as the name implies, are the art of calligraphy and painting. It is wrong to count painting and calligraphy as a skill. China's painting and calligraphy is not only an elegant skill, but also a tool and magic weapon for self-cultivation. Many bureaucrats attach their hobbies to calligraphy and painting, not only to exercise their skills, but also to make readers think twice.
"Hanshu" first talks about the specific name of "Six Books": "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so the Zhou family was in charge of Chinese studies and taught six books, such as pictographs, images, images, sounds, transliteration, borrowing and the basis of word-making."
Numbers: Numbers, also called magic numbers, are skills of calculation and mathematics. There are nine chapters of arithmetic.
Number, namely mathematical number, has been extended to "mathematical chemistry" in modern times. The development of ancient mathematics in China has a long history, and the formation of ancient mathematics system in China is marked by the appearance of nine chapters of arithmetic in Han Dynasty. Ancient mathematicians attributed the origin of mathematics to the Book of Changes and the Book of Rivers. For example, Qin, a famous mathematician in the Song Dynasty, said: "The six arts of Zhou teaching are realized. A bachelor's degree or a doctor's degree is never enough. ..... Since the river map, Uncle Luo has made secrets, gossip and nine domains, which are intricate and subtle. As for the use of Dayan and Huangji, personnel changes are inevitable, and the feelings of ghosts and gods cannot be hidden. "
When there is a ceremony, there must be a banquet to celebrate the face, and when there is a banquet to celebrate the face, there must be a accompaniment by the merchants of Wuyin Palace. The ancient government set up a music official to be responsible for celebrating the banquet in the palace. According to historical records, Confucius mainly had three teachers. According to legend, he once "asked Lao Dan for gifts, learned music from Changhong, and learned piano from teachers".
Shooting is one of the six ancient arts in China. Confucius said in the Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman who defeats a soldier without fighting is a gentleman who climbs up and drinks." Therefore, "shooting" is not only a technique of killing the enemy to protect the family, but also a sport of self-cultivation.
The scope of "defense" is driving, but whether it is modern or ancient, it includes "driving" of transportation and "driving" of politics, leadership and management. In ancient China, the skill of control was not only a kind of courage, but also a kind of wisdom, including the comprehensive optimization of a problem in operational research, control and leadership.
Books, as the name implies, are the art of calligraphy and painting. It is wrong to count painting and calligraphy as a skill. China's calligraphy and painting is not only an elegant skill, but also a tool and magic weapon for self-cultivation.
Number, namely mathematical number, has been extended to "mathematical chemistry" in modern times. The development of ancient mathematics in China has a long history, and the formation of ancient mathematics system in China is marked by the appearance of nine chapters of arithmetic in Han Dynasty.
The aristocratic education system in the Zhou Dynasty in China began in the Zhou Dynasty in BC 1046, which required students to master six basic talents: etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics. From "Bao's Family in Zhou Li": "Cultivating the country by Tao is to teach six arts: one is five rituals, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors' rituals, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers." This is the "Six Arts" of "Five Classics and Six Arts".
In the late Middle Ages in Europe, knights began to learn six skills from apprentices: fencing, horseback riding, swimming, hunting (and spears), chess and poetry. Fencing, spearing and riding exercise combat effectiveness; Swimming exercises survival ability; Tactics and thinking of hunting and chess; Poetry cultivates sentiment.
Of course, knights in the early and middle Middle Ages generally did not need to recite poems, and riding, fencing and spearing were the main skills.
Among the "six arts", etiquette, music, archery and bending are called "great arts", which are necessary knowledge for nobles to enter politics. Books and figures are called "small art", which are daily needs of people's livelihood and compulsory courses in primary schools.
"Six Arts" comes from "Local Official Situbao": "Cultivating the country and teaching the Tao. It is to teach six arts: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " This is the "Six Arts" of "Five Classics and Six Arts". At that time, the children of ordinary people were only given the education of "small arts", and only the children of nobles could receive the complete education of "six arts" and complete the systematic process from "small arts" to "big arts".
If you don't learn "Li", Li can't stand. "Guanzi Herdsmen" said that "the granary actually knows etiquette, and you will know honor and disgrace when you have enough to eat and wear warm clothes". Folk weddings, funerals, enrollment, apprentices and sacrifices have been officials of rites and music since ancient times. In ancient times, the official offices were located in Taichang Temple, Temple Sacrifice Office and other etiquette offices, and there were etiquette officials such as Zhu, Lang and so on.
Style, elegance and praise refer to the three categories of the Book of Songs according to music. Wind refers to the national wind, that is, the folk songs of various countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ya is Zhou Jingji's music song, which is called Xia by Zhou people. In ancient times, it was elegant and universal in summer, so it was called this. "Elegance" is divided into elegance and indecency, and its meaning is similar to that of later Daqu and Xiaoqu. Ode, meaning description and praise, was a musical song when the rulers sacrificed at that time. Fu Bixing is a literary creation method, which was first seen in The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs pays attention to reality and expresses the true feelings caused by real life, which has strong and profound artistic charm. It shows the great artistic achievements of the earliest poetry works in China in terms of form, genre, language skills, artistic image and expression techniques. The application of Fu, Bi and Xing is not only an important symbol of the artistic features of The Book of Songs, but also opens the basic techniques of China's ancient poetry creation. Fu Shuo's truth is that the poet expresses his thoughts and feelings and related things in a straightforward way. Comparison is a metaphor. Comparing one thing with another, the poet expressed his feelings and used one thing as a metaphor. Xing is touching things to stimulate words, and objective things trigger poets' emotions and cause poets to sing, so it is often at the beginning of poems. Fu, Bi and Xing played an important role in the description of scenery, image-building, psychological description and artistic conception of poetry, and later developed into a common creative technique of poetry. Feng Wei? The beauty of Zhuang Jiang is described in Shuo Ren: "Soft hands, firm skin, collar like salamander, teeth like rhinoceros, head like moth eyebrow." The beauty's fingers, skin, neck, teeth, forehead and eyebrows are more detailed than those of tender white grass buds, frozen fat, longicorn larvae, white and neat pulp, broad-fronted beetles and silkworm moth antennae. The two dynamic descriptions of "Qiao Qian Xi, beautiful eyes looking forward to Xi" make this beautiful picture vivid. The Book of Songs is the most ingenious work of fu, comparison and xing, which has reached the artistic realm of blending scenes, things and me, and made contributions to the creation of poetic realm in later generations, such as Qin Feng? Jian Peijun: "Jian Peijun Grey, Millennium Frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth, the road is blocked and long. Swim back from it, in the middle of the water Sadly, the Millennium is still there. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. Jia Cai, peace and prosperity have not passed. The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow, the road is blocked and turn right. Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. "