1, speculation is (1.0).
A. Logical ability B. Debate ability C. Imagination ability D. Guess ability
2. The most valuable view of China's ancient nature is (1.0).
A. Five Elements Theory B. Yin and Yang Theory C. Michelle Ye Theory D. Natural Induction Theory
3. Representing the highest level of ancient Greek materialistic view is: (1.0)
A. Anaxagoras's seed theory.
C. Democritus's "atomism" D. empedocles's "Four Roots Theory"
4. A scientific question is a real question, which means a question: (1.0)
A. it's not a problem made up by researchers. B. it is a question that can be verified by scientific facts.
C is an urgent problem to be solved in scientific research. For the subject of scientific understanding, D is an unsolved problem.
5. The most valuable view of China's ancient nature is (1.0).
A. Five Elements Theory B. Yin and Yang Theory C. Michelle Ye Theory D. Natural Induction Theory
6. Speculation is reflected in (1.0)
A. Logical ability B. Debate ability C. Imagination ability D. Guess ability
Radium is the first radioactive element found in the world. This great discovery completely changed the previous view of nature (1.0).
A. mechanical intuition principle B. atomic basic principle C. causal inevitability principle D. world fait accompli principle
8. "Everything that is rigid has melted, everything that is fixed has dissipated, everything that is regarded as special and eternal has become fleeting, and the whole nature has been proved to be moving in an eternal flow and cycle." This passage reflects (1.0)
A. Ancient organic view of nature B. Modern mechanistic view of nature C. Modern dialectical view of nature D. Contemporary systematic view of nature
9, whether the system is formed, the sign is (1.0).
A. Is there a connection between elements? B. Is there any overall function of the system that each element does not have?
C. Is it open to the environment? D. is the combination between elements stable?
10, the system theory calls a system that only exchanges energy with the environment (1.0).
A. Open system B. Isolated system C. Closed system D. Linear system
1 1. The system can have functions and features that elements do not have because there are (1.0 points) inside the system.
A. Additive B. Non-additive C. Bidirectional causal chain D. Random fluctuation
12, the most basic feature of the system is (1.0).
A. Universality B. Integrity C. Hierarchy D. Openness
13. According to system science, evolution begins with (1.0).
A. Evolution from low level to high level B. Evolution from simple to complex
C. Evolution from disorder to order D. Evolution from birth to death
14, the dissipative structure theory (1.0) was put forward for the first time.
A. Engels, Russell, Schrodinger and I.llyaPrigogine
15, natural evolution has two directions, namely (1.0).
A. Reversible and irreversible B. Low and advanced C. Evolution and degradation D. Simplicity and complexity
16. the equation of the second law of newtonian mechanics is F=m(d2r/dt2). If t is replaced by -t, the result of the equation will be completely unchanged. This means that a process has (1.0 points).
A. Degeneracy B. Evolution C. Irreversibility D. Time reversal symmetry
17 years, physicist Pauli made an inference in 193 1 year according to the principle of energy conservation, and predicted that there was an undiscovered tiny neutral particle that took away the energy loss in β decay, and named it "neutrino". This thinking process uses (1.0).
A. Deduction B. Induction C. Analogy D. Association
18, testing whether a theory is correct requires practice. In the process from theory to practice, the thinking method used is (1.0).
A. induction B. analogy C. deduction D. intuition
19, system thinking emphasizes the structure of the system, so as to grasp the system (1.0)
A. Element B. Function C. Environment D. Change
20. Thinking mode reflects thinking process (1.0)
A. Directionality B. Procedural C. Normative D. Logic
2 1. The methods people study about nature, such as observation and induction, belong to (1.0) at the level.
A. Philosophical method B. General method C. Special method D. Logical method
22. Galileo deduced from Aristotle's law of free fall that the falling speed of bound object A+B is both greater than that of object A and less than that of object A. This conclusion shows Aristotle's law of free fall (1.0).
A. incompatible B. inconsistent C. not absolute D. not universal
23, computer science belongs to (1.0)
A. Basic science B. Technical science C. Engineering science D. System science
24. The representative list of falsificationism is (1.0).
A. Bacon Kuhn Carnap Pope
25, the scientific community refers to (1.0 points)
A. Common problems of scientific research in a certain field B. Common paradigm of scientific research in a certain historical period
C. A group of scientists with a common research paradigm in a certain field D. Integration mechanism of scientific research and application
26. The fundamental sign of hypothesis to scientific theory is (1.0).
A. Assumptions can successfully explain known facts without encountering disproof B. Assumptions make scientific predictions that are confirmed.
C. Assumptions are self-consistent and internal parts are completely consistent. Assumptions are compatible, consistent or not contradictory with accepted scientific theories.
27, in the process of scientific theory construction, the most commonly used logical method is (1.0).
A. induction B. deduction C. analogy D. transplantation
28. The difference between scientific observation and experiment is (1.0).
A. whether to quantify B. whether to use instruments and equipment C. whether to artificially change natural conditions D. whether to draw reliable conclusions
29. A scientific question is a real question, which means a question (1.0).
A. it's not a problem made up by researchers. B. it is a question that can be verified by scientific facts.
C is an urgent problem to be solved in scientific research. For the subject of scientific understanding, D is an unsolved problem.
30. A scientific question is a real question, which means a question (1.0).
A. it's not a problem made up by researchers. B. it is a question that can be verified by scientific facts.
C is an urgent problem to be solved in scientific research. For the subject of scientific understanding, D is an unsolved problem.
3 1, the first industrial revolution represented by steam engine technology and the second industrial revolution represented by electric power technology belong to (1.0).
A. Material processing technology revolution B. Energy technology revolution C. Information technology revolution D. Space technology revolution
32, narrow sense of technology, only refers to (1.0 points)
A. Labor skills B. Labor tools C. Production technology D. Technical achievements
33. With regard to the dynamic model of technological innovation, the most reasonable one at present is the dual dynamic model. The so-called "dual power" is (1.0 points)
A. scientific research and technological invention B. scientific and technological progress and independent innovation C. scientific and technological progress and market demand D. market demand and independent innovation
34. The ultimate goal of technological innovation is (1.0)
A. Develop a new technology B. Design a new product C. Improve production efficiency D. Get more economic benefits.
35. At any time, technology cannot be without negative effects, and the existence of negative value of technology is inevitable. This is composed of: (1.0 points)
A. this is determined by the irrationality of the social system. B.it is determined by the pursuit of economic benefits.
C. the lack of humanistic spirit determines D. the natural attribute of technology determines.
36, the highest level of artificial nature is (1.0 points)
A. artificially controlled nature B. artificially cultivated nature C. artificially manufactured nature D. artificially transformed nature
37. The value orientation of modern anthropocentrism is (1.0).
A. everyone's interests B. national interests C. the overall interests of mankind D. the interests of all living things, including people
38. The statement that biodiversity is the highest moral evaluation standard is (1.0).
A. Animal rights theory B. Biocentrism C. Ecocentrism D. Deep ecology
39, the fundamental purpose of sustainable development strategy is to achieve (1.0 points)
A. Ecological sustainable development B. Economic sustainable development C. Social sustainable development D. Environmental sustainable development
40. Artificial natural objects are: (1.0)
A. All objects made by human beings B. Objects with material value made by human beings through technical means.
C. Humanized natural objects D. Labor products with natural objects as raw materials
Second, multiple choice questions
1. In the Middle Ages of Europe, the score of ancient Greek philosophy (2.0) was retained on the premise of upholding the supremacy of faith.
A. humanistic tradition B. rational tradition C. logical tradition D. empirical tradition
2. In the view of modern scientists, "the world is a machine, composed of inert objects, which moves according to physical inevitability and has nothing to do with the existence of various thinking." This reflects the modern general view of nature: (2.0 points)
A. mechanical intuition B. natural invariance C. causal inevitability D. the view of "heaven and man are separated"
3. The basic feature of the mechanistic view of nature is (2.0 points)
A. atomic basicity B. natural invariance C. mechanical intuition D. inevitability of cause and effect
4. The following natural science theories that emphasize the change and development of things are (2.0 points).
A. electromagnetic theory B. biological evolution C. thermodynamic theory D. nebula hypothesis
5. The reason why technology has strong sociality is because (2.0 points).
A. Skilled workers belong to a specific society. B. Technology is produced to meet the needs of society.
C. The development and application of technology are restricted by various social conditions. D. Technology has economic benefits.
6, from the perspective of the essential attributes of technology, technology (2.0 points)
A. Subjectivity B. Practicality C. Transition D. Sociality
7. In the technical evaluation activities, the key points of technical value evaluation are: (2.0 points)
A. Long-term consequences of technology application B. Overall social benefits of technology application
C. Negative effects of technology application D. Positive effects of technology application
8, the positive role of technology is reflected in (2.0 points)
A. Promoting the development of productive forces B. Promoting the change of social system
C. Improve human lifestyle D. Change people's ideas and ways of thinking
9. On the relationship between technological innovation and technological innovation, (2.0 points)
A. technological innovation is technological innovation. B. Technological innovation includes technological innovation
C. technological innovation is the starting point of technological innovation. D. technological innovation is the symbol of the success of technological innovation.
10, the system changes from disorder to order, and must be open to the environment and the outside world (2.0 points).
A. Information exchange B. Energy exchange C. Function exchange D. Material exchange
1 1, Popper's negative scientific development model highlights the following factors in scientific development (2.0 points)
A. Problem-oriented B. Critical spirit C. Logical thinking D. Irrational factors
12, scientific concept of historical development, scientific development process is (2.0 points)
A. Combination of quantitative change and qualitative change B. Unity of affirmation and negation
C.d. Interaction between internal factors of science and other social factors
13, the basic elements of scientific understanding activities include (2.0 points)
A. Purpose of scientific understanding B. Subject C. Object D. Means of scientific understanding
14. In scientific research, logical thinking and illogical thinking have their own strengths and are combined with each other. Among them, logical thinking mainly plays a leading role in the following fields: (2.0 points)
A. Discover scientific problems B. Obtain scientific facts C. Establish a theoretical system D. Test scientific theories
15, environmental science emphasizes the concept of finiteness of the earth's environment. The finiteness of the earth's environment means (2.0 points)
A. limited earth area B. limited earth resources C. limited earth energy D. limited earth waste.
16. In order to realize the synchronous and sustainable development of economy and ecology, we should vigorously develop green technologies, including (2.0 points).
A. Pollution control technology B. Cleaner production technology C. Health-friendly technology D. Improving ecological technology
17. Green consumption refers to the conformity of human consumption behavior (2.0 points).
A. Requirements for resource conservation B. Requirements for pollution reduction C. Requirements for recycling D. Requirements for health.
18, the modern thought of "harmony between man and nature", emphasizing (2.0 points)
A. man is the subject of the world. Man wants to conquer and dominate nature.
C. People should exert their subjective initiative. D. People should respect objective laws and natural systems.
19, the following are artificial and natural (2.0 points)
A. central air conditioning b nature reserve c farm d city
20, scientific hypothesis in the process of establishment, should follow the following principles (2.0 points)
A. Compatibility B. Simplicity C. Verifiability D. Interpretability
2 1. The scientific hypothesis is scientific because (2.0 points).
A.it was put forward by scientists. B. there is a certain scientific theoretical basis.
C. it has certain scientific facts. D. it has relative authenticity.
22, scientific theory must be testable, as shown (2.0 points).
A. Verifiability B. falsifiability C. Repeatability D. Interpretability
23. Scientific questions are always creative. This creativity is reflected in (2.0 points)
A.b. Problems that no one has studied.
C. Problems that no one has completed the research D. Problems that have not been completely solved
24. Artificial natural objects include: (2.0 points)
A. Risk B. Naturalness C. Utility superiority D. Controllability
25. Scientific development shows that nature is essentially an organic whole in the form of material system. This is reflected in: (2.0 points)
A. The forms of various substances in nature are unified in chemical composition.
B. the forms of various substances in nature are unified at the basic particle level.
C. all kinds of material forms in nature are unified in physical form.
D. all kinds of material forms in nature are unified in their laws of motion.
26, nature is material, this conclusion (2.0 points)
A it was first deduced by ancient philosophers with reason. B. It first appeared in primitive religions.
C. it has been continuously confirmed by scientific development. D. It has been completely confirmed by scientific development.
27, the following way of thinking, the conclusion is inevitable (2.0 points).
A. Deduction B. Complete induction C. Scientific induction D. Analogy
28. Compared with logical thinking, illogical thinking is more (2.0 points).
A. completeness B. accuracy C. creativity D. visualization
29, the characteristics of modern analytical thinking mode is (2.0 points)
A. Simplified B. Empirical C. Dialectical D. Mathematicization
30. The thinking methods related to the ancient holistic thinking mode mainly include (2.0 points).
A. Imagination B. Induction C. Deduction D. Reduction