In the era of Zhu's life, the nomads from the Jin Dynasty invaded, the Central Plains fell, and ethnic conflicts were very sharp. The capitulators represented by Song Gaozong and Qin Gui and the hawks represented by Yue Fei waged a fierce struggle. At the same time, the contradiction between the peasants and the landlord class intensified, and the peasant movement entered the stage of striving for average property and personal equality from opposing personal attachment. At this time, natural science has further developed. In philosophy, Cheng's monism of reason and Zhang Zai's monism of qi have been established, and the debate on the relationship between reason and qi is clearer and sharper. In this situation, Zhu, as a thinker of the landlord class, although he also opposed humiliation and advocated recovering the Central Plains, he gave up his active anti-gold proposition when class contradictions intensified within the Song Dynasty. From the standpoint of maintaining feudal ethics and consolidating feudal rule, he advocated that the key point should be "to be safe first and then to be rich outside", emphasized the role of Confucianism, and demanded "rectification of discipline" and moral education. Moreover, he personally carried out a wide range of educational activities, giving lectures at home, going out to be an official, building schools everywhere, setting up academies, and gathering disciples to give lectures, forming the Fujian School, and had a heated debate with the Heart School represented by Lu Jiuyuan and the Utilitarians represented by Chen Liang and Ye Shi.