After the Qing Dynasty in China, the education of the royal family was more perfect and formal in system. When Kangxi was in power, the governors studied separately. In the early years of Yongzheng, in order to facilitate the study of princes, the palace set up the Shangshu Room, which was later referred to as Shangshu Room. Shangxue Room is located on the left side of the Gan Qing Gate of the Forbidden City today. The reason why Shangxue Room was set up here is to be "close to the Palace for inspection". Yong Zhengdi also wrote "Standing". Emperor Qianlong also attached great importance to the study. His couplet to the study was: "Learning after reading is the beginning of learning, and learning is the end of learning."
Compared with the previous dynasties, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty studied earlier, studied longer, had strict rules and had more courses. Usually, emperors choose the most knowledgeable and moral minister-the Pope to study.
According to the regulations of the Qing dynasty, the prince began to study at the age of 6 (nominal age), and the time for the prince to study was "from 5 am to 3 pm, totaling 10 hour. The emperor chose an auspicious day as the prince's school day. Because of the prince's noble position, when the prince and his master salute each other, they use long bows instead of bows. The rules for going to the study room are very strict, and the prince should take a serious attitude to study. Don't shake the fan in summer; At lunch time, the guards brought food, the teachers ate first, and the princes ate on the other side. After eating, they went on working. The study room only has holidays on New Year's Day, Duanyang, Mid-Autumn Festival, Wanshou (the emperor's birthday) and Zishou (his own birthday), a total of five days, and there is no holiday on New Year's Eve.
The learning contents of princes include Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese and other Confucian classics, such as the Four Books and Five Classics. In order to achieve a good educational effect, each prince is equipped with a Han master, whose number is uncertain, and he is called "the teacher in charge of teaching affairs". The way to learn Confucian classics is: the master reads one sentence, the prince reads one sentence, then repeats it a hundred times, and then reads it with what he learned a few days ago. He started studying at the age of five, so tired that he coughed up blood and still kept it. The teacher arranges him to read this paragraph 120 times every day, and then recite a new paragraph until he has memorized the university, the doctrine of the mean, the Analects of Confucius and Mencius completely.
Because the Qing dynasty was "winning the world in one fell swoop", it also attached great importance to the riding and shooting martial arts of the princes and grandchildren. Every afternoon at about 3: 30, after school and dinner, the princes have a mm riding and shooting class of "Military physical education class". This part of the teachers were selected from the Manchu and Mongolian nobles and named "Da Da". "Dada" is divided into "Dada" and "Dada". Generally, there are three people who teach Mongolian in turn. Moreover, each prince is also equipped with several extremely children, who are responsible for tea and food. These extremely children are selected from the children of the Eight Banners, and they are also on duty in turn, two a day.
Besides Manchu, Chinese, riding and shooting, the content taught by the prince will be adjusted according to the situation. For example, Emperor Kangxi likes to take the prince out on patrol to broaden his knowledge and experience, and also gives him various internship opportunities to handle government affairs. German emperor Zai Tian studied western learning under Weng Tonghe's command, and the Queen Mother also asked Yu Deling, a female official around her, to teach Zai Tian English.
The emperor and the prince have great respect for the master of the study room. He ordered the ministers to meet Zhang, E Ertai, and Zhang and E Ertai "received it". Emperor Qianlong also had great respect for the masters of the study. Cai Xin, a native of Zhangpu, Fujian Province, has been a master for more than 30 years since he entered the Imperial Academy. "All governors are afraid of him.". After he retired, Emperor Qianlong was very kind to him.
It can be seen that the strictness of the Qing dynasty's teaching of the prince was different from that of the previous generation. When the prince left the cabinet to give lectures for a while, disciples thought that the decoration under the stage was really no less than a trivial matter. Zhao Yi, a A Qing, once described vividly in Miscellaneous Notes under the Roof: "The strictness of family laws in this dynasty, that is, the learning of princes, has lasted for generations. The rest is straight, and the early shift rate is five drums. " However, I have vaguely seen a white gauze lamp enter Longzongmen, and then the prince will enter the study. We poor college students have enough to eat and wear by reading, but we can't get up early, which is the case every day. When they entered the study, they had classes every day, but before they finished, the masters of Manchu taught Chinese books, learned Chinese riding and shooting, and so on, without rest at night. However, isn't literature deeply settled? Military incompetence? It is appropriate that the descendants of the emperor are not only good at poetry and calligraphy, but also know the success or failure of the chaos through the ages. "