The earliest standards of teachers' morality required teachers to learn from ancient scholars. In ancient times, the profession of teacher appeared very early. However, because there is no literature record, it is difficult for future generations to test. According to legend, when Emperor Yao was in office, he was named "Situ". The title of "Situ" later evolved into an official position, which means managing and educating students. Because at that time, "people are not close, five products are not inferior"-the social atmosphere is not correct, and the world is in chaos. This is a very serious problem, so we need someone to solve it. How to manage? At that time, it was a very important proposition in the history of China's education and culture to say that "five religions should be respected". Firstly, the purpose of implementing education, that is, "five religions", is put forward. "Five teachings" are aimed at five main social interpersonal relationships to implement education. The ancients believed that father and son, monarch and minister, couple, brother and friend. It's called "Five Virtues". The "five virtues" are both human nature and natural law. Only by conforming to human nature can we establish a social ethical basis and follow the laws of nature, can we establish social moral norms, which is not only the proper meaning of education, but also the beginning of civilized society and the foundation of harmonious society. Later, Mencius further described the "five religions" as "father and son are related, monarch and minister are righteous, and husband and wife are married", which became the core content of Confucian educational thought and the mainstream values of China society for thousands of years. It can be understood that the source of education in China is life education, not knowledge transmission. Ancient sages believed that only by educating students to understand and handle these five kinds of social interpersonal relationships and learn to be a man can they "cultivate themselves, keep the family in order, govern the country and level the world" and achieve personal happiness, family happiness and career success. Promote social harmony and progress. Secondly, the words "respect" and "blessing" are also worth remembering. "Respect" is the requirement for educators' professional attitude, and "sages govern their studies with virtue, leaving no respect". The antonym of "respect" is "boss", which means casual, laissez-faire and irresponsible, that is, failing to fulfill the responsibility of teaching and educating people. "Fu" is spreading and flowing. We should also have the spirit of taking the world as our responsibility, loving others as ourselves and teaching others tirelessly. According to this standard, Yao and Shun finally chose Qi as Stuart to undertake the heavy responsibility of educating people. Qi, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, once helped Dayu to control water, showing great talent. However, as a teacher, it is not enough to have superior talent. As for Qi, Biography of Women says that Qi is clever and kind, and can educate him. It lies in his "ability to educate others"-he made great contributions to education, so he was remembered by people at that time and later generations. Qi's nature is "smart and kind", and "smart" is talent and insight. Benevolence is love and character, so it can shoulder the responsibility of educating people. In today's words, it is "learning to be a teacher and be a model", or "having both ability and political integrity". Only such people are qualified to be teachers. I'm afraid this man is the first model set by our ancestors for future generations, and he is a "wise and benevolent person". It is also the earliest professional ethics of teachers in China. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was also an era full of disputes, so hundreds of philosophers rose up to attack it and prescribed a peaceful prescription for troubled times. In fact, they are all professional teachers, giving lectures in private, sitting and talking, and each group of students follows. Although they are not teachers appointed by others, they should also be persuasive and proficient educators. Otherwise, how could they? Therefore, in their works, a lot of words about education and teachers are retained. Although auspicious, it is precious, and many classic words are directly quoted into the teacher's ethics norms formulated by later generations. Confucius was an outstanding educator in ancient times and was regarded as a "model for later generations". Confucius resigned and studied poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music, and his disciples also. Confucius lived in seclusion and sorted out ancient cultural classics. He probably didn't expect to post advertisements for enrollment everywhere, and as a result, a large number of students from all directions asked him about his study. This can be explained by Confucius' own words-"Being upright, making orders but not doing them, making orders but not doing them". Confucius is the unity of knowledge and practice, and his educational proposition comes from his education. (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) If teachers can't match their words with their deeds and set an example, how can they educate and influence students? Confucius taught his students to "never tire of learning and never tire of teaching", and he did the same himself. In this regard, Confucius' student Zi Gong commented: "Learning to be excellent is an official; In the eyes of his students, "benevolence" is the distinctive feature of Confucius, and it is also the main reason why Confucius was regarded as a saint by later generations, which is in the same strain as the aforementioned "benevolence" of Qi. Can it be said that "benevolence" is the highest personality realm and model of ancient educators in China? In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote Bailudong Tiantiao for six years (1 179). He just became a great educator in Nankang Army (now Xing Zi County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and decided to establish an academy in Bailudong, at the eastern foot of Lushan Mountain. Here, he personally formulated the famous Bailudong doctrine: father and son are related by blood. Respect and apply the five major religions, that is, this is also. Scholars learn this, and the order of learning is also five, which is listed as left: learning, interrogation, careful thinking, discrimination and practice. Right is the order of learning, asking, thinking and distinguishing, so it is also poor. Husband is diligent, can cultivate one's morality, and even can do things and collect things. It is a great event in the history of education in our country not to seek profit, Ming Dow, and to do light work. We should do what we don't want others to do. We should do what we don't want to do and find it ourselves. This is a particularly memorable event in the history of education. Thanks to Zhu's advocacy and efforts, Bailudong Academy has not only been full of string songs for hundreds of years, but also developed into "the first academy in the world", "representing the history of China for nearly 700 years". "It also opened the educational tradition of ancient academies for thousands of years. Zhu's White Deer Cave Sutra is a moral creed advocated by educators in past dynasties. For example, Wang Yangming, a scholar and educator in the Ming Dynasty, once said that "the husband is the way to learn, and the rules of Bailudong are exhausted". Bailudongism is not only the criterion for students to seek knowledge, but also the criterion for teachers to engage in education. The two are unified. Zhu explained: "I stole the ancient sages, so I taught people to learn." Is it possible to make them reason, exercise their bodies, and then push others, instead of just remembering their affairs, making speeches, gaining fame and interests? "That is to say, in educational practice, teaching and learning are unified, and there is only one purpose of education throughout the ages: to carry out life education, instead of taking education as a means to pursue personal utility, as Mr. Tao Xingzhi said." Thousands of teachers teach people to seek truth, and thousands of scholars learn to be human. "It can be seen that real educators in ancient and modern history are opposed to utilitarian education. Bailudong Theory systematically combs the classical expositions of ancient sages, especially the pre-Qin Confucian expositions on education: First, it is clear that the "five religions" put forward by Mencius are the purpose of education, and "learning from scholars is also the foundation." Taking "erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and faithfulness" put forward by Confucius in The Doctrine of the Mean as the portal of teaching and educating people, it is emphasized that the first four belong to the category of knowledge, while the latter "faithfulness" is practice. Zhu always thought that The Doctrine of the Mean was Confucius' work of "teaching the mind", and on this basis, Wang Yangming put forward the ideas of "unity of knowing and doing" and "unity of knowing and doing". These views and ideas are also of great practical significance for us to correct the deviation of current educational work. The following "the essentials of self-cultivation", "the essentials of doing things" and "the essentials of receiving things" are all "consistent things" and belong to the field of practice. Zhu believes that human growth is an educational process. For educators themselves, it should be regarded as a kind of "rule prohibition". In this process, self-cultivation and morality are constantly promoted. "This is a gentleman's mind. He regards nothing in the world as not the love of my heart, and nothing is not my duty. Although the situation is not as good as that of people, those who are willing to go with the monarch and the people are the most complete and clear exposition of China's ancient ethics. Following Zhu's Ethics of Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cheng Duanmeng and Cheng's good friend Dong Zhu formulated Mr. Cheng's learning rules according to Bailudong Rules, which can be used by college students as well as teachers. This knowledge is the same as White Deer Cave Doctrine. It was widely adopted by academies and official schools in Ming and Qing Dynasties. By the way, the "learning rules" of ancient academies and schools are called dogma, learning rules, norms, disclosure, discipline and encouragement. Their practical meanings are the same or similar, and their contents are binding on all members of the school, including teachers and students. It is based on a sentence in the Book of Changes: "A gentleman teaches his friends". That is to say, in ancient universities, the teacher-student relationship should be a friend relationship, and its main teaching (teaching) form, that is, the so-called "friends get together, have a meeting of hearts, have a chat and make sense", is even more so for colleges that pay attention to life education. Mr. Cheng's learning rules specifically refer to the daily life and behavior norms of college teachers and students, such as "respect", "attention", "audio-visual", "speech", "appearance", "dress", "diet", "reading" and so on. Its advantage is convenience. I think this is "the legacy of ancient primary schools", which is similar to restraining children. If it is used to regulate adults, it is too superficial. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, following the atmosphere of giving lectures in the Academy of Song Dynasty, talents from all over the world gathered in the mountains to be inspirational and clean, and "Confucianism should be integrated into the four mountains", and academy education developed greatly. It gradually became the mainstream of education at that time, and played a positive role in cultivating talents, honing integrity and instilling the national spirit of swimming. Academies in Ming and Qing Dynasties generally attached importance to students' self-cultivation and moral progress. Therefore, the most important thing in choosing teachers is ethics. Dai Zhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, said: "Speak with virtue, treat each other with courtesy and treat each other with respect. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been salty to establish an academy. " Second, study hard and practice; Third, we should pay attention to the restraint of teachers and friends; Fourth, I am willing to make friends in order to observe etiquette. Article 3 also specifically requires teachers to "study together, follow around day and night, appreciate strange doubts and learn from each other", emphasizing that teachers and students should communicate with each other, freely explore knowledge and learn from each other, and create a lively teaching atmosphere, which is also called lively teaching. Qunyu Academy has a special "pro-teacher-lent", which keeps pace with each other. Over time, it will be beneficial. "Teachers should have a loving heart, make disobedient children respect you, make timid children like you, and be willing to follow you and be close to you all day. Educating and nourishing children with your noble personality for a long time will make them learn all their lives. Even today, such a standard of teachers' morality is desirable. hill