The date of birth of Songzan Gambo is still controversial. It is generally believed that he was born in 6 17 AD, that is, the first year of Yining in Sui Dynasty, and his father, Langri Songzan, was 3 1 Daizamba in Tubo Dynasty. (In Tibetan, praise means brave and powerful, and general means gentleman, so the Tubo dynasty praised King Pu. When Songtsan Gampo was born, the capital of the Tubo dynasty was still in Zedang on the south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River. It was after Songzan Gambu, a talented man, grew up that he fought in the north and south, unified all the tribes on the plateau, and established a new capital Lhasa, leading the Yalong River tribe to a broader world and opening a new era in Tibetan history. Because of its great contribution to Tibetan history, it was revered by later generations as Songzan Gambu, which means a deep, generous, outstanding and capable person. History books in the Tang Dynasty called him "abandoning praise". When Songzan Gambu was three years old, his father, Langri Songzan, led the troops to wipe out the Subi tribe in the north, initially unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and became the monarch of Tubo ministries from the leader of a small country in Shannan. Songzan Gambu received a good family education and strict training from childhood, and became a prince who was proficient in riding and shooting, wrestling, fencing, outstanding martial arts, loved folk songs and was good at poetry.
In the third year of Tang Zhenguan (629), when Songzangambo 13 years old, Songzanwang was poisoned in Langri. All ethnic groups revolted together, and the Toarey Yang tribe in the west took advantage of the situation to invade. Supi's old nobles are also actively carrying out "revival" activities, and they have successively attacked Tubo. Songzan Gambu succeeded to the throne in this serious situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion, and became the 32nd generation Zampa of Tubo. He was calm and decisive, and dealt with the rebellion with tough measures. After three years of fighting, he finally stabilized the situation and restored the unity of Tubo again. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (632), Songzan Gambo led his troops across the Yarlung Zangbo River, moved the capital to Lhasa and built it on the Lhasa River.
After Tubo moved to the capital, Songtsan Gambu formulated a series of strategic policies to annex the surrounding ethnic groups, aiming at unifying the plateau. Supi is located in the northern part of Tubo, scattered in Yushu, Qinghai, with a vast territory, interlaced farming and animal husbandry, and rich in good horses. Toarey Yang, also known as Qiangtang, located in the west of Tubo, is rich in salt closely related to the life of Tubo people. After destroying these two kingdoms, Songzan Gambo set out to conquer the Tangut (a branch of ancient Qiang people) in southeastern Qinghai and northwestern Sichuan today and Tuguhun (a branch of ancient Xianbei people) in Gansu and Qinghai today. At this point, the powerful Tubo Dynasty stands proudly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, bordering Song Liang and Songsong Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty in the east and Brahman (India) in the south.
After the unification of the Tubo Dynasty, Songtsan Gambo married Bhrikuti Devi, a Nepalese country, and asked for relatives and friends from Li Shimin, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty who ruled the Central Plains at that time. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), he sent envoys to Chang 'an for talks with Tang. At that time, Emperor Taizong disagreed, and Songzan Gambu sent someone to propose to the Tang Dynasty several times, but failed to do so. He decided to force marriage, and the first war broke out in the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638). In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Songzan Gambu sent Daxiang Kadongzan to prepare 5200 taels of gold and hundreds of treasures, and went to Chang 'an again to propose to Emperor Taizong. The following year, Emperor Taizong promised to marry Songzan Gambu as a princess.
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 64 1), Songzan Gambu was 25 years old, and the Tang Dynasty sent King Jiangxia and Li Daozong, the minister of rites, to escort Princess Wencheng 16 years old into Tubo. Songtsan Gambo built a city and palace for Princess Wencheng in Maburi Mountain (present-day potala hill) in Lhasa.
Songzan Gambu's two wives came from Nepal and the Tang Dynasty, where Buddhism flourished. Both princesses believe in Buddhism, and both brought Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures and artifacts to Tubo. Under the influence of the princesses, Songzan Gambu also accepted Buddhism. Bhrikuti Devi and Princess Wencheng established Jokhang Temple and Jokhang Temple in Tubo respectively.
In addition to martial arts, Songzan Gambu also has a style of writing, and the most praised thing is word-making.
At the beginning of the 7th century AD, Songtsan Gambu sent 16 aristocratic children headed by Tunmi Sambuza to study in Tianzhu (Kashmir) and other places, and created 30-letter Tibetan phonetic alphabet.
In the first year of Yonghui (650), Songzan Gambo died in Lhasa at the age of 34 (the year of birth and death is still controversial, so it is a family statement). (Songzan Gambo died in 650, which is clearly recorded in China's history books, such as Tubo Biography in Tang Dynasty, Tang Yaohui, Zi Tongzhi Jian, Tong Dian, etc., so Tibetan scholars have no objection. )