(1896- 1982), a native of Lintong, Shaanxi Province, is a famous Shaanxi opera performer and the founder of Liupai. He was influenced by his father Liu (stage name Hong Carpenter) since childhood. He entered school at the age of 65,438+06, and studied under the master Li of Shaanxi Opera. After studying hard and practicing hard, my skills have made great progress. Once the drama club performed "Ning Wuguan", the protagonist missed the scene for some reason, and he volunteered to make a concerted effort to save the scene, which became a blockbuster and gradually became a pillar of Yi Sushe. Representative plays include Selling Paintings and Cracking the Door, Walking in the Snow, Revenge, Turning the Bowl, Ning Wuguan, Three Drops of Blood, Spring and Autumn Pen Club, You Gui Shan, Huoju, Going Out of the Courtyard, Returning to Zhou People and so on.

Chinese name: Liu Yuzhong.

Alias: Xiushan

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Lintong, Shaanxi

Date of birth: 1896

Date of death: 1982

Occupation: Shaanxi Opera Performance Artist

Main achievements: Member of All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Vice Chairman of Xi Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

Representative works: Visiting Guishan Mountain, selling paintings and breaking doors, stepping on snow, taking revenge, etc.

Gender: male

Lush Life

1928 Liu Yuzhong, who left Yi Sushe, became the president and starring role of Qin Zhongshe. 1932, after the disintegration of Qin Zhongshe, a new music club was established. 1946 performed in clubs such as Sanyi and Shang You. 1950 Return to Yi Sushe. 1952 played Bai Maolin in "Selling Paintings" and Hu Yan in "You Gui Shan" at the first national opera viewing and performance conference, and won the first prize as an actor. He was a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and vice chairman of the Xi Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

magnum opus

His voice is broad and deep, and he is good at reflecting the inner contradictions of characters with long arias; Elegant, exquisite, both civil and military, especially good and bad old students. Ma, a famous Peking Opera actor, praised him as "senile".

Representative repertoires: Selling Paintings and Cracking the Door, Walking in the Snow, Revenge, Turning the Bowl, Three Back, Three Drops of Blood, Zhou Wen Sending His Daughter Off, Visiting Turtle Mountain, Foal of Fire, etc.

Personal contribution

Details: party member, member of All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, consultant of Shaanxi Branch of Chinese Dramatists Association, vice chairman of Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and art consultant of Yi Sushe. Comrade Liu Yuzhong is a highly respected and accomplished performer of Shaanxi Opera. Over the past 70 years, he has made great contributions to the inheritance and development of Shaanxi Opera. Until he was in his eighties, he was still working tirelessly for the development of Shaanxi opera art, and he was worthy of being a small pine tree in the Shaanxi opera art garden.

Personal experience

Liu Yuzhong, whose real name is Xiushan, was born in June 1 1 in the 22nd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, and was from Liu Fen Village, Yujin Street, Lintong County, Xi, Shaanxi Province. He is an apprentice in a grocery store in Yujin Town, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. Influenced by his father Liu (a famous carpenter student), he likes drama very much. 19 12 winter, 16 was admitted to Shaanxi Yijiu lingxue society and became the second student of the society. Thanks to his hard work and perseverance, he soon became a famous actor with both civil and military skills and a clear distinction between black and white. Liu Yuzhong is known as the "master" of Shaanxi Opera.

Personal creation

He performed more than 100 plays, and more than 20 of them were well received by the audience, creating many artistic images with distinctive personalities. There are Bai Maolin in Turning the Bowl, Lao in Walking through the Snow, Liu Bei in Revenge, Zhou in Eight Meanings and Three Drops of Blood. There are Wu Cheng'en in Spring and Autumn Pen Club, Wu Zixu in Chu Tangyi and Xu Da in Dragon Ball. There are also Zhou people in the minority drama "Zhou People Go Back to the House" (Mr. Liu Yiping, a famous performance artist in Shaanxi Opera, said that he was deeply impressed by a play in Liu Yuzhong's "Zhou People Go Back to the House"), especially Shi Dakai in the historical drama "Han Baoying" written by Yi Sushe. In the scene of Dadu River, he inherited the skills of traditional Shaanxi opera, absorbed the routines of Beijing opera and martial arts, and integrated them into one. When he played Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu in Yin Taoniang, he took advantage of Hong Sheng's professional characteristics, absorbed Hualien's vocals and works, and made great reforms and innovations in makeup, mouth and clothes. He is famous in Xi 'an and was once called "the living overlord". Because of his hard study and improvement for decades, he not only developed the performing arts of Shaanxi Opera, but also created his own unique artistic style, which was deeply appreciated by the masses. Many great artists in our country spoke highly of his performance. Mei Lanfang wrote an inscription for him, wrote poems for him, Xun Huisheng painted for him twice, and Ma called him "a stunt in old age". His acting style greatly influenced his peers. In the field of Shaanxi opera art, it can be said that it has dominated for 70 years.

Rough road

Artists have always experienced many uneven roads and always made achievements with superhuman efforts and sweat. Mr. Liu is a beginner in drama. He is old, skinny and has a bad voice. He's not in good shape. Even his father thinks he is not a good material, so he is not taken seriously. At first, he played supporting roles such as court officials and chief officials. However, he is passionate about art and is not discouraged by poor conditions. He has tried to make up for it and climb the mountain of art.

character introduction

At that time, the courses in Yi Sushe were very heavy. Every day, students get up before dawn, practice rehearsals, have cultural classes at 9 o'clock, have cultural classes after lunch, perform matinee at noon, practice after lunch and perform at night. Students have no free time for their own activities. Under such a tight arrangement, Mr. Liu works hard in class, never stops, uses all available time to hone his basic skills and never relaxes himself. Legs are the foundation of basic skills. The leg skills are not good, and other basic skills are not well practiced. Especially for him, a 16-year-old opera learner, it is very difficult. He often tells himself that "one person has taken it ten times, but he has taken it a hundred times". He brought himself a difficult problem and couldn't get through it. The teacher said that his frame was ugly and the night was deeper. He practiced under the moon to check whether his frame met the teacher's requirements. When the catwalk lacked skills, he went out to perform, followed the ox cart to practice catwalk and run the circus. His eyes are dull and dull. He wears incense on his head at night and practices in the sun at noon. Shooting, juggling guns, dancing broadsword, black and blue all over my body, never stopping. He studied Shangjingshan Park in order to practice his hair, wave his beard, dance with his sword and kneel down. All winter, before dawn, he knelt in the yard and threw his hair aside. His knees were skinned several times, but there was no interruption. Extraordinary perseverance and sweat finally made him achieve excellent results in basic skills, which laid a solid foundation for him to become an unstoppable actor. Although the basic skills have made achievements, they have not attracted the attention of teachers, and they are still among the "bamboo roots" and cannot play an important role in rehearsal. He didn't complain. He made up his mind to study art seriously. When the teacher rehearses, he never leaves the rehearsal ground. What the teacher says is from the heart. He keeps it in mind and practices it when he has time. His father went to Yi Sushe to teach and arranged for his classmate Fu Xingmin to "sell paintings and break the door". He stole scriptures from the side, but Fu didn't learn, he learned. Even his father didn't expect that he asked him to play a play for Fu Shuo. Li, a famous student at that time, mainly taught students, including Zuo Xingmin, Yang Qihua, Yan Zhenguo and Tian. Li's famous plays "Opening a Book", "Escaping the Country", "Killing the Post", "Ning Wuguan" and "Visiting the Prison" were all taught to these people, not him. But he secretly learned the drama, kept practicing hard, and finally improved his acting skills. 19 15 years, Li Xin's Southern Song Dynasty patriotic drama "Tears of Heroes" was rehearsed by Li, and the leading county magistrate was played by Yan Zhenguo. Mr. Liu likes this role very much. He watched carefully during the rehearsal and watched the meeting from the sidelines. After the performance, Yan was still watching and thinking about the role. Once, Yan was unable to perform for some reason, so she volunteered to perform for Yan. Teachers and classmates are in a state of anxiety, but the excellent and anticipated work "Many Things Are Grinding" has been a great success and has been well received by all parties. On one occasion, Zuo Xingmin's "Ning Wuguan" was missed for some reason, and Teacher Liu immediately put on makeup. Although he hasn't rehearsed, he has learned it secretly, and he knows it very well. After the fight, he was unhurried and skilled. Head coach Chen was surprised, clapped his hands and cheered, and gave him a nickname "Bold Red". Li praised him even more and regretted not finding this talent. He immediately listed him as the key, and soon taught him the play "Huo Guang Back to the House", and also taught him the famous play "Zhou Ren Back to the House" created by Li and Chen based on Qiang's transplantation of Chen. After Li's personal teaching, Mr. Liu's skills have advanced by leaps and bounds, which makes people sit up and take notice. Screenwriters and directors have invited him to play the leading role, such as An, a newly edited hero of children by Mr. Gao Peizhi, Xu Hanshan, a newly edited novel The Golden Pagoda, Dai Yin, Nephrite Screen and Zheng Quanzhen, a word prison by Li. One by one, the protagonists jumped from the "bamboo root" to the pillar. In particular, Shi Dakai in Han Baoying, Yu Shun in Big and Small Biography, Xiang Yu in Yin Taoniang and Li Bai in Double Pearl Pa are all deeply loved by the masses. 192 1 went to Hankou to perform and was praised by Mr. Ou Yangyuqian. 1924, Lu Xun came to Xi 'an to give a lecture. He watched his performances several times and expressed satisfaction with his acting skills, praising him as "promising, promising."

achievement

Liu Lao is not only a performing artist of Shaanxi Opera, but also a diligent gardener in the cause of Shaanxi Opera art education. Before he left Yi Sushe in his early years, he began to train students. Most students who are later than him are influenced by his education, such as Meng Guanghua, Xu Zhengguo, Gao, Zhao and Geng Shanmin. Luo's Gui Zhou Ren, Jian Jing Tang, Jiang Neng's Sacrifice to the Spirit and The Second Arrow all received specific guidance from Mr. Liu.

honour

During his leadership of Qin Zhongshe and Xin Shengge, he trained two classes of students, about 100. Qin Zhongshe, such as (i.e.), Jiang, Wang, Zhang, Jiang Yaozhong, Li Qiongzhong and Cui; Xinshengge, such as, Zhang Xinkang, Party Guo Xin. Later, he taught in specialized classes of Shaanxi Opera and Xiao Zhong Drama Club. Li Huaiyin, Wang Dinggan, Liu Gentian, Yan Gengping, Qiao Xinxian and Jiao all received specific guidance from Mr. Liu. Before liberation, Mr. Liu taught the following works: Escape from the Birth, Notes on Swallows, Home of Zhou Ren, Beating Li by Yan Gengping, Sacrificing the Spirit by Xiao Chun by Jiao, etc.

After liberation, Mr. Liu served as president and held many social positions. He is busy with his work and still insists on teaching. He trained Yi Sushe's Zhang Jian, Guo, Hui Hua, Sang Zi, Xi's Wang Junqiu from Qin 1st Regiment, Liu Yangmin from Qin 2nd Regiment, and Liao Shengli, Ma Guiying, Sun Dongji and Li Yuqin from Qin 3rd Regiment. He is never conservative in art and always teaches the best to his students.

create

1928, Mr. Liu came to Qin Zhongshe, founded by his father, as the president and starring. He followed Yi Sushe's example and made a series of reforms on the management system and artistic requirements of the drama club. Rehearse Yi Sushe's outstanding plays, such as Soft Jade Screen, Notes of Swallow, Double Poems, Golden Pagoda, Three Drops of Blood, Han Baoying, One Word in Prison, Three Returns, and By the Cabinet. Hire some intellectuals, such as Lv Zanxiang and Shan Qishan, to compile and perform new plays such as A Dream of Red Mansions. In order to attack the social ills at that time, social dramas were also staged, such as Snake Catcher, Seasonal Wind and A Bag of Rice. He personally served as the director. According to the rehearsal methods and creative requirements of teachers such as Chen, Zhao Jiemin and Tang Huchen, we pay attention to the theory of opera, with red flowers and green leaves, and the lineup is neat. In artistic practice, he deeply felt that Mr. Yi Sushe attached importance to the actor's cultural knowledge, which was necessary for artistic creation. He urged the public to hire cultural teachers for the actors, such as Yang Xue Cliff, Liu Shangda and Li Ruiyang. After the cultural and artistic reform, the actors' drama club took on a new look, which was well received by people from all walks of life and had a good influence on other drama groups.

1946, Mr. Liu returned to An where he had been away for more than ten years. The scenery remains the same, but he is over half a year old and his temples are gray. First of all, I take classes in clubs such as Sanyi, Shang You and Zhengming, and perform Peking Opera. 1947, he joined Xiao Zhong and Shanglin Society to teach in the special class of Shaanxi Opera (the old drama school), but these three groups were dissolved one after another. At this time, Mr. Liu's only son, unfortunately, suffered from bone tuberculosis, his career was uncertain, and his livelihood was difficult. The child's illness was ineffective after repeated treatments. Mr. Liu is in a very difficult position. He gritted his teeth and rushed around the towns and villages of Jingyang, Sanyuan and Weinan, having a temporary class every day to play and mix bowls of rice. If it's rainy and rainy, and you can't perform, you have to visit relatives and friends and borrow money to live.

1949, Xi 'an was liberated, and Liu Lao was elected as the representative of Xi 'an people. 1950 served as the special representative of the Northwest Cultural Congress. Then, he made thoughtful arrangements for his life and work. Back, it provides a broad world for Mr. Liu to make great efforts. He was refreshed and started a new life. With the help of new writers and artists, he refined and revised his plays from script to performance. For example, in the heavy scene of "selling paintings and breaking doors", many "appearances" are inseparable from chairs. In order to purify the stage and conform to the plot, he resolutely took off the chair and recreated the action of "appearance", which was reasonable and strengthened the rhythm atmosphere of the play. There is a scene of seeing Liu Zizhong's ghost at the end of "Turning the Bowl", which is very touching, but superstitious. He did not hesitate to delete it.

He took an active part in the rehearsal. In the early days of liberation, he performed new historical dramas, such as Jianghan Fishing Song, Lian Po Lin Xiangru and New Fishing Tax. Later, traditional dramas were adapted, such as Three Drops of Blood, Foal of Fire, Xuzhou Revolution, You Gui Shan, Empty City Plan, Eight Diagrams and One Word Prison. In accordance with the spirit of "bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new", he studied and discussed with his comrades-in-arms, and constantly explored and practiced, which made these plays perfect. I am always careful about my role. Three Blood, for example, began performing in the early years of the Republic of China. After liberation, from old books to new books, from stage to film, the aria and lines of musical have been revised repeatedly, making the play more perfect. Zhou, played by him, is superb in acting and vivid in image, and has reached a perfect state with emotion.

The party called for a large-scale performance of modern drama. He took the 70-year-old as an example and was unwilling to lag behind. He actively performed modern drama, studied hard and practiced hard. 1963, he played Uncle Leng in Hongmeiling and won the actor award. 1999, a performance was held in Shaanxi province. He plays Chang Laohan in "The New Wind in the Mountain Village". Because time is tight, he often rehearses late into the night like a young man and never complains about being tired. In some modern plays, there is no suitable role for him to rest, but he refuses, even if it is a mass role, he will play it, which is admirable.

After liberation, Yi Sushe never pretended to be a famous actor by selling his capital when performing in the countryside. For more than 30 years, he never cared about the advantages and disadvantages of conditions, and always actively participated in the production teams of local cities, counties and communes in this province, or in rural areas, mines and troops far away in the northwest frontier and southeast coast.

After the downfall of the Gang of Four, he was refreshed and relaxed. He once again wrote an application to the party organization and realized his long-cherished wish with practical actions. 198 1 year 1 1 month, which was discussed and approved by the party organization, became a glorious party member. He said excitedly: my parents; It is the party that understands me and teaches me. I am willing to devote myself to the cause of Shaanxi Opera in my lifetime until death do us part.

Shi Cun audio & video

Video data

(1) Sacrificial spirit (full discount) (1982 video, co-starring Wu Minzhong)

(2) "Selling Paintings and Breaking the Door" (fragment) (1982 video, co-starring Fan Xinmin, etc. )

(3) Han Baoying (fragment) (1982 video, starring a small co-star)

(4) Three drops of blood (full version) (1960 Yi Sushe performance film version)

(5) Foal of Fire (full version) (1958 film version performed by Yi Sushe and Sanyishe).

Recorded data

(1) Eight-character picture hanging (full discount) (recorded by Meng Xiaoyun and Zhao Guilan)

(2) Sacrifice Spirit (fully discounted) (co-starring Li)

(3) Turn over the bowl (co-starring Meng Xiaoyun and Fan Xinmin)

(4) Selling Paintings and Cracking the Door (fully folded) (co-recorded by Lei Zhen Media)

(5) Visit Kameyama Mountain-Return to the boat (full discount) (small record)

(6) Back to Jingzhou (full version) (starring He, Yao Yuguo, etc. )

(7) The Yellow Crane Tower (fully folded) (Shen, Lu)

(8) "Put Rice" (full discount) (recording of Gao Fuzhong's cooperative performance)

(9) Spike Post (full discount) (co-starring Meng Xiaoyun)

(10) Three Returns (co-starring Meng Eyun and Su Yumin)

(1 1) Wudianpo-Zhuopo (recorded by Li Zhengmin)

(12) "Playing Golden Branches-Back Tongue" (recorded by Xiao and Zhang Longhua)

(13) Spring and Autumn Pen Club (recorded by Li Zhenghua and Yang Jinsheng)

(15) Eight-character picture hanging (full discount) (recorded by Wu Ximin and Zhao Guilan)

(15) plan of empty city (selected part)

(16) "Zhou people go back to the house-regret the road" (excerpt)